Note: The senior person on the scene must be notified and must stop all work immediately, when cases of imminent danger are identified, except in an operational emergency. Notify the commanding officer of the situation, and take action as soon as po...
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
A4-5 1. A description of the condition including its location, nature of the alleged hazard, and standards violated (if known). A copy of the original hazard report will suffice.
2. How, when, and to whom the original report was submitted.
3. What actions (if known) were taken as a result of the original report.
(e) The commanding officer, or his or her representative, will respond to the originator of the appeal within 10 working days. An interim response will suffice if the evaluation is incomplete at that time.
b. Command Reporting. Ships may establish their own reporting procedures for safety hazards reported by the crew, SPOs, zone inspections, and those from outside inspections and surveys.
5. Hazard Abatement Procedures
a. Some safety hazards may be corrected by ship’s force, while others may require documentation to ensure they are noted for correction during availabilities or maintenance periods. All reported safety hazards not able to be corrected immediately will be recorded and tracked until verified as completed or eliminated.
b. Shipboard hazards that cannot be immediately corrected will be assigned a job sequence number per reference (b), if applicable. The ship's maintenance and material management coordinator will forward the on-board maintenance management system safety report to the safety officer for review.
c. The safety officer will provide all reported safety discrepancies to the division officer in charge of the operation or space evaluated. Upon receipt of this report, the division officer will take prompt action to ensure correction of each identified deficiency.
Note: The senior person on the scene must be notified and must stop all work immediately, when cases of imminent danger are identified, except in an operational emergency. Notify the commanding officer of the situation, and take action as soon as possible. Imminent danger is defined as a shipboard condition that immediately threatens the loss of life, bodily injury, or illness to personnel.
d. The safety officer will maintain documentation of identified safety hazards. The CSMP or other means (e.g. hazard abatement log) may be used as documentation of safety hazards awaiting correction or resolution. Each safety hazard documented will be assigned a RAC. Documentation for hazards will consist of the following per subparagraphs 5d(1) through 5d(3), at a minimum.
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
A4-6 (1) Date, location, and description of hazard.
(2) RAC (see subparagraph 5f).
(3) Date and corrective action taken to control or eliminate the hazard.
e. In some instances, where it would be helpful or prudent to notify others outside of the command of the hazard, the safety officer will complete a hazard report. Hazard reports must be submitted in the WESS. Specifics about what should be reported by a hazard report are contained in reference (c).
f. A risk assessment will be conducted on each identified safety hazard that cannot be corrected immediately. The assessment provides a measure of the degree of risk associated with a deficiency by combining both the severity of the hazard and the probability. At the conclusion of the assessment a RAC is assigned, which provides a priority for the correction of deficiencies. The RAC is derived as per the below subparagraphs 5f(1) through 5f(3).
(1) Severity. The severity is an assessment of the worst reasonably expected consequence, defined by degree of injury, illness, or physical damage which is likely to occur as a result of the hazard. Severity categories are assigned Roman numerals according to the criteria in the following table A4-1.
Description Category Results CATASTROPHIC I The hazard may cause death, major facility damage, or loss of mission- critical system or equipment. CRITICAL II The hazard may cause severe injury, illness, major property or equipment damage, or significantly degrade mission capability. MARGINAL III The hazard may cause minor injury, illness, minor property or equipment damage, or degrade mission capability. NEGLIGIBLE IV The hazard presents a minimal threat to personnel safety, health, minimal property or equipment damage or little or no adverse impact on mission capability. Table A4-1
(2) Probability. The probability is the likelihood that a potential consequence may occur as a result of a hazard based on an assessment of such factors as location, exposure in terms of
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
A4-7 cycles or hours of operation, and affected population. Probability is assigned a letter according to the following criteria:
Subcategory Description
A Likely to occur immediately or in the very near future.
B Probably will occur in time.
C May occur in time.
D Unlikely to occur, but not impossible.
(3) RAC. To derive the RAC from the elements of hazard severity and mishap probability, use the matrix shown below. The RAC is expressed as a single Arabic number (1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) that can be used to help determine hazard abatement priorities.
Probability ______________________________________
A B C D ______________________________________
I 1 1 2 3
Severity II 1 2 3 4
III 2 3 4 5
IV 3 4 5 5
Code Description
1) Critical Safety or Health Deficiency — Correct as Soon as Possible . This is a deficiency which presents a critical safety hazard to personnel or machinery or health hazard to personnel which must be corrected immediately. This code is to be used for items such as electric shock hazards, inoperative interlock on safety devices, missing or damaged lifelines, inoperable escape scuttles, a leaking refrigerant system into a confined space, leaking component containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and the like. All efforts must be exerted to correct these items prior to any other maintenance deficiencies. Suspension of use of equipment system or space is mandatory.
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
A4-8 2) Serious Safety or Health Deficiency – Suspension of Equipment or System or Space Use is Required. These items deal with serious safety hazards to personnel or machinery or health hazards which must be corrected prior to resuming use of equipment or system or space.
3) Moderate Safety or Health Deficiency -Waiver of Equipment or System or Space Use is Granted Pending Correction of the Item. This category is to be used in cases where the equipment or system or space can be operated or utilized in a satisfactory manner without greatly risking personal injury, serious damage to the Equipment or system or space, or greatly risking personal health.
4) Minor Safety or Health Deficiency. This is a category of safety or health deficiency that should be corrected when resources become available, but use of equipment or system or space is unrestricted.
5) Negligible Safety or Health Deficiency. This category is used to identify those deficiencies that are noted for record purposes and may be corrected when other work is accomplished on the equipment or system or space.
6. Interim Controls
a. As soon as it is recognized that correction of workplace deficiencies is not possible, establish and document appropriate interim controls. Interim controls may consist of physical barriers, written instructions, word passed over the one multi-channel, warning signs, or other measures as deemed appropriate. Interim controls must meet or exceed minimum necessary requirements to prevent future damage to equipment or injury or death to personnel. The safety officer must approve interim safety hazard controls if in effect more than 60 days.
b. Notify the commanding officer if an unabated deficiency is classified as critical or serious (RAC 1 or 2), and determine who will personally approve interim protective measures. The appropriate department head must approve interim controls for other unabated deficiencies.
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
B1-1 SECTION B. MAJOR HAZARD SPECIFIC ELEMENTS
CHAPTER 1
ASBESTOS MANAGEMENT
Ref: (a) 29 CFR 1915.1001, Occupational Safety and Health Standards for Shipyard Employment, Asbestos (b) 29 CFR 1910.1001, Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Asbestos (c) NMCPHC Technical Manual TM OM-6260, Medical Surveillance Procedures Manual and Medical Matrix, Edition 11 (d) NMCPHC Technical Manual TM 6290.91-2, Industrial Hygiene Field Operations Manual, November 2018
1. Discussion
a. Asbestos is a fibrous mineral that can be produced into a material that is fireproof, possesses high tensile strength, good heat and electrical insulating capabilities, and moderate to good chemical resistance. Because of these characteristics, asbestos has traditionally been used as thermal and acoustical insulation, pipe lagging, gaskets, brake and clutch linings, winch and capstan brakes, and roofing and flooring materials.
b. Inhalation of asbestos causes lung disease and cancer. Asbestosis is characterized by fibrosis (scarring) of the lungs and is a progressively worsening disease that can be disabling or even fatal. Asbestos is also a causal factor in the development of lung cancers and of mesothelioma (a cancer of the linings of the chest and abdomen, but primarily the lungs), and asbestos is suspected of causing cancer in other organs. When coupled with smoking, the risk of developing lung cancer is multiplied. Asbestos-related diseases may not appear until 10 to 40 years after exposure.
c. Asbestos insulation and other asbestos-containing materials (ACM) are normally not a health hazard when in good condition, secured in place, and unlikely to be disturbed. Bound asbestos materials, such as most gaskets, floor coverings, and cements are not generally health hazards except when worked by punching, grinding, machining, or sanding; or when the material is deteriorated. Of primary concern is asbestos that has the potential to become airborne through friability (able to be crushed under hand pressure). Gasket material that has been exposed to high heat over time, and damaged asbestos packing materials may also be friable.
d. There are no known acute (immediate) effects associated with exposure to asbestos. However, avoid breathing asbestos dust because of the long term affects it can produce if inhaled. There is only one way to completely prevent the possibility of asbestos-related illness, and that is to eliminate asbestos from the work environment. Since total removal is not possible,
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B1-2 the Navy has instituted a plan to control the use of asbestos and to replace any removed asbestos with a non-asbestos substitute where technically acceptable substitutes have been identified.
e. Asbestos has been used aboard ship in insulation and lagging for high temperature machinery, boilers and piping, gasket material, electrical wiring, certain deck tiles and decorative paneling, and some packing material. For purposes of this afloat instruction, ACM is characterized as one of two types.
(1) Friable. Friable ACM is defined as material that can be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder under hand pressure, thereby releasing airborne fibers. Friable ACM represents the most significant health hazard, because airborne fibers can be released during normal work operations. Typical examples are in the following subparagraphs 1e(1)(a) through 1e(1)(c).
(a) Pipe lagging.
(b) Acoustical insulation.
(c) Sheet gasket material used in high temperature applications.
(2) Non-friable. This form of ACM, when dry, cannot be crumbled, pulverized or reduced to powder by hand pressure. The asbestos fibers in these materials cannot be readily released into the air under normal work conditions. Some examples are in the following subparagraphs 1e(2)(a) through 1e(2)(d).
(a) Brake and clutch linings.
(b) Gaskets and adhesives.
(c) Floor tile and adhesives.
(d) Arc chutes and insulating materials in some overload relays.
2. Chapter Organization
a. The chapter has been reorganized to clarify ships' requirements and responsibilities for management of asbestos exposure.
b. There are two categories of asbestos work that can be performed aboard ship (paragraphs 7 and 8). These categories are referred to in this chapter as asbestos work protocols. Individual asbestos work protocols, which detail plan work scope, plan responsibilities, and equipment and training requirements are included for each type of asbestos work.
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B1-3 c. This chapter contains two types of information. Paragraphs 1 through 6 contain information that is general in nature, and is mandatory for all ships. Paragraphs 7 and 8 detail information that is applicable to ships relative to the asbestos work protocol under which the ship must operate.
3. Applicability
a. Navy policy is that asbestos-contaminated insulating materials will not be used on U.S. ships. COMNAVSEASYSCOM cannot definitively establish that a ship is free of ACM. Because of this, and the fact that all U.S. Navy ships contain some form of ACM, all ships must implement the requirements of this chapter prior to performing work on any ACM.
Note: Ships will refer requests for information from the Department of Veterans Affairs to the Navy Asbestos Litigation Support Officer, Naval Sea Systems Command, Environmental Management Division (SEA 04RE), 1333 Isaac Hull Ave SE, Stop 1210, Washington Navy Yard, DC 20376-1210.
b. This chapter, including work protocols, combined with supplemental recommendations and information, such as locations of ACM and suspected ACM, provided as part of the IH survey constitutes the ship’s asbestos management plan. Commanding officers must ensure that all required resources and personnel are assigned to accomplish this plan.
c. All ships must implement, at a minimum, the protocol for ship’s force (paragraph 7) if they are required to maintain the AEL 2-330024045. A ship may be required to implement and maintain an additional protocol, for emergency asbestos response team (EART) (paragraph 8).
d. Any ship whose keel was laid prior to 1980 will be considered to contain friable asbestos thermal systems insulation (TSI), and must therefore maintain an EART. Ships in this category must implement and maintain both the ship's force (paragraph 7) and EART (paragraph 8) protocols.
e. Any ship whose keel was laid during or after 1980 was prohibited by Federal regulation (reference (a)) from being constructed with TSI, and by definition, does not require an EART. TSI repair work performed by facilities and contractors controlled by U.S. maritime regulations prevented asbestos TSI from being introduced onto the ship. Those same regulations were not always enforceable for work conducted by non-U.S. regulated repair facilities or contractors.
Note: Any ship that has had TSI repair work performed in any non-U.S. Navy regulated facility or a contractor, should be handled as if the ship contains asbestos TSI, unless supporting documentation, such as ship's drawings, work control documents, material history drawings, and prior sample results may be used to determine whether the material to be worked is free of asbestos. If documentation is unavailable, unreliable, or
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B1-4 questionable, a sample of the insulation material will be obtained following the procedures of appendix B1-A and submitted for analysis. If the material is found to contain asbestos, then the port engineer must initiate a contract to have the asbestos material removed. A non-U.S. regulated facility or contractor is defined as “any facility or contractor outside the direct controls of the contracting official for all materials and work practices used during the repair.”
4. Identification of Asbestos Hazards
a. The industrial hygienist must identify any hazards associated with asbestos and provide recommended actions to the ship to eliminate or minimize the asbestos hazard. This information must be included in the IH survey.
b. It is necessary to determine if thermal insulation, due to be handled by ship's force for repair or removal, contains asbestos, prior to the time each repair or removal is to be performed. For non-nuclear propulsion spaces, unless supporting documentation, supported by laboratory analysis (see subparagraph 3e note above), can document that ACM was not introduced onto the ship, then a sample of the insulation material will be obtained. If inside 3 nautical miles (nm) of a U.S. shore, then the test, evaluation, and sample collection of potentially ACM can only be conducted by either an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-accredited asbestos inspector or a certified industrial hygienist® per reference (b). The 3-day Asbestos Inspector course (CIN A- 493-0014, and the 1-day Asbestos Inspector Refresher course (CIN A-493-0015) are offered by the NAVSAFENVTRACEN, and are EPA-accredited. If inside 3 nm, then samples can only be taken by an accredited asbestos inspector or certified industrial hygienist®.
c. For nuclear propulsion spaces, a thorough determination for the presence of asbestos prior to initiating thermal insulation removal will be conducted. If reliable documentation, substantiated by laboratory analysis (see subparagraph 3e note), is not able to document that ACM was not introduced onto the ship, then the insulation material must be sampled following the procedures of appendix B1-A, and submitted for analysis.
d. It is impossible to identify asbestos based solely on a visual inspection. Therefore, thermal insulation, especially on ships that were built before 1980, should be handled as if it contains asbestos, unless the insulation material is shown to be asbestos-free by laboratory analysis or for nuclear propulsion plant spaces by reliable documentation addressed in the subparagraph 3e note. Ships having asbestos identification capability can provide this laboratory service, to positively identify suspected ACMs. Naval shipyards, NAVENPVNTMEDUs, and MTFs may have the capability to test materials for the presence of asbestos or can facilitate sending samples to the accredited IH lab for analysis. Identification by polarizing light microscopy or transmission electron microscopy is acceptable.
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B1-5 Note: Analysis of potentially ACM samples must be performed by persons or laboratories with proficiency demonstrated by current successful participation in a nationally recognized testing program such as the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program, or the National Institute for Standards and Technology, or the Round Robin for bulk samples administered by the American Industrial Hygiene Association, or an equivalent nationally-recognized round robin testing program per reference (b).
e. There are many means of marking asbestos-free thermal insulation. Do not rely on any such systems as positive identification of non-asbestos material.
5. Types of Asbestos Work Performed Aboard Navy Ship. For the purposes of this chapter, all work processes involving ACM removal or repair have been divided into two work protocols.
a. Ship's Force Protocol. This protocol details the requirements and procedures for the repair and removal of materials that contain non-friable ACM (paragraph 7). Appendix B1-B details the SOPs for ship's force asbestos work. All ships must comply with the requirements of this protocol.
b. EART Protocol. This protocol details the requirements and procedures for the minor repair and removal of friable ACM (i.e., asbestos work that can be accomplished using proper glove bag procedures (paragraph 8)). Appendix B1-C is the SOP for EART work processes.
c. Management of Asbestos in the Workplace. Navy policy is to eliminate asbestos exposure hazards by substitution of ACM with asbestos-free material, approved under the technical management of NAVSEASYSCOM. Ship’s force will not remove installed ACM which is in good condition, for the sole purpose of eliminating asbestos. Where substitution is not possible, the ship will use engineering controls or PPE. The ship will prohibit the use of administrative controls, (e.g., personnel rotation) as a means of keeping the exposure below the permissible exposure limit (PEL).
d. Warning Signs and Labels
(1) The ship must provide and display warning signs listed below, which comply with reference (a), at each location where asbestos work is performed. Post signs at a sufficient distance from the work area that personnel may read the signs and take necessary steps before entering the area. A listing of required protective equipment may be attached to, or be a part of the sign. The warning sign must state:
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B1-6 DANGER ASBESTOS MAY CAUSE CANCER CAUSES DAMAGE TO LUNGS AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY WEAR RESPIRATORS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING REQUIRED IN THIS AREA
(2) Affix warning signs to containers of raw materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, samples and other products containing asbestos materials. Print the warning labels in letters of sufficient size and contrast as to be readily visible and legible. Include the following information:
DANGER CONTAINS ASBESTOS FIBERS MAY CAUSE CANCER CAUSES DAMAGE TO LUNGS DO NOT BREATHE DUST AVOID CREATING DUST
Note: Analysis of potentially ACM samples must be performed by persons or laboratories with proficiency demonstrated by current successful participation in a nationally recognized testing program such as the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program, or the National Institute for Standards and Technology, or the Round Robin for bulk samples administered by the American Industrial Hygiene Association, or an equivalent nationally-recognized round robin testing program.
e. Proper Stowage and Offloading of Materials Containing Asbestos
(1) Stowage of Unused Asbestos-Containing Gasket Materials and Packing. Stow asbestos-containing gasket material and packing (e.g., Garlock asbestos sheets) in double, heavy-duty plastic bags or other suitable impermeable containers. The storage material must be leak tight. Tightly roll plastic bags with contents from closed end to open end, rather than squeeze them, to remove excess air before sealing. This method minimizes the creation of ACM. All bags or containers must be provided with standard asbestos labels per subparagraph 5d(2). Exercise care to prevent bags and other containers from rupturing during transportation and stowage.
Note: ACM storage locations onboard ships are tracked in the relational supply (R supply) database under special material content code (SMCC) “N.”
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B1-7 (2) Handling, Packaging and Offloading of Removed ACM. Adequately wet ACM during removal and maintain wet through disposal. Dispose of the wet waste material in double, heavy-duty (6 millimeters thickness) plastic bags or other suitable impermeable containers. The waste container must be leak tight. Do not overfill the bags. Do not roll or squeeze the bag to remove excess air before sealing the bag as this could release ACM. Provide all bags or containers with standard warning labels per subparagraph 5d(2). Exercise care to prevent bags and other containers from rupturing when being transported to a shore activity for disposal. Accomplish disposal per appendix L of reference (c).
f. Environmental Protection
(1) Repair and removal operations of friable asbestos in appendix B1-C may only be conducted at a distance greater than 3 nm from a U.S. shore. These operations are not subject to EPA emissions and reporting standards for asbestos. However, EPA standards for disposal of ACM apply upon return to port. All ACM will be held on station and disposed of ashore per the appropriate EPA requirements. Routine repair and removal operations of friable asbestos by ship’s force personnel will use in appendix B1-C and may only be conducted at a distance greater than 3 nm from a U.S. shore. Emergency repair or removal operations of friable asbestos while at sea will also use appendix B1-C; however, ships must consult legal advice for operations conducted at distances of 3 nm or less from a U.S. shore. Operations conducted at a distance greater than 3 nm from a U.S. shore are not subject to either EPA emissions and reporting standards for asbestos, or OSHA regulations for sample collection (reference (b)). However, EPA standards for disposal of ACM apply upon return to port. All ACM will be held on station and disposed of ashore per the appropriate EPA requirements.
Note: U.S. shores include the United States of America, Guam, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the United States Virgin Islands, and any other territory or possession over which the United States exercises sovereignty. This sovereignty would include Naval Station Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. The following is a list of the minor outlying islands that are part of the U.S. insular areas: Bajo Nuevo Bank, Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Palmyra Atoll, Serranilla Bank, and Wake Island.
(2) Ships are not authorized to perform non-emergency repairs or removal of either friable or non-friable asbestos within 3 nm of a U.S. shore unless that operation is under the supervision of an EPA-accredited asbestos supervisor per reference (b). Both the 5-day Asbestos Supervisor Initial course (CIN A-493-0069) and the 1-day Asbestos Supervisor Refresher course (CIN A-493-0070) are offered by the NAVSAFENVTRACEN, and are EPA-accredited. Due to inconsistent state-to-state, and increasingly stringent, federal air emissions reporting requirements, each ship is required to contact their TYCOM IHO or regional environmental coordinator (REC) to determine specific local emissions reporting guidance.
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B1-8 6. Workplace Release Criteria
a. Strict adherence to good housekeeping procedures, and dust control measures to minimize release of asbestos fibers during removal or repair of ACMs are the most important and effective means of reducing downtime to reoccupy a workspace after asbestos repair or abatement operations.
b. Before a space, where asbestos work was performed, may be released for unrestricted access, the area must be thoroughly cleaned and inspected. Use OPNAV 5100/40 Asbestos Repair Workplace Release Checklist for this protocol.
7. Protocol for Ship’s Force Performing Non-Friable Asbestos Maintenance
a. All Navy ships have non-friable asbestos; therefore, all afloat commands required to maintain AEL 2-330024045 must comply with the specific requirements of this protocol. The SOPs for the work processes authorized for ship’s force personnel to perform are found in appendix B1-B. Additionally, all afloat commands are required to comply with the general requirements detailed in paragraphs 1 through 6. Ship's force may perform:
(1) replacement of asbestos-containing gasket and asbestos-containing packing material,
(2) limited asbestos floor tile removal (9 square feet (feet 2) maximum),
(3) preventive maintenance of brake and clutch assemblies, and.
(4) replacement of arc chutes containing asbestos in shipboard circuit breakers.
b. Ship’s force protocol responsibilities are below per subparagraphs 7b(1) through 7b(6).
(1) Safety Officer
(a) Ensure that ship's force personnel performing work under this protocol are trained to accomplish the work described in appendix B1-B.
(b) If applicable, ensure that documentation, substantiated by laboratory analysis, is obtained for any repair work performed in non-U.S. Navy-operated facility to ensure that no ACM is introduced onto the ship (see subparagraph 3e note).
(c) Ensure that the ship has the required equipment to accomplish work per this protocol as defined in AEL 2-330024045.
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B1-9 (2) Engineering, Repair, and Aviation Intermediate Maintenance Department Heads (as appropriate)
(a) Provide personnel who work with asbestos, per this protocol, the necessary equipment and protective clothing specified in AEL 2-330024045.
(b) Identify all personnel involved in asbestos repair or removal operations to the MDR. If personnel are entered into the asbestos medical surveillance program (AMSP), ensure personnel report for medical examinations as required.
(c) Ensure that all asbestos-containing waste materials are collected, stowed, and disposed of as required by subparagraph 5d(2).
(d) Ensure that ship's force personnel performing work under this protocol are trained as required in paragraph 9.
(3) MDR. Implement, if applicable, an AMSP, per reference (d). Personnel performing these SOPs are not required to be enrolled into the AMSP.
(4) Division Officers
(a) Notify the safety officer and engineer officer or repair officer prior to performing or authorizing any work that may include the repair or removal of ACM.
(b) Ensure that the workplace is properly cleaned and cleared prior to release for uncontrolled access per paragraph 6. The department head or division officer may designate a leading petty officer to accomplish the workplace release inspection.
(c) Ensure that all mandatory training for work covered in this protocol is conducted. Training requirements are detailed in paragraph 9.
(5) Work-center Supervisors. Train all hands who work in areas where ACM is present to recognize and report damaged ACM.
(6) All Hands
(a) Avoid areas posted with asbestos warning signs. Unless authorized, do not enter an asbestos-posted area.
(b) Inform appropriate supervisor of damage to materials covered under this protocol.
(c) Disposal of Asbestos Waste. Dispose of asbestos waste per subparagraph 5d(2).
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B1-10 8. Protocol for EART
a. All afloat commands meeting the criteria in paragraph 2 must have an EART to perform emergency repair or replacement of ACM. Ships requiring the EART must comply with the general requirements detailed in paragraphs 1 through 6. Each EART team must consist of a supervisor, a cutter, and a cleaner. The EART may perform asbestos emergency repair or removal, limited to small-scale, short-duration repair or maintenance actions conducted at a distance greater than 3 nm from U.S. shore (see subparagraph 5f). Small-scale, short-duration actions are such tasks as minor repairs of asbestos-containing insulation on pipes. The definition of a minor repair includes removal and reinstallation of less than 3 linear feet of pipe insulation or less than 1 square foot (feet 2) of insulation on surfaces other than pipe (an amount that can be done within a glove bag). The SOP for this action is found in appendix B1-C.
b. EART responsibilities are following per subparagraphs 8b(1) through 8b(4).
(1) Safety Officer
(a) Inspect each repair operation involving friable asbestos.
(b) Ensure that the ship has the required equipment to accomplish work per this protocol as defined in AEL 2-330024045.
(c) When asbestos removal or repair operations are completed, approve access to work area using the release criteria per paragraph 6.
(2) Engineering or Repair Department Head (as appropriate)
(a) Ensure that a qualified shore intermediate maintenance activity (IMA) is scheduled to do the work, if asbestos work exceeds the scope of this protocol
(b) Provide personnel who work with asbestos, per this protocol, with the necessary equipment and protective clothing specified in AEL 2-330024045.
(c) Identify and provide a list of all personnel involved in asbestos operations to the MDR for consideration for entry into the AMSP.
(d) Ensure that all asbestos-containing waste materials are collected, stowed and disposed of as required by subparagraph 5d(2).
(e) Ensure personnel are trained as required in paragraph 9.
(f) If a repair or removal of ACM, involving an IMA is scheduled, interface with the IMA personnel and attend the pre-work brief (see appendix B1-D).
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B1-11 (3) Division Officer of the Workspace Where Asbestos Work is Being Conducted
(a) Attend the asbestos pre-work brief if required asbestos work exceeds the scope of this protocol (subparagraph 8a and appendix B1-D).
(b) Ensure that all mandatory training for work covered in this protocol is conducted. Training requirements are detailed in paragraph 9.
(4) MDR. Implement an AMSP, per reference (d). All EART personnel are required to be in the AMSP.
c. Personnel engaged in work per this protocol, must wear the protective clothing and equipment listed in AEL 2-330024045.
Note: Critical watchstanders, who must remain in the immediate area where asbestos repair or removal is being conducted are required to wear the same PPE as personnel performing the asbestos work (at least a NIOSH–approved half-mask, air-purifying respirator with P100 filters) and to meet all the requirements for wearing a respirator in chapter B6.
d. Dispose of asbestos waste as required by subparagraph 5d(2).
9. Training
a. Personnel performing any of the SOPs in appendix B1-B must be trained on the specifics of the SOP to be used prior to performing any asbestos work. This training must be accomplished by the safety officer, engineer officer, or a member of the EART.
b. Personnel assigned to the EART must complete the Emergency Asbestos Response Team course (A-760-2166), prior to performing any friable asbestos removal or training of personnel performing any of the SOPs in appendix B1-B.
c. General training is required for all personnel currently exposed, or with the potential for being exposed to asbestos. The MDR or safety officer should conduct training to include:
(1) the health effects and hazards of asbestos, including the association between the exposure to asbestos and the use of tobacco products that may increase the risk of developing lung cancer;
(2) uses of asbestos that could result in an exposure;
(3) engineering controls and work practices associated with an individual's work assignment;
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B1-12 (4) purpose, proper use and limitations of protective equipment;
(5) purpose and description of medical surveillance program;
(6) review of types of SOPs contained in this chapter; and
(7) posting signs and affixing labels.
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
B1-A-1 Appendix A of Section B, Chapter 1 APPENDIX B1-A ASBESTOS INSULATION BULK SAMPLE COLLECTION AND SUBMISSION PROCEDURE FOR SHIPS FORCE
This procedure only applies to ships greater than 3 nm from a U.S. shore (see chapter B1, subparagraph 5f, for details). To determine if the thermal insulation to be handled for repair or rip-out is asbestos, a sample of the material must be submitted to the IH department of any NAVENPVNTMEDU, naval hospital, or naval medical clinic, or to the IHO or safety officer aboard a tender for immediate analysis. Following are procedures for collecting a sample suspect asbestos material:
1. Restrict access within 10 feet of the area in which sampling is to be done to only personnel wearing a NIOSH-approved half-mask air-purifying respirator equipped with P100 filters. Respiratory protection must be worn by personnel collecting bulk samples of insulation. Personnel who wear respirators must be qualified as required in chapter B6.
2. Secure supply and exhaust ventilation systems in the area.
3. Lightly moisten the cut area with water using a plastic water spray bottle to control asbestos dust while cutting out bulk insulation samples. Adjust the spray to produce a mist, not a straight stream.
4. While cutting into the lagging, hold a disposable plastic bag under the area for collection of any debris.
5. Only a small sample is required for analysis. Carefully cut an approximate 1/2-inch (or quarter size) diameter core through the outer lagging cloth or paste and through the underlying insulation down to the covered metal surface. For soft insulation material, a knife may be appropriate. For hard preformed insulation, a chisel or sharpened screwdriver may be used. A knife is not safe for use with hard preformed insulation since the increased force necessary to penetrate the insulation makes accidental hand contact with the exposed blade a real probability. The ideal coring device is a sharpened steel punch that can be driven into the preformed insulation. Some Navy shipyards have locally fabricated stainless steel borers, modeled after cork borers but substantially strengthened, for this purpose. Whatever device is used for sampling must be cleaned after each sample to prevent cross-contamination of samples. For boring tools, cleaning with a wire bore-brush followed by a water wash is recommended. A sample should be submitted for every 10 feet of lagging provided that the material appears to be the same. If there are breaks, seams, or changes in the direction of the lagging, a sample for each section is required. A sample for each type of tile and type of gasket or packing should also be submitted.
6. Using forceps, a spatula, some other instrument, or a gloved hand, place the insulation in a 4 by 4-inch polyethylene interlocking seal bag. Do not roll or squeeze the bag to remove excess air before sealing the bag as this could release ACM. Label the exterior of the bag as
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B1-A-2 Appendix A of Section B, Chapter 1 required in chapter B1, subparagraph 5d(2). The bag must be marked as to location of the sample, command, sampler's name, date of sample and any sample number, if applicable. Fold and place the labeled bag inside another 4 by 4-inch polyethylene interlocking seal bag.
7. After collecting the sample, cover the exposed insulation with duct tape, place respirator in a plastic bag. Respirators should be cleaned per chapter B6. P100 filters and all rags or material used to wipe down the respirator and tools should be immediately disposed of as asbestos waste per chapter B1, subparagraph 5d(2). Wash hands, tools and sprayer.
8. The collected sample(s) should be submitted by mail or hand-delivered to the cognizant asbestos analysis support facility using the NMCPHC 5100/16 Industrial Hygiene Bulk and Wipe Sample Survey Form.
9. Upon receipt, the sample will be analyzed using polarizing light and dispersion staining microscopy, results recorded on the asbestos identification analytical report and returned to the requesting command. A return phone call of results may also be arranged.
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B1-B-1 Appendix B of Section B, Chapter 1 APPENDIX B1-B STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR SHIP’S FORCE PROTOCOL
A. Replacement of Asbestos-Containing Gasket and Packing Material
1. Scope. This SOP covers the repair and replacement of asbestos-containing gaskets or packing in pumps or valves and the replacement of asbestos-containing gaskets in pipes.
2. Stowage. Store all quantities of ACM in sealed impermeable containers or plastic bags and labeled as ACM until needed for repair and replacement per chapter B1, subparagraph 5d(1). Manufacturer’s warning labels noting asbestos content are sufficient only if the materials are not removed from that packaging. Repackaged, unlabeled materials must have new labels applied. Similarly stow waste ACMs for shore offload. Post storage areas with asbestos warning signs to advise personnel of asbestos presence per chapter B1, subparagraph 5d(2).
3. PPE. No PPE is required for this SOP.
4. Procedures
a. Personnel must not eat, drink or use tobacco during asbestos-containing gasket and packing maintenance operations.
b. Use an impermeable drop cloth below the work area.
c. Thoroughly wet the gasket or packing material with water prior to removing. For gaskets, wetting should be accomplished after the joint is loosened.
d. Avoid cutting, abrading, or breaking the gasket or packing material. Remove the gasket or packing material intact, if possible.
e. Place wet gasket or packing material into a disposal container and keep it wet until transferred to a closed receptacle.
Note: A sealable, suitably sized plastic bag may be used for temporary stowage until transferred to an appropriately labeled container per chapter B1, subparagraph 5d(2). Do not roll or squeeze the bag to remove excess air before sealing the bag, as this could release ACM.
f. Remove any residue by scraping using wet methods.
Note: Do not use power tools to remove gasket or packing residue.
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B1-B-2 Appendix B of Section B, Chapter 1 g. Dispose of gasket or packing material and drop cloth as ACM.
h. Replace all ACMs with approved asbestos-free material, if available. If replacement material contains asbestos, prior to cutting new gasket or packing, thoroughly wet gasket or packing material; then cut. Once the cut gasket or packing is in place, dispose of residual debris, continuing to use wet methods. Wipe up debris with damp rags. Gasket or packing material that is still useable must be placed in asbestos-labeled container or bag and properly secured.
Note: Wire-wound (e.g., flexitallic) gaskets with asbestos between rings need not be wetted prior to installation.
i. At the conclusion of work, either use a cleaner with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter (AEL 2-330024045) to vacuum all dusty surfaces, or wet and wipe down with a damp rag. Dispose of damp rag(s) as ACM.
j. Clean and decontaminate all tools with damp rags. Dispose of rags as ACM.
k. Personnel must wash their hands upon completion of gasket or packing repairs or replacements and before eating, drinking, or using tobacco.
5. Offload. Offload the replaced gasket or packing material and any scrap materials as ACM. Handle all rags as asbestos waste. Handle drop cloths as ACM. Once asbestos waste is collected, place in an impermeable ACM-labeled bag and thoroughly wet all waste. Do not roll or squeeze the bag to remove excess air before sealing the bag as this could release ACM. Tape- off the bag and place in second approved asbestos labeled bag (double bag). Seal all bags with a “J” or goose-neck seal and tape securely. Place asbestos waste bags in an ACM-marked barrel or container for offload. Properly label the waste container per chapter B1, subparagraph 5d(2).
B. Limited Asbestos Floor Tile Removal
1. Scope. This SOP covers removal of a limited amount of asbestos-containing floor tile. Limited amount is defined as 9 square feet of tile (approximately nine tiles). The intent of this SOP is operational; not to improve the aesthetics of a space.
2. Stowage. Store all quantities of ACM in sealed impermeable containers or plastic bags and labeled as ACM until needed for repair or replacement (see chapter B1, subparagraph 5d(1)). Manufacturer’s warning labels noting asbestos content are sufficient only if the materials are not removed from that packaging. Repackaged, unlabeled materials must have new labels applied. Post storage areas with asbestos warning signs to advise personnel of the presence of asbestos, per chapter B1, subparagraph 5d(2).
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B1-B-3 Appendix B of Section B, Chapter 1 3. PPE
a. Respiratory Protection. No respiratory protective equipment is required for this SOP.
b. Gloves. Wear disposable gloves for this action. Surgical gloves are prohibited.
4. Procedures
a. Cordon off an area around the floor tile to be removed using rope or tape and appropriate signs.
Note: Do not eat, drink, or use tobacco in the work area during maintenance operations.
b. Remove the floor tiles from the deck using a putty knife, spatula, or other manual, hand- operated tool. Do not use power tools to remove floor tiles or mastic. Heat guns may be used to remove tiles. Avoid breaking the tiles, if possible.
c. Place removed floor tiles into an ACM labeled container.
d. If mastic will be removed from the deck, remove by scraping using wet methods. Mastic remover may be required to remove all mastic. Ensure mastic remover is authorized by checking the ship’s hazardous material list (SHML) or through written commanding officer authorization.
e. Offload tile and mastic as ACM.
f. Use non-asbestos-containing replacement tiles. If replacement tiles contain asbestos, dispose of tile residue and debris as ACM. Wipe up debris with damp rags. Tile material that is still useable must be placed in asbestos-labeled container or bag and properly secured (see chapter B1, subparagraph 5d(1)).
g. At the conclusion of work, either HEPA vacuum all dusty surfaces or wet and wipe them down with a damp rag. Dispose of damp rag(s) as ACM.
h. Remove gloves and dispose of as ACM.
i. Clean all tools and decontaminate with damp rags. Dispose of rags as ACM.
j. Personnel must wash their hands upon completion of tile and mastic removal action and before eating and drinking, chewing gum or tobacco, or applying cosmetics.
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B1-B-4 Appendix B of Section B, Chapter 1 5. Offload. Dispose of removed tile and mastic material and any scrap materials as ACM. Handle all rags, disposable clothing, and respirator filters as ACM. Once all asbestos waste is collected, place in an impermeable ACM-labeled bag and thoroughly wet waste. Do not roll or squeeze the bag to remove excess air before sealing the bag as this could release ACM. Tape-off the bag and place in a second approved and appropriately-labeled bag (double bag). Seal all bags with a “J” or goose-neck seal and tape securely. Place bags in an ACM-marked barrel or container for offload. Properly label the waste container per chapter B1, subparagraph 5d(2).
C. Preventive Maintenance on Brake Assemblies
1. Scope. This SOP covers brake PMS on anchor windlass, capstan, and weight handling equipment (hoist, cranes, conveyors, elevators, winches, chainfalls, and come-a-longs) in which brakes are made of ACMs.
2. Stowage. Store all quantities of ACM in impermeable, sealed containers or plastic bags and labeled as ACM per chapter B1, subparagraph 5d(2), until needed for repair or replacement. Manufacturer’s warning labels noting asbestos content are sufficient only if the materials are not removed from that packaging. Repackaged, unlabeled materials must have new labels applied. Post storage areas with asbestos warning signs to advise personnel of the presence of asbestos.
3. PPE
a. Wear a NIOSH-approved half-mask air-purifying respirator equipped with P100 filters for this operation. The respiratory protection program manager (RPPM) must ensure that personnel who wear respirators for asbestos are fully qualified and fit tested.
b. Wear disposable impermeable coveralls (Tyvek type II or equivalent) for this action. Seal the coveralls with tape at the wrists, ankles, and neck. Wear disposable gloves to handle asbestos brake assemblies and tape gloves at the wrists.
4. Procedures
a. Cordon off the area and hang appropriate signs identifying the asbestos hazard.
Note: Do not eat, drink, or use tobacco in the work area during maintenance operations.
b. During brake maintenance activities, control access to the space in which maintenance is being performed. This may require posting a Sailor at each entrance and exit to the space.
c. Use an impermeable drop cloth in the work area to assist in clean-up.
d. Do not use any equipment or perform any operation that liberates fibers or creates dust (e.g., dry sweeping or using an air hose in the work area).
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B1-B-5 Appendix B of Section B, Chapter 1 e. Don the approved respirator per subparagraph C3a of this appendix.
f. Before commencing work, either wet the area in which the brake assembly is located or vacuum the area or both, whichever will be required to eliminate asbestos fibers or dust in the area. Use a HEPA filter vacuum to ensure the area is thoroughly clean and good housekeeping is maintained.
CAUTION:
Do not use low pressure air to blow dust out of the brake assembly area.
g. Commence preventive maintenance in brake assembly area including repair or replacement of asbestos-containing components. During maintenance, take care not to use power tools that may generate dust. If a power tool must be used, consult the shipboard safety officer.
h. At the conclusion of work, either use a cleaner with a HEPA filter (AEL 2-330024045) to vacuum all dusty surfaces, or wet and wipe down with a damp rag. Dispose of damp rag(s) as ACM.
i. Place all clothing removed in the reverse order it was applied. Dispose of coveralls as ACM.
j. Remove respirator last. Treat P100 filters as ACM. The respirator face-piece must be decontaminated and returned to proper storage.
k. Ensure all tools are cleaned and decontaminated with damp rags. Dispose of rags as ACM.
l. Personnel will wash their hands upon completion of maintenance action and before eating, drinking, or using tobacco.
m. Upon completion of all work, the safety officer must inspect and clear the area using appendix B1-D prior to allowing general access to the space.
5. Offload. Offload the old brake pads and any scrap materials as ACM. Handle all rags, disposable clothing, respirator filters, and drop cloths as asbestos waste. Once all asbestos waste is collected, place in impermeable, appropriately-labeled bag and wet thoroughly. Do not roll or squeeze the bag to remove excess air before sealing the bag as this could release ACM. Tape off the bag and place in a second impermeable and appropriately-labeled bag (double bag). Seal all bags with a “J” or goose-neck seal and tape securely. Place bags in an ACM-marked barrel or container for offload. Properly label the waste container per chapter B1, subparagraph 5d(2).
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B1-B-6 Appendix B of Section B, Chapter 1 D. Preventive Maintenance on Asbestos Arc Chutes
1. Scope. This SOP covers preventive maintenance on the following Air Circuit Breakers (ACB) circuit breakers with arc chutes that contain asbestos.
a. General Electric: all ACB types.
b. Westinghouse: all DBN ACB types.
c. Surge Protection Devices (SPD), Imperial/Gould: ACB-640R, 900RC, 901R, 1600R, 1600HR, 1600HRC, 2000HR, 2000RC (450 volt applications only, does not apply to 5KV 2000RC), 2601R, 2801R, 3200HR, 4000HR.
2. Stowage. Store all quantities of ACM in sealed impermeable containers or plastic bags and labeled as ACM until needed for repair or replacement per chapter B1, subparagraph 5d(1). Manufacturer’s warning labels noting asbestos content are sufficient only if the materials are not removed from that packaging. Repackaged, unlabeled materials must have new labels applied. Post storage areas with asbestos warning signs to advise personnel of the presence of asbestos per chapter B1, subparagraph 5d(2).
3. PPE
a. Respiratory Protection. No respiratory protective equipment is required for this SOP.
b. Gloves. Wear disposable gloves to handle asbestos arc chutes. Surgical gloves are prohibited.
c. Goggles. Wear goggles while handling asbestos arc chutes.
4. Procedures
a. Cordon off the area and hang appropriate signs to identify the asbestos hazard.
Note: Do not eat, drink or use tobacco during asbestos-containing arc chute maintenance operations.
b. Arc chute removal and inspection.
(1) Use an impermeable drop cloth below the work area.
(2) Don protective gloves and goggles per subparagraphs D3a and D3b of this appendix.
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B1-B-7 Appendix B of Section B, Chapter 1 (3) Once the circuit breaker is racked out and the 3 arc chutes are accessible, prior to removal, visually inspect the arc chutes; if arc chutes appear damaged or degraded in any way, stop and proceed to the step in subparagraph D4c of this appendix. If the arc chutes appears intact, proceed to the next step in subparagraph D4b(4) of this appendix.
(4) Carefully remove the arc chutes from the circuit breaker following the applicable technical manual.
(5) Inspect the arc chutes for degradation or damage using the guidance provided in the MRC and technical manual. If arc chutes are acceptable and will remain in service, set the arc chutes aside in a safe location to ensure they are not damaged and continue performing the remainder of the circuit breaker maintenance per MRC or technical manual. If an arc chute is damaged or degraded, proceed to the step in subparagraph D4c(3) of this appendix.
c. Damaged arc chute procedure.
(1) Use an impermeable drop cloth below the work area.
(2) Don protective gloves and goggles per subparagraphs D3a and D3b of this appendix.
(3) Carefully remove the damaged arc chute following the maintenance procedure and place material into a disposal container. Ensure all loose arc chute material is placed in the container as well.
Note: A sealable, suitably sized plastic bag may be used for temporary stowage until transferred to an appropriately labeled container. Do not roll or squeeze the bag to remove excess air before sealing the bag as this could release ACM.
Note: Do not use power tools to remove arc chute material residue.
(4) Remove any residue by wiping with a damp rag(s).
(5) Dispose of arc chute, residue material, gloves and drop cloth as ACM.
(6) Replace arc chute ACM with approved asbestos-free material, if available. Install replacement arc chute following the applicable technical manual.
(7) At the conclusion of work, either use a cleaner with a HEPA filter (AEL 2- 330024045) to vacuum all dusty surfaces, or wet and wipe them down with a damp rag. Dispose of damp rag(s) as ACM.
(8) Clean and decontaminate all tools with damp rags. Dispose of rags as ACM.
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B1-B-8 Appendix B of Section B, Chapter 1 (9) Personnel must wash their hands upon completion of damaged arc chute replacement and before eating, drinking, or using tobacco.
5. Offload. Offload the replaced arc chute material and any scrap materials as ACM. Handle all rags used to wipe up arc chute material residue as asbestos waste. Handle drop cloths as ACM. Once asbestos waste is collected, place in an asbestos labeled bag and thoroughly wet all wastes. Do not roll or squeeze the bag to remove excess air before sealing the bag as this could release ACM. Tape-off the bag and place in second approved and appropriately labeled bag (double bag). Seal all bags with a “J” or goose-neck seal and tape securely. Place in an ACM- marked barrel or container for offload. Properly label the waste container per chapter B1, subparagraph 5d(2).
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B1-C-1 Appendix C of Section B, Chapter 1 APPENDIX B1-C STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR EMERGENCY ASBESTOS RESPONSE TEAM PROTOCOL
1. General. This SOP covers the emergency repair of asbestos-containing lagging. The intent of this SOP is for emergency asbestos lagging repair work, and is not for general maintenance or normal repair of asbestos lagging which must be conducted by an IMA or contractor personnel.
Note: Critical watchstanders, personnel who must remain in the immediate area, due to watch standing requirements, where asbestos repair or removal is being conducted, are required to wear the same PPE as those persons performing the asbestos work.
2. PPE
a. Respiratory Protection. A NIOSH-approved half-mask, continuous flow supplied air respirator must be used. The RPPM must ensure that personnel who wear respirators for asbestos are fully qualified and fit tested.
b. Gloves. Wear disposable gloves for this action. Surgical gloves are prohibited as an outer glove. Surgical or patient exam gloves may be worn as an inner glove during removal operations.
c. Disposable Sacksuits. Wear impermeable coveralls (e.g., Tyvek or equivalent disposable sacksuits) with integral booties and hood.
d. Boots. Wear rubber slip-resistant booties over the approved booties.
e. Tape. Duct tape must be applied to wrists, ankles, and around the respirator and hood opening. While other tapes may work, duct tape is recommended due to its superior adhesive properties.
3. Procedures
a. Obtain the commanding officer’s permission to remove asbestos for emergency repair.
b. Brief the EART.
c. Secure installed ventilation.
d. Cordon off the area around the asbestos lagging to be removed using rope or tape and appropriate signs.
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B1-C-2 Appendix C of Section B, Chapter 1 e. Suit up team in required PPE ensuring that all openings are taped shut.
Note: Do not eat, drink, or use tobacco during asbestos emergency repairs.
f. Use an impermeable drop cloth (polyethylene) below the work area.
g. Glove bag procedure
(1) Place any tools, encapsulant, etc., into glove bag before beginning securing operations.
(2) Attach glove bag to area being worked. Be sure to securely close all seams on and around the glove bag with duct tape.
(3) The glove bag should be tested for leaks using smoke tubes. Smoke tubes used in respiratory fit test procedures are ideal for this function. If leaks are found, secure with additional duct tape.
(4) Ensure the HEPA vacuum (AEL 2-330024045) and amended water sprayer are attached to appropriate points on the glove bag and taped to prevent leaks. When using HEPA vacuum to obtain negative pressure in a glove bag, it will be extremely difficult to maintain a negative pressure and accomplish work simultaneously. It is recommended that negative pressure be used only upon the completion of the job, and when the glove bag is being removed from the repair site.
h. Thoroughly wet lagging with the amended water prior to and during the removal operation.
i. Remove the lagging as intact as possible.
j. Clean bare pipe and seal off exposed insulation using approved encapsulation methods.
k. Wash and wipe down inside of glove bag from top to bottom to remove potential fiber contamination.
l. Remove any recoverable tools by holding onto them and pulling them out. The glove should now be inside out. Twist the glove and seal with duct tape. Cut glove from glove bag with scissors or sharp knife, and hold for later decontamination.
m. Turn on HEPA vacuum and twist glove bag in the middle below the vacuum hose. Seal with duct tape and cut in two, cutting in the middle of the tape. Place this into an approved and appropriately labeled disposal bag.
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B1-C-3 Appendix C of Section B, Chapter 1 n. Disconnect rest of glove bag and place into asbestos disposal bag.
o. Replace all asbestos-containing lagging with non-asbestos containing lagging.
p. Either HEPA vacuum or wet and wipe any dusty or potentially contaminated surfaces with a damp rag or both vacuum and wet and wipe with a damp rag. Dispose of rags as ACM.
q. Clean and decontaminate all tools with damp rags. Dispose of rags as ACM.
r. Pick up drop cloth and dispose of as ACM.
s. Remove rubber booties and decontaminate with wet rags. Dispose of rags as ACM.
t. Remove the coveralls and dispose of as ACM. It is recommended that the arms be turned inside out, then roll the suit down the body, and pull the legs inside out. This keeps contamination on the suit and away from the body.
u. Remove gloves by turning them inside out, and dispose of as ACM.
v. Remove respirator and decontaminate using warm soapy water.
w. Personnel must shower upon completion of asbestos removal action and before eating and drinking, chewing gum or applying cosmetics.
4. Disposal. Dispose of glove bag, PPE, any scrap materials, all rags, and drop cloths as ACM. Once ACM is collected, place in an impermeable bag and thoroughly wet all wastes. Do not roll or squeeze the bag to remove excess air before sealing the bag as this could release ACM. Tape off the bag and place in a second approved and appropriately labeled bag (double bag). Seal all bags with a "J" or goose neck seal and tape securely. Place in an ACM barrel or container for offload. Properly label the waste container per chapter B1, subparagraph 5d(2).
5. Conflicts. Application of asbestos-control requirements must not be allowed to compromise the requirements for control of radioactive contamination in naval nuclear-powered ships as contained in NAVSEA 0389-LP-028-8000, Radiological Controls for Shipyards. Should conflicts be discovered, submit a proposed resolution to COMNAVSEASYSCOM (SEA 08).
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B1-D-1 Appendix D of Section B, Chapter 1 APPENDIX B1-D ASBESTOS REPAIR OR REMOVAL PRE-WORK BRIEF
To be conducted jointly between the shore repair facility and the vessel receiving asbestos repair or removal support. Prior to conducting asbestos repair or removal operations on a ship, the shore repair facility will conduct a pre-work briefing with the ship’s engineering officer, safety officer, and division officer or work-center supervisor to include at least the following:
1. A listing of all spaces that will be affected by the asbestos work. These will include the spaces used for shower facilities if they are required.
2. A discussion of the asbestos controls that will be used to accomplish the work. This will include:
a. the exact location of the asbestos regulated area boundaries;
b. the requirement to secure ship’s ventilation in the area of the removal operation and its effect on the ship and personnel;
c. disposal of any waste generated and who will be responsible for its disposal (normally this will be the receiving ship); and
d. air monitoring that will be accomplished and how the results of the general area monitoring will be conveyed to the receiving ship.
3. A discussion of any vital watchstanders the receiving ship may require to remain in the asbestos regulated area. The shore repair facility and the receiving ship will mutually agree to the need for these watchstanders.
4. The planned times that the asbestos area will be isolated and entry restricted.
5. Any additional aspects of the planned work that either party feels should be discussed.
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
B2-1 SECTION B
CHAPTER 2
HEAT STRESS
Ref: (a) OPNAVINST 5102.1D/MCO P5102.1B, Navy and Marine Corps Mishap and Safety Investigation, Reporting, and Record Keeping Manual (b) NAVMED P-5010-3, Manual of Naval Preventive Medicine, Chapter 3: Prevention of Heat and Cold Stress Injuries (Ashore, Afloat, and Ground Forces) (c) NSTM 670, Stowage, Handling, and Disposal of Hazardous General Use Consumables (d) NMCPHC Technical Manual TM OEM 6260.6A, Prevention and Treatment of Heat and Cold Stress Injuries
1. Discussion
a. This chapter establishes Navy policy and procedures for the control of personnel exposure to heat stress and applies to all ships, including submarines. Ships must not expose personnel to excessive heat stress and must provide a shipboard work environment that minimizes the probability of such exposure.
b. This chapter applies to heat stress control and personnel protection for most shipboard operating conditions. It does not apply for the determination of heat exposure limits specifically for personnel wearing layered or impermeable clothing such as chemical and biological warfare clothing, firefighting protective clothing or ensemble, or chemical protective clothing (worn for use during clean-up of HAZMAT spills) or any type of body cooling garment or device.
c. Heat stress is any combination of air temperature, thermal radiation, humidity, airflow, workload, and health conditions that may stress the body as it attempts to regulate body temperature. Ships can determine maximum exposure limits for various environmental conditions and individual work rates. Adherence to these maximal heat exposure guidelines can prevent or reduce the adverse physiological effects of heat stress. Sufficient recovery time in a cool environment will help reverse the harmful effects of heat stress. Recognizing personnel heat stress symptoms and obtaining prompt medical attention for affected persons is an all hands responsibility.
d. To obtain accurate and reliable data on heat stress conditions, ships must conduct heat stress surveys to record dry-bulb (DB), wet-bulb (WB), and globe temperature (GT) readings. The Navy uses either a wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) meter or an automated heat stress system (AHSS) to measure each of the above temperatures. The WBGT index is calculated
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B2-2 using DB, WB, and GT. The WBGT index and physical exertion level are used to determine how long an individual may be exposed safely to heat stress conditions. Appendix B2-A presents this information in a columnar format by means of the physiological heat exposure limits (PHEL) tables.
e. While heat stress conditions can occur anywhere on board a ship, machinery spaces, laundries, sculleries, galleys, flight decks, and steam catapult rooms are the most likely to have conditions that may cause heat stress. Conditions of elevated heat stress include operations in hot and humid climates, arduous physical tasks, steam and water leaks, boiler air casing leaks, missing or deteriorated thermal insulation, and ventilation system deficiencies. Factors that reduce physical stamina and enhance susceptibility to heat stress injury or illness are dehydration, lack of sleep, illness, certain medications, drugs, alcohol, and the presence of atmospheric contaminants such as combustion gases or fuel vapors.
f. PHEL curve stay-time guidance is not limited to watchstanders, but applies to all personnel present in the workspace. Exposure time for personnel completing their watch rotation but returning to the workspace to perform other duties (e.g., repairs, PMS) may be limited by the existing heat stress conditions. Additionally, the recovery time guidance provided in subparagraph 3d may require a specific rest and recovery time out of the workspace between intervals of working in the space and standing the watch in the workspace.
g. In most individuals, continued (i.e., daily) exposure to heat stress causes a series of physiologic adaptations called acclimatization, whereby the body becomes more efficient in coping with the heat stress. Heat acclimatization occurs gradually, usually requiring 3 weeks or more (although most of the process occurs in the first week).
2. Responsibilities
a. Commanding Officer
(1) Establish and enforce an effective heat stress policy that ensures personnel heat exposures are limited per this chapter except in an operational emergency.
(2) Review and initial daily, heat stress surveys that result in reduced stay times.
(3) Conduct an inquiry into the circumstances surrounding all heat injuries that result in unconsciousness.
(4) Report to the ISIC those material deficiencies, beyond ship’s force capability to correct, which contribute to heat stress conditions aboard the ship.
(5) Ensure at least two portable, calibrated, and operable WBGT meters are available onboard.
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B2-3 b. Safety Officer
(1) Ensure heat stress injuries are reported per reference (a).
(2) Ensure the program is evaluated at least annually. Chapter A3 contains information on conducting self-assessment evaluations.
c. MDR
(1) Review all heat stress surveys to determine obvious inaccuracies, reduced PHEL stay times, and any personnel protective actions being taken. Submit heat stress surveys that result in reduced stay times to the commanding officer daily for review. Maintain originals of all heat stress surveys for 1 year.
(2) Provide training as required in paragraph 5.
(3) Report all cases of heat stress related injuries to the safety officer.
(4) Conduct heat-stress surveys of all spaces not under engineering as needed.
(5) For submarines, the MDR conducts heat stress surveys in engineering spaces.
d. Engineer Officer or Reactor Officer
(1) Ensure DB thermometers are installed and maintained per subparagraph 3b(1) and temperatures are monitored and recorded per subparagraphs 3b(3) and 3b(4)
(2) Assign engineering department personnel to perform heat stress surveys in engineering spaces and ensure they are qualified as required in paragraph 5.
(3) Assign and qualify supervisors to review DB temperatures or access AHSS readings and take the required actions per paragraph 3.
(4) Review heat stress surveys and ensure stay times for engineering or reactor personnel are being properly determined as specified per paragraph 4. Limit personnel heat exposures accordingly, except as approved by the commanding officer in an operational emergency.
(5) If maintenance or repair is required, record all heat stress related deficiencies on the CSMP and TSIMS (CVNs only). Appendix B2-B provides heat stress trouble-shooting and recommended repair actions.
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B2-4 e. Supply Officer, Air Boss, and Other Department Heads
(1) Ensure DB thermometers are installed per subparagraph 3b(1) and temperatures are monitored and recorded per subparagraphs 3b(3) and 3b(4). Space temperature logs must be reviewed weekly by the division officer.
(2) May assign departmental personnel to conduct heat stress surveys. These personnel must be qualified as required in paragraph 5.
(3) Ensure the heat stress surveyor conducts heat stress surveys per subparagraphs 3c(4) and 3c(5).
(4) Assign and qualify supervisors to review DB temperatures or access AHSS readings and take the required actions per paragraph 3.
(5) Review heat stress surveys and ensure stay times for personnel are being properly determined as specified in paragraph 4. Limit personnel heat exposures accordingly, except as approved by the commanding officer in an operational emergency.
(6) If maintenance or repair is required, record all heat stress related deficiencies on the CSMP. Appendix B2-B provides heat stress trouble-shooting and recommended repair actions.
f. Division Officers
(1) Limit personnel heat exposures per established stay times, except as approved by the commanding officer in an operational emergency.
(2) If maintenance or repair is required, record all heat stress related deficiencies on the CSMP and TSIMS (CVNs only). Appendix B2-B provides heat stress trouble-shooting and recommended repair actions.
g. Heat-stress Surveyors
(1) Be trained and qualified as required in paragraph 5.
(2) Perform heat stress surveys as required by paragraph 3.
h. All Hands
(1) Obtain prompt medical attention for personnel who exhibit heat stress symptoms.
(2) Follow recommended work practices and procedures for controlling heat stress hazards.
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
B2-5 (3) Complete heat stress training upon reporting aboard.
3. Heat Stress Monitoring and Surveying
a. Definitions
(1) Monitoring. Observing and recording temperatures of DB thermometers at specified watch or workstations.
(2) Surveys. Use a WBGT meter or AHSS to measure DB, WB, and GT, and compute the WBGT index to determine the amount of time it is safe to work in a given space. Personnel conducting a survey must validate the WBGT index using the following formula.
WBGT = (0.1 x DB) + (0.7 x WB) + (0.2 x GT)
(3) Heat Stress Surveyor. A person assigned to conduct WBGT surveys and trained per paragraph 5.
b. Heat Stress Monitoring
(1) DB Thermometer Positioning. A hanging DB thermometer (alcohol in glass - NSN 9G-6685-00-243-9964 temperature range 0 to 150 degrees Fahrenheit) must be permanently mounted at watch and workstations throughout the ship where heat stress conditions may exist. Evaluation and designation of potential heat stress areas is part of the IH survey. These thermometers must be mounted in a position so they indicate the most accurate representative temperature for the area where workers and watchstanders spend the majority of their time. Placement of the DB thermometers may be in or out of the ventilation air stream but must be hung at least 2 feet from any supply ventilation terminal or opening. Thermometers must be hung with a non-heat conducting material such as plastic tie-wrap or string (never hang with metal wire) and positioned to minimize the influence of any adjacent or local heat or cold sources (avoid direct contact between thermometer and hot or cold structural surfaces). If the difference between the hanging DB thermometer and the DB temperature measured with the WBGT meter, during a survey, is 5 degrees Fahrenheit or greater at any watch or workstation, then the DB thermometer is not representative of the temperature at the workstation. DB thermometers do not require calibration, so, if found inaccurate, the hanging DB must be replaced or validated by aligning the etch mark with the freezing point (32 degrees Fahrenheit). The ship must install DB thermometers, at a minimum, in main machinery spaces, auxiliary machinery spaces, emergency diesel spaces and other engineering spaces containing heat sources, as well as in laundries (not required for self-help laundries), sculleries, galleys, bake shops, and steam catapult spaces.
(a) DB thermometer must be temporarily mounted to monitor conditions where repairs or maintenance are being performed in a heat stress area.
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B2-6 (b) A DB thermometer must also be mounted in non-air conditioned spaces, not normally manned, in which personnel may have to periodically work or conduct maintenance, such as storerooms.
Note: “No Calibration Required” stickers are not required to be placed on DB thermometers.
(2) AHSS. The AHSS units must be mounted in a position so they indicate the most accurate representative temperature for the area where workers and watchstanders spend the majority of their time. The AHSS units must be positioned so as to avoid interference with activity in that space. If ventilation is present at the workstation where an AHSS unit will be installed the distance of the AHSS unit from ventilation ducts, as required for DB thermometers in subparagraph 3b, is not applicable. The critical factor is that the AHSS unit should be located in relation to the ventilation duct such that airflow across the sensors does not exceed 600 feet per minute (fpm). The AHSS unit is to be positioned vertically with the sensors at the top of the unit and with a minimum clearance of 4 inches above the sensors and a minimum clearance of 6 inches on the right side of the AHSS unit. Calibration is not required for the AHSS but the sensors must be validated quarterly by ships force as required by the equipment MRC.
Note: DB thermometers must still be mounted on ships with AHSS. The ability to conduct manual DB reading procedures must be available in the event that access to the data on the AHSS workstation is unavailable due to power failure, securing of the workspace, etc.
(3) DB Temperature Readings. The ship must record DB temperature readings when the ship is underway or when potential heat stress conditions exist while in port. The ship must monitor the following compartments when manned: main machinery spaces, (fire rooms and engine rooms), auxiliary machinery spaces, emergency diesel spaces, laundry spaces, sculleries, galleys, bake shops, and steam catapult spaces. Assigned personnel must monitor compartments as per the following subparagraphs 3b(3)(a) through 3b(3)(c).
(a) Every 4 hours for manned spaces if DB temperatures do not exceed 85 degrees Fahrenheit.
(b) Every hour for manned spaces if DB temperatures exceed 85 degrees Fahrenheit.
(c) Every hour at temporary installations where the DB temperature exceeds 85 degrees Fahrenheit during repair or maintenance operations.
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B2-7 (4) DB Temperature Recording
(a) Hanging DB temperatures must be recorded on a prepared paper log form or green log book and reviewed by the space supervisor (e.g., machinist mate of the watch (MMOW), galley captain). Logs must be kept for 1 year. If a DB temperature reaches or exceeds 100 degrees Fahrenheit (watch or work length 4 hours or less), or 90 degrees Fahrenheit (watch or work length greater than four hours), or 85 degrees Fahrenheit (in the scullery) per subparagraph 3c(3)(a), the space supervisor must circle (in red) the DB reading and immediately notify the watch supervisor (e.g., engineering officer of the watch (EOOW), division officer). The watch supervisor must direct heat stress surveys to be conducted and enforce the resulting stay times.
(b) The space supervisor (e.g., MMOW, galley captain) must record and review the DB temperatures for the AHSS either as part of the centralized data acquisition system, or as printed copies. The space supervisor must initial in the appropriate box and check the appropriate notation in the computer log. If a DB temperature exceeds the temperature per subparagraph 3c(4)(a), the space supervisor must immediately notify the watch supervisor (e.g., EOOW, division officer). The watch supervisor must direct heat stress surveys to be conducted and enforce the resulting stay times.
c. Heat Stress Surveys - WBGT Meter
(1) Heat Stress Conditions. The heat stress surveyor determines environmental heat stress conditions using the WBGT meter (Model RSS-220, NSN 6685-01-055-5298 or Model Questemp 48N, NSN 6685-01-584-0785), or the AHSS which provides a computer display, hard drive storage and printout of the heat stress information. Each method uses the DB, WB, and GT and integrates them into a single heat stress value, the WBGT index. Appendix B2-C provides detailed information and procedures regarding the proper use and care of the WBGT meter. The surveyor uses the WBGT index, along with the individual’s physical exertion level, to determine the permissible heat exposure limits referred to as the PHEL or PHEL stay times.
Note: The effective operating range for the RSS-220 and Questemp 48N WBGT meters and the AHSS is 65 to 150 degrees Fahrenheit. The relative humidity (RH) range for the AHSS is 10 percent to 95 percent. Use of these meters outside of this range will not provide accurate temperature measurements.
(2) Measurement Techniques
(a) When surveying a work or watch station using the WBGT meter, the surveyor must position the meter where the worker or watchstander would normally stand or where the intended work is to be performed, with ventilation arranged to provide normal ventilation at that location. Operating instructions for the RSS-220, the Questemp 48N and the AHSS are in appendix B2-C, paragraphs 3, 4, and 5, respectively, and in the appropriate technical manual.
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B2-8 (b) The heat stress surveyor must conduct the first WBGT measurement in the workspace after the meter has been in the space 10 minutes to enable it to equilibrate to the surrounding area. As the meter is moved from one site to another, the meter should be at each site for 5 minutes to allow for stabilization of the first reading DB in the series to be taken. To determine when each sensor has stabilized, the surveyor should watch the 0.1 degree Fahrenheit digit of the display. When the 0.1 degree Fahrenheit digit stops changing or when it oscillates between a larger or smaller value, the sensor has stabilized and the value can be recorded (if oscillating, always record the higher of the two values).
(c) Where AHSS units are used, watchstanders should take care not to shield the automated WBGT sensor from airflow or heat sources so that readings reflect an accurate watchstander stay time.
(3) Recording and Reporting Survey Results
(a) The heat stress surveyor must record survey readings (for the RSS 220 round to the nearest 0.1 degree Fahrenheit) to the OPNAV 5100/17 Heat Stress Monitoring Sheet. Ships using the Questemp 48N or the AHSS may use a computer printout for the heat stress survey sheet. The surveyor must use the WBGT index reading to determine the PHEL stay time per paragraph 4 (the AHSS provides stay time). The surveyor must record the PHEL curve used and the corresponding exposure time on the survey sheet. Upon completion of the survey and determination of PHEL stay times, the heat stress surveyor must note any stay times for manned watch or workstations that, under routine conditions, are less than the watch or work period. The surveyor must circle these readings on the sheet in red. The surveyor must notify space supervisors and responsible department heads immediately of the reduced exposure times. If a survey results in a PHEL stay time which is less than the work or watch period, the department head responsible for the space must promptly notify the commanding officer of the condition, indicating action being taken to protect personnel or to reduce the excessive heat-stress situation or both. The surveyor must record the following heat stress information, per subparagraphs 3c(3)(a)1 through 3c(3)(a)4, on the heat stress survey sheet manual or computer printout.
1. Date and time of survey.
2. In the follow-on survey block, identify a time and temperature.
3. Stations surveyed, including the following information in subparagraphs 3c(3)(a)3a through 3c(3)(a)3d for each station.
a. Time WBGT measurement was taken at the location
b. Hanging DB temperature. Not required for the automated system.
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B2-9 c. WBGT meter readings for DB, WB, GT, and WBGT.
d. PHEL curve for the station and the corresponding exposure time.
Note: Only the column that pertains to the current watch or work situation needs to be completed (e.g., all four columns do not need to be filled in).
4. The heat stress surveyor must check to ensure that the WB < DB; GT ≥ DB; and WB < WBGT < GT. Additional information on WBGT validation is contained in appendix B2-C.
(b) The heat stress surveyor must note any material deficiencies that may be contributing to adverse heat stress conditions and record them on the survey sheet. Additionally, personnel must comment on the availability of drinking water on the survey sheet.
(c) The surveyor must record the hanging DB temperatures on the heat stress survey sheet. If the difference between the hanging DB thermometer and the DB temperature measured with the WBGT meter, during a survey, is 5 degrees Fahrenheit or greater at any watch or workstation, the DB thermometer is not representative of the temperature at the workstation. Replace or validate the hanging DB by aligning the etch mark with the freezing point (32 degrees Fahrenheit). Comparing the hanging DB temperature values with the AHSS DB values is not required.
(d) Following the department head’s review, all OPNAV 5100/17s, including engineering, must be delivered to the MDR. The MDR must review all engineering and non- engineering heat stress surveys to determine obvious inaccuracies, reduced PHEL stay times, and any personnel protective actions being taken and submit heat stress survey sheets daily to the commanding officer. The commanding officer must initial the survey sheets, and return the sheets to the MDR. The MDR must retain heat stress surveys sheets for 1 year.
(4) Space Surveys. Ships must conduct the survey of spaces for heat stress using the WBGT meter or the AHSS.
(a) At all manned watch and workstations within the space whenever the temperature from a permanently mounted hanging DB thermometer reaches or exceeds the following temperature requirements:
PHEL I through III Watch/Work length 4 hours or less DB => 100 degrees Fahrenheit Watch/Work length greater than 4 hours DB => 90 degrees Fahrenheit PHEL IV through VI DB = 85 degrees Fahrenheit
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B2-10 Notes: (1 through 4)
1. Daily WBGT space surveys at the hottest time of the day are no longer required.
2. Shipboard conditions cannot be adequately addressed by a single DB value. For watches longer than 4 hours or activity levels greater than PHEL III, a 100 degrees Fahrenheit temperature would miss potentially serious heat stress conditions. The values listed above take into consideration likely levels of RH, watch duration’s, and levels of activity. Under normal operations, routine watches in engineering spaces are expected to be 4 hours at a PHEL III or lower. PHEL IV through VI applies to above average work rates.
3. WBGT readings are not required for spaces that are not manned with a routine watch but where a rover must periodically enter for a short period of time (e.g., less than 15 minutes) to perform some task (i.e., take equipment readings or fuel, oil, and water samples).
4. If the space temperature is less than 65 degrees Fahrenheit, heat stress surveys are not required. This is because the meter is not accurate below 65 degrees Fahrenheit.
(b) In any space when a heat injury (heat exhaustion or heat stroke) occurs.
(c) Prior to conducting engineering casualty control (ECC) drills:
1. if the drill-set exceeds 3 hours (not required in spaces not affected by the drill or in areas that are unmanned); and
2. if already in a reduced stay time, the surveyor must use the most current heat stress survey and calculate stay times for ECC watchstanders using the ECC PHEL values in appendix B2-A. The length of the exercises cannot exceed the watch PHEL stay times.
(d) In any unmanned space when personnel must perform work and DB temperatures exceed 90 degrees.
(e) In any space when the commanding officer determines that a heat stress situation may occur.
(f) As required for follow-on surveys (see subparagraph 3c(5)).
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B2-11 (5) Follow-on Surveys. Once a heat stress survey has been conducted, follow-on surveys for the remainder of that day and for subsequent days must be accomplished as identified below. Once the follow-on survey allows a return to normal watch periods, then a new WBGT survey would be required according to subparagraph 3c(4). Follow-on surveys must be accomplished using the WBGT meter as per the following subparagraphs 3c(5)(a) through 3c(5)(c).
(a) For engineering spaces on nuclear, gas turbine and diesel powered ships.
1. If the survey resulted in a PHEL stay time greater than the duration of the normal watch or work period and did not require a change from the normal watch and work time, then no further follow-on surveys are required unless the hanging DB temperature increases by more than 5 degrees Fahrenheit from the hanging DB temperature in the previous survey.
2. If the survey resulted in a PHEL stay time less than the duration of the manned watch or workstation then the watch and work times must be adjusted to reflect the new PHEL stay times indicated by the WBGT. A follow-on survey is only required if the hanging DB temperature increases by more than 5 degrees Fahrenheit or more from the hanging DB temperature in the previous survey. If the hanging DB temperature drops below the value in subparagraph 3c(4) and return to a normal watch and work time is desired, a survey must be conducted to ensure conditions allowing a return to normal watch and work periods have been reestablished.
(b) Two options are provided for follow-on surveys for engineering spaces on non- nuclear, steam-powered ships and for laundries, sculleries, galleys, steam catapult spaces and arresting gear spaces.
1. Follow-on surveys where WB and DB temperatures are not monitored and recorded each hour. Follow-on surveys must be conducted prior to the end of the current manned watch or work period as indicated in the previous survey. Follow-on surveys must continue to be conducted each watch and work period until the conditions specified in subparagraph 3c(4) no longer exist.
2. Follow-on surveys where WB and DB temperatures are monitored and recorded each hour at manned workstations.
a. If the WBGT survey resulted in a PHEL stay time greater than the duration of the normal watch or work period, a change from the normal watch and work time is not required. Follow-on surveys are not required unless the DB temperature increases by 5 degrees Fahrenheit or more or WB temperature increases by 3 degrees Fahrenheit or more from the DB and WB temperatures recorded from the previous survey. The DB and WB temperature must be measured each time using the same instrument or device. The WBGT meter, motorized
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B2-12 psychrometer, or commercially available hygrometer may be used to measure DB and WB temperature. If the DB temperature drops below the value in subparagraph 3c(4) and return to a normal watch and work time is desired, then a survey must be conducted to ensure conditions allowing a return to normal watch and work periods have been reestablished.
b. If the WBGT survey resulted in a PHEL stay time less than the duration of the manned watch, or work period, the watch and work time must be adjusted to reflect the new stay times indicated by the WBGT. Follow-on surveys are not required unless the DB temperature increases by 5 degrees Fahrenheit or more or WB temperature increases by 3 degrees Fahrenheit or more from the DB and WB temperatures recorded from the previous survey. The DB and WB temperature must be measured each time using the same instrument or device. The WBGT meter or commercially available hygrometer may be used to measure DB and WB temperature. If the DB temperature drops below the value in subparagraph 3c(4) and return to a normal watch and work time is desired, then a survey must be conducted to ensure conditions allowing a return to normal watch and work periods have been reestablished.
(c) A heat stress survey to restore the normal watch is not required at the end of the ECC drill set unless a DB temperature at any manned watch station exceeds the appropriate value identified in subparagraph 3c(4)(a).
(6) Time Weighted Mean (TWM) WBGT Values. The TWM WBGT is for use in especially hot environments where reduced stay times have been imposed on watch or work standers. The TWM WBGT is an optional, not mandatory provision, for use if an air- conditioned booth or cooler space is available for personnel to spend time in the cool climate and afford them some relief from the heat in the space. When implemented, the TWM changes the WBGT value for that individual and increases the length of time they can now spend at their watch or work station. Appendix B2-D provides ships that have this ability with a way of properly calculating the new WBGT value.
d. Recovery Time for Personnel Reaching Exposure Limits
(1) Supervisors must direct personnel standing watch or working in spaces in reduced stay times (except in operational emergencies as directed by the commanding officer) to leave the heat stress environment prior to the expiration of the PHEL stay time. These personnel must move to a cool, dry area conducive to rapid physiological recovery (an area with a DB temperature of 80 degrees Fahrenheit or less).
(2) Preferred recovery environments are those that are air conditioned per the guidance in reference (b). Provided there is no evidence of accumulated fatigue, the length of recovery time must be equal to twice the exposure time or 4 hours whichever is less. After completing the necessary recovery period in preferred environmental conditions, an individual who nonetheless remains tired, unable to carry out normal work requirements, or has an increased incidence of health disorders must be referred to the MDR for evaluation.
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B2-13 (3) Supervisors must direct personnel experiencing heat stress symptoms while standing watch or working in the workspace, to report immediately to the MDR for evaluation.
e. Recommendations for Working in Heat Stress Environments
(1) Drink more water than satisfies thirst, but not more than 1.5 liters (about one and half quarts) per hour. Do not wait until thirst transpires to start drinking (scuttlebutts must be readily available and in working order). It is important that personnel stay hydrated. Backpack-style devices (operated with a tube or straw) have proven very effective in helping personnel to stay hydrated. Water storage devices facilitating hydration, are available in the supply system (NSN 9Q-8465-01-396-9855) and may be helpful in preventing dehydration.
(2) Eat three well-balanced meals daily.
(3) Get adequate rest. At least 6 hours of continuous sleep per 24 hours is recommended.
(4) Do not take salt tablets unless under the direction and supervision of the MDR.
(5) Limit intake of caffeinated drinks.
(6) The fleet has used several cooling vests in the supply system in a limited capacity. Initial research on one of these vests shows that if properly used in a heat stress environment it can reduce thermal strain. However, when using cooling vests, personnel must adhere to PHEL stay times as described in this chapter until revised PHEL curves are established for the cooling vest.
Note: Using cooling vests that contain paraffin-based phase change material is not recommended. This material is flammable and may release toxic vapors when burning. The material safety data sheet (SDS) information should be reviewed prior to using any of these products. This material must be stored per the requirements for flammable material in reference (c).
4. PHEL Determination
a. PHEL stay time guidance is determined via two components: 1) The WBGT index provides a measure of environmental conditions (ambient DB temperature, moisture content or WB temperature of the air and radiant or black GT of the air), and 2) the amount of metabolic work of a particular job being performed must be known. The more strenuous the job, the shorter the allowable exposure time. The Navy has developed six PHEL curves, each applying to a different work rate, ranging from light work (PHEL curve I) to heavy work (PHEL curve VI). The PHEL curve stay time guidance was developed with the understanding that under extreme environmental conditions and heavy workloads, personnel may experience some level of heat strain. Additionally, under routine operations, core temperature may rise to 102.2 degrees
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B2-14 Fahrenheit (39 degrees Celsius) but will return to normal with the appropriate recovery time. The PHEL curve general applicability table (table B2-A-1) in appendix B2-A provides the applicable stay times allowed for a specific types of work. For types of work not presented in table B2-A-1, the MDR should consult reference (b), article 3-8, and reference (d), section C2.3.16. For comparison, examples of light work include sweeping down, painting, adjusting automatic combustion controls, changing and cleaning lube oil strainers, and bleeding hydraulic oil. Examples of heavy work include manually chipping and wire brushing in preparation for painting, handling cargo and supplies, replacing large valves, cleaning lube oil sumps, and disassembly or reassembly of large or heavy equipment. The PHEL curves were developed and are accurate for normal, healthy, heat-acclimatized personnel who have had adequate rest, (6- hours continuous sleep in the last 24 hours), adequate water intake, and adequate recovery time from previous heat stress exposure (2 hours recovery for every 1 hour exposure or 4 hours maximum). Personnel are assumed to be wearing clothing consisting of a least 35 percent cotton fiber, not containing starch, and readily permeable to water transfer. Figure B2-A-1 represents the PHEL curves plotted on a PHEL chart. Table B2-A-2 presents the PHEL chart in a tabular format. Table B2-A-3 presents the PHEL values applicable when fuel combustion gases are present.
b. Procedures
(1) Curve Selection
(a) Routine Operations. Applicable PHEL curves should be determined by selecting the appropriate curve listed in table B2-A-1.
(b) Non-routine Operations. Non-routine operations, such as performing operations in out-of-normal plant configurations, increases in normal watchstander work rate, and minor equipment casualties require the use of the next higher number curve above that specified in table B2-A-1 for routine operations. For example, if the stay time for a particular watchstander is determined to be PHEL curve I during normal operations, then the exposure limit for the watchstander should be determined using PHEL curve II during difficult or more active than normal watches.
(c) ECC Exercises. Watchstanders must have their stay times determined by selecting the appropriate curve listed in table B2-A-1.
(d) Heavy Work. Personnel conducting heavy repairs or other strenuous work must have their stay time determined by using PHEL curve VI.
(2) Effects of Personnel Health Status on Curve Selection. As indicated, the PHEL curves and the assignment in table B2-A-1 are based on normal, healthy personnel who have
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B2-15 adequate rest and recovery from previous heat stress exposures. Personnel having repetitive exposures to heat stress without sufficient recovery may experience cumulative fatigue. Additionally, personnel with a respiratory system cold or infection, or both, lacking sufficient sleep (less than 6 hours in the past 24 hours), experiencing dehydration, having clinically confirmed hypertension or taking medication which adversely effects body temperature are much more prone to heat injuries. Maximum exposure limits for these personnel cannot be reliably predicted using the PHEL chart in table B2-A-1. The senior MDR on a case-by-case basis must determine appropriate exposure limits for these personnel.
(3) Curve Selection if Personnel Heat Injuries Occur. If, after determining personnel stay times per this section, a heat exhaustion or heat stroke occurs, then the stay times for all other personnel in the space must immediately be reduced by recalculating stay times using the next numerically higher PHEL curve than specified by table B2-A-1. The work and health status of the individual suffering the injury must be reviewed. When the cause of the injury has been reasonably resolved, the stay times for personnel in the space must be determined using the latest WBGT index and the normally appropriate curves as indicated in table B2-A-1.
(4) WBGT and PHEL Determination. The heat stress surveyor must use the PHEL table (table B2-A-2). To use the PHEL table, the heat stress surveyor must first round the recorded WBGT index to the next higher whole number value. This can be done easily as the WBGT index is recorded in tenths of a degree Fahrenheit. For example: 85.1 degrees Fahrenheit would be rounded to 86 degrees Fahrenheit and 89.9 degrees Fahrenheit would be rounded to 90 degrees Fahrenheit; but 92.0 degrees Fahrenheit would remain 92 degrees Fahrenheit. Using the whole number value of the WBGT index, the heat stress surveyor would obtain the permissible stay time in hours and minutes under the column for the PHEL curve determined using table B2- A-2. Hence, for a recorded WBGT index of 85.1 degrees Fahrenheit or 85.8 degrees Fahrenheit the stay time for PHEL curve III is 5 hours and 55 minutes.
(5) Stay Time Guidance. The current WBGT and PHEL stay-time guidance for each watchstander can be read from any of the AHSS computer workstations.
(6) Impact of Personal Status Change on Exposure Limits. If a person’s status changes during the period of a watch (e.g., the person assumes a watch in a different location or works at a different exertion level), stay times must be computed using the procedures for remaining safe stay times provided in reference (c), article 3-8.h.
(7) Impact of Fuel Combustion Gases (Stack Gas) and Fuel Vapors on Exposure Limits
(a) Fuel combustion gases (stack gas) and fuel vapors can have severe physiological impact on personnel. The effects of these environmental factors are intensified by heat stress. Heat stress causes the body to shunt blood to the skin and to cause skin blood vessel vasodilatation to remove heat. Also, exposure to fuel combustion gases and fuel vapors causes
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B2-16 blood vessels in the skin to vasodilate. Blood vessel vasodilatation is greater from combustible gases or fuel vapors and heat stress in combination than vasodilatation from either separately. Personnel experiencing heat stress while exposed to combustible gases or fuel vapors results in increased vasodilatation, which in turn causes increased skin absorption of the combustible gases or fuel vapors. Also, the synergistic combination of vasodilatation from heat stress and from combustible gases or fuel vapors impairs the individual's cardiac reserve (i.e., their physiologic capacity to respond to further stress by pumping more blood). Prolonged exposure to relatively low concentrations can impact the ability of personnel to work safely. If someone entering a workspace or area for the first time in approximately 4 hours or more can smell the odor of stack gas or fuel vapors, then a harmful concentration may be present. Personnel should be checked for the symptoms in the following subparagraphs 4b(7)(a)1 through 4b(7)(a)4.
1. Eyes watering or burning, or both.
2. Difficulty breathing
3. Tingling or numbness of the tip of the tongue, tip of the nose, finger tips and toes.
4. Generalized sensation of mild alcoholic intoxication without alcohol consumption within the past 24 hours.
(b) If two or more of the above symptoms or symptom per subparagraph 4b(7)(a)4 (even if alone) are exhibited, then exposure limits must be reduced as per the below subparagraphs 4b(7)(b)1 through 4b(7)(b)3.
1. Prompt removal of affected personnel to fresh air is essential.
2. Using the latest WBGT index values, determine the PHEL stay time by using table B2-A-3.
3. Calculate the PHEL stay time for existing heat stress conditions per subparagraph 4b(4), and divide that stay time by three to obtain the new stay time. For example, if the exposure limit due to heat stress is 4 hours, then the exposure limit with stack gas and or fuel vapors present would be reduced to 1 hour and 20 minutes.
5. Training
a. The MDR must provide heat stress training for all newly reporting personnel during indoctrination and annually thereafter. At a minimum this training must include:
(1) heat stress health hazards,
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B2-17 (2) symptoms of excessive heat stress exposure,
(3) heat stress first aid procedures,
(4) heat stress monitoring, and
(5) causes of heat stress conditions.
b. Heat-stress surveyors assigned to perform WBGT surveys must be trained and qualified using the heat stress monitor watch station 318 of the engineering collateral PQS, NAVEDTRA 43704 within 12 weeks of assignment.
c. Training information on the AHSS is available in the technical manual.
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B2-A-1 Appendix A of Section B, Chapter 2 APPENDIX B2-A PHEL CURVE GENERAL APPLICABILITY SELECTION
Table B2-A-1
PHEL Curve General Applicability Table
PERSONNEL PHEL CURVE
Routine Casualty Watch Control Drills *
I. Steam Propelled Ships
A. Propulsion Spaces 1. BTOW II III (Boiler Technician of the Watch) 2. Console Operator I I 3. Upper Levelman (checkman) II III 4. Lower Levelman II III 5. MFP (Main Feed Pump) Watch II III 6. Burnerman II III 7. EOOW I I (Engineering Officer of the Watch) 8. MMOW II III (Machinist’s Mate of the Watch) 9. Throttleman I I 10. EMOW I I (Electrician Mate of the Watch) 11. Upper Levelman (SSTG) II III (Ship Service Turbine Generator) 12. Lower Levelman II III (Lube Oil/Condensate) 13. Evaporator Watch I II 14. Messenger (see note below) III IV
Note: Messenger stay times should be determined by taking the average of all WBGT index values for the space not including the console booth. In most cases, this will give a longer stay time than using PHEL curve values listed for the messenger above.
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B2-A-2 Appendix A of Section B, Chapter 2 B. Auxiliary Spaces 1. All Watches II
II. Diesel Propelled Ships
A. All Engineering Watch Personnel I II (unless specified below)
B. Evaporator Watch II II
C. Messenger III IV
III. Gas Turbine Propelled Ships
A. CG 47 Class Ships 1. All Engineering Watch I II Personnel
B. DDG-51 Class Ships 1. All Engineering Watch Personnel II III (unless specified below) 2. Sounding and Security Watch III
*Includes restricted maneuvering
IV. Steam Catapult Spaces
A. All Watches II II
V. All Other Surface Ship Spaces
A. ECC Monitors and Inspectors I II
B. Laundry Personnel III NA (not applicable)
C. Scullery Personnel V NA
D. Galley and Food Service Line Personnel II NA
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B2-A-3 Appendix A of Section B, Chapter 2 VI. Submarines
A. Engine Room 1. EOOW I 2. Engineering Watch Station II III 3. Throttleman I I 4. Reactor Operator I I 5. Electrical Operator I I 6. Upper Level II III 7. Lower Level II III 8. Evaporator Watch I II 9. Engineering Drill Monitors NA II
B. Auxiliary Spaces 1. All Watches II II
C. Other Spaces 1. Food Service Personnel II NA
FIGURE B2-A-1
Exposure Time (Hrs) 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I II IIIIV V VI WBGT Index (F) PHEL CHART (Curves I - VI)
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
B2-A-4 Appendix A of Section B, Chapter 2 Table B2-A-2 PHYSIOLOGICAL HEAT EXPOSURE LIMITS (PHEL) TIME TABLE (Without the presence of fuel combustion gases and fuel vapors)
Six PHEL Curves (Total Exposure Time in Hours:Minutes) WBGT Index (F) I II III IV V VI 80.0 >8:00 >8:00 >8:00 8:00 6:35 4:30 81.0 >8:00 >8:00 >8:00 7:45 6:00 4:05 82.0 >8:00 >8:00 8:00 7:05 5:25 3:40 83.0 >8:00 8:00 7:45 6:25 4:55 3:20 84.0 >8:00 8:00 7:05 5:55 4:30 3:05 85.0 8:00 7:45 6:30 5:20 4:05 2:50 86.0 8:00 7:05 5:55 4:55 3:45 2:35 87.0 7:25 6:30 5:25 4:30 3:25 2:20 88.0 6:45 5:55 4:55 4:05 3:10 2:10 89.0 6:10 5:25 4:30 3:45 2:50 2:00 90.0 5:40 5:00 4:10 3:25 2:40 1:50 91.0 5:15 4:35 3:50 3:10 2:25 1:40 92.0 4:50 4:10 3:30 2:55 2:15 1:30 93.0 4:25 3:50 3:15 2:40 2:00 1:25 94.0 4:05 3:35 3:00 2:25 1:50 1:15 95.0 3:45 3:15 2:45 2:15 1:45 1:10 96.0 3:25 3:00 2:30 2:05 1:35 1:05 97.0 3:10 2:45 2:20 1:55 1:25 1:00 98.0 2:55 2:35 2:10 1:45 1:20 0:55 99.0 2:40 2:20 2:00 1:40 1:15 0:50 100.0 2:30 2:10 1:50 1:30 1:10 0:45 101.0 2:20 2:00 1:40 1:25 1:05 0:45 102.0 2:10 1:50 1:35 1:15 1:00 0:40 103.0 2:00 1:45 1:25 1:10 0:55 0:35 104.0 1:50 1:35 1:20 1:05 0:50 0:35 105.0 1:40 1:30 1:15 1:00 0:45 0:30 106.0 1:35 1:25 1:10 0:55 0:45 0:30 107.0 1:30 1:15 1:05 0:50 0:40 0:25 108.0 1:20 1:10 1:00 0:50 0:35 0:25 109.0 1:15 1:05 0:55 0:45 0:35 0:25 110.0 1:10 1:00 0:50 0:40 0:30 0:20 111.0 1:05 1:00 0:50 0:40 0:30 0:20 112.0 1:00 0:55 0:45 0:35 0:25 0:20 113.0 0:55 0:50 0:40 0:35 0:25 0:15 114.0 0:55 0:45 0:40 0:30 0:25 0:15 115.0 0:50 0:45 0:35 0:30 0:20 0:15 116.0 0:45 0:40 0:35 0:25 0:20 0:15 117.0 0:45 0:40 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:10 118.0 0:40 0:35 0:30 0:25 0:15 0:10 119.0 0:35 0:35 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:10 120.0 0:35 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:10 121.0 0:35 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:10 122.0 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:15 0:10 123.0 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:10 0:10 124.0 0:25 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:10 0:05
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
B2-A-5 Appendix A of Section B, Chapter 2 TABLE B2-A-3 (With the presence of fuel combustion gases and fuel vapors)
Six PHEL Curves (Total Exposure Time in Hours:Minutes) WBGT Index (F) I II III IV V VI 80.0 4:50 4:15 3:30 2:55 2:15 1:30 81.0 4:25 3:50 3:10 2:40 2:00 1:20 82.0 4:00 3:30 2:55 2:25 1:50 1:15 83.0 3:40 3:10 2:40 2:10 1:40 1:10 84.0 3:20 2:55 2:25 2:00 1:30 1:00 85.0 3:00 2:40 2:10 1:50 1:25 0:55 86.0 2:45 2:25 2:00 1:40 1:15 0:50 87.0 2:30 2:10 1:50 1:30 1:10 0:45 88.0 2:20 2:00 1:40 1:25 1:05 0:40 89.0 2:05 1:50 1:30 1:15 1:00 0:40 90.0 1:55 1:40 1:25 1:10 0:55 0:35 91.0 1:45 1:30 1:15 1:05 0:50 0:30 92.0 1:35 1:25 1:10 1:00 0:45 0:30 93.0 1:30 1:20 1:05 0:55 0:40 0:25 94.0 1:20 1:10 1:00 0:50 0:35 0:25 95.0 1:15 1:05 0:55 0:45 0:35 0:20 96.0 1:10 1:00 0:50 0:40 0:30 0:20 97.0 1:10 0:55 0:45 0:40 0:30 0:20 98.0 1:05 0:50 0:40 0:35 0:25 0:15 99.0 0:55 0:45 0:40 0:30 0:25 0:15 100.0 0:50 0:45 0:35 0:30 0:20 0:15 101.0 0:45 0:40 0:35 0:25 0:20 0:15 102.0 0:40 0:35 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:10 103.0 0:40 0:35 0:30 0:25 0:15 0:10 104.0 0:35 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:10 105.0 0:35 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:10 106.0 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:20 0:15 0:10 107.0 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:10 0:10 108.0 0:25 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:10 0:05 109.0 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:15 0:10 0:05 110.0 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:15 0:10 0:05 111.0 0:20 0:20 0:15 0:10 0:10 0:05 112.0 0:20 0:15 0:15 0:10 0:10 0:05 113.0 0:20 0:15 0:15 0:10 0:05 0:05 114.0 0:15 0:15 0:10 0:10 0:05 0:05 115.0 0:15 0:15 0:10 0:10 0:05 0:05 116.0 0:15 0:10 0:10 0:10 0:05 0:05 117.0 0:15 0:10 0:10 0:05 0:05 0:05
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
B2-B-1 Appendix B of Section B, Chapter 2 APPENDIX B2-B VENTILATION TROUBLE-SHOOTING AND REPAIR ACTIONS
VENTILATION: If a ventilation problem is suspected, the below information may assist in determining the cause of the problem. Recommend NTSMs also be consulted for ventilation troubleshooting.
STANDARDS HOW TO MEASURE DISCREPANCIES
CAUSES
RECOMMENDED ACTION 1. VENTILATION NSTM 510, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems for Surface Ships
a. Supply (1) Flow
Duct velocity 2500 to 3500 fpm
Velocity of airflow at watchstander (NAVMED P- 5010-3) about 250 fpm minimum
Anemometer
Inlet obstructed
Dirty screens
Wrong screen mesh (1-1/2 inches required)
Toxic gas vent dampers closed
Vent duct pressure losses due to dirty ductwork, leaks, unauthorized openings or missing access covers Supply terminal obstructed
Terminal inoperable or missing
Remove obstructions
Clean Screens
Replace with proper size mesh
Open and repair dampers
Clean, repair or replace
Clean the terminal
Replace terminal
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
B2-B-2 Appendix B of Section B, Chapter 2
STANDARDS HOW TO MEASURE DISCREPANCIES
CAUSES
RECOMMENDED ACTION (2) Flow (continued) Supply fan not working properly:
-Motor speed low (single phase or miswired)
-Controller defective
-Improper speed with exhaust fan
-Failed motor bearings
Supply air short circuited by exhaust terminal Repair
Repair
Repair/Replace
Repair fan interlock
Repair
Relocate supply or exhaust terminal At least one supply terminal at each watch-stander station without damper, which can be pointed at the watch- stander Visual Incorrect terminal type (should be corrosion resistant steel)
Terminal damper is not removed Replace terminal
Remove damper High efficiency filters (HEPA) are dirty. (Ships equipped with a collective protection system (CPS)) HEPA filter differential pressure gauge. (See PMS) Continuous use in a dirty environment such as an industrial availability or sand storm) Replace filters
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
B2-B-3 Appendix B of Section B, Chapter 2 b. Exhaust Refer to specific HVAC Design Criteria Manual (DCM) for ship class. If no specific DCM exists for the ship class in question, refer to NAVSEA 0938-018-0010 (HVAC DCM for Surface Ships). Exhaust ventilation is to be: -125% o - 125% of supply ventilation for 1200 pounds per square inch (psi) steam ships. -115% o - 115% of supply ventilation for other ships except CPS ships -equal to supply ventilation on CPS ships plus sweep air from type II airlocks Anemometer Exhaust fan not working properly:
- Motor speed low (single phase or miss-wired)
- Controller defective
-Improper speed with exhaust fan
-Failed motor bearings
Repair
Repair
Repair fan interlock
Repair Space pressure negative at ¼ to ½ inch of water is mandatory with supply and exhaust fans at the same speed (airflow should be into space when access is opened) U-Tube Manometer Exhaust inlet or outlet obstructed.
Dirty screens.
Wrong screen mesh (1-1/2 inches required. Remove obstructions.
Clean Screens.
Replace with proper size mesh. Feel/Visual Vent duct pressure losses due to dirty ductwork, leaks, unauthorized openings or missing access covers. Clean, repair or replace
Open and repair dampers
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
B2-B-4 Appendix B of Section B, Chapter 2 Toxic gas vent dampers closed Exhaust terminals in hot spots Feel/Visual Relocate terminal
2. INSULATION
a. Piping and Machinery NSTM 635, Thermal, Fire and Acoustic Insulation Insulate all surfaces with temp. >125 °F. Material/thickness per MIL- STD-769
Visual Check
Deteriorated cracked, worn, damaged
High traffic, walkway, standing, use of chain falls, etc.
Replace and install metal lagging/shielding
Wet (water, oil, etc.) Frequently occurring external leak Replace and cover with metal lagging/shielding
Internal/external one-time leak Replace Missing insulation
Removed for access Replace
Replaceable pad missing Valve bonnets, etc Install replaceable pad
b. After insulation is installed, surface temperature should not exceed 125 °F. Infrared handgun/ pyrometer-Note 1 Surface temp too high. Insulation deteriorated/ compacted.
Insulation too thin. Increase insulation thickness.
Paint surface with aluminum paint.
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
B2-C-1 Appendix C of Section B, Chapter 2 APPENDIX B2-C USE OF THE WBGT METER
1. WBGT Meter. The basic instrument for assessing heat stress is the WBGT meter, a small, lightweight, portable instrument. The WBGT meter measures DB, WB, and GT and electronically integrates these values into the WBGT Index. There are currently two meters available in the fleet: the RSS-220 meter and the Questemp 48N. Each meter is assembled and operated per its technical manual and the guidance contained within this manual. Calibration of portable meters is every 3 years. Specific instructions for requisitioning and turn-in of units are available from TYCOMs. The AEL for the meters is AEL 2-870003051. Supply information for the meter and accessories is per the following subparagraphs 1a and 1b.
a. Model RSS-220 (Note: No longer manufactured). Standard nickel cadmium rechargeable size AA batteries. (NSN 9G-6140-00-449-6001)
b. Questemp 48N
(1) Heat stress monitor. (NSN 6685-01-584-0785)
(2) Standard size 9-volt batteries (see the technical manual for approved batteries).
2. WBGT Index. Environmental data displayed by the WBGT meter (heat stress monitor) are:
a. DB temperature;
b. WB temperature;
c. GT - this temperature is an integration of radiant and convective (the heating or cooling effects of air movement) heat transfer (heat gained or lost); and
d. WBGT Index - the meter calculates this value using the following mathematical equation:
WBGT = (0.1 X DB) + (0.7 x WB) + (0.2 x GT)
3. Use of the WBGT Meter (RSS-220)
a. The procedure for turning on the WBGT meter readies it for operation. The turn-on procedure is per the below subparagraphs 3a(1) through 3a(5).
(1) Install the globe sensor by pushing the phone jack on the base of the sensor into the receptacle on top of the meter. Hold the globe sensor by its phone jack end, not by the black sphere. The globe can easily be damaged by squeezing, bumping, or dropping.
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
B2-C-2 Appendix C of Section B, Chapter 2 (2) Fill the WB water reservoir. The reservoir is accessible through the end of the tunnel marked WATER FILL. When filled, water should completely cover the sponge and be well below the level of the tunnel. Excess water can be poured out of the tunnel end. Be careful to keep the DB sensor dry. If it becomes wet, dry it with tissue or a soft cloth before operating the meter.
(3) Turn the power switch to “CHECK.” Listen for the sound of the aspirating fan and see digits on the display.
(4) Turn the measurement function switch to DB, WB, GT, and WBGT. Wait 5 minutes for the initial DB reading. Wait 3 minutes for subsequent readings. Each position will give a display reading of 100.0 + 0.2 degrees Fahrenheit, if the meter is operating properly. If the proper reading cannot be obtained, do not use the meter.
(5) Turn the power switch to “ON.”
b. Take measurements in the order in which the meter will display data (DB, WB, GT, and WBGT Index) as the parameter selection switch is rotated clockwise from the DB position. This is the order in which the individual sensors will stabilize the quickest). Ensure temperature readings are properly recorded per subparagraph 3c(3). As the meter is moved from one site to another, the meter should be at each site for 5 minutes to allow for stabilization of the first DB reading in the series to be taken. To determine when each sensor has stabilized, the monitor should watch the 0.1 degree Fahrenheit digit of the display. When the 0.1 degree Fahrenheit digit stops changing or when it oscillates between a larger or smaller value, the sensor has stabilized and the value can be recorded. (If oscillating, always record the higher of the two values.)
c. While taking readings, hold the meter about chest high, 1 foot away from the body. If there is airflow at the reading location, the meter should be positioned to allow the airflow to enter the left side of the meter.
4. Use of the Heat Stress Monitor (Questemp 48N)
a. The procedure for turning on the WBGT meter readies it for operation. The turn-on procedure is per the below subparagraphs 4a(1) through 4a(5).
(1) Press the I/O Enter key to turn on. The first start-up screen details the name, type of instrument. The second start-up screen gives the revision and battery power (ensure the battery level does not fall below 6.4V).
(2) Next is the index start-up screen. After it appears press the I/O Enter key. The log rate start-up screen will be the last start-up screen, press the I/O Enter key.
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
B2-C-3 Appendix C of Section B, Chapter 2 (3) The main menu screen will appear next. The indicator arrow can be moved by pressing the up and down arrow keys.
(4) If the meter has not been previously setup then move the indicator arrow next to Setup and press the I/O Enter key. The following setup selection screens will appear. Use the I/O Enter key to select the appropriate values.
(a) Time and Date – Set to current time and date.
(b) Temperature – Set to Fahrenheit.
(c) Language – Set to English.
(d) Log Rate – optional, used if machine will log temperatures.
(e) Index setting – Set to PHEL.
(f) Exit Setup by pressing the Run/Stop key.
(5) At the main menu select the view screen and use the I/O Enter key to view each display. Displays will appear in the following order:
(a) The WB and DB display.
(b) The GT and RH percentage display.
(c) The WBGT value display.
(d) The time and date display.
(e) The battery and memory display.
(f) The Navy PHEL curve 5 and 6 display.
(g) The Navy PHEL curve 3 and 4 display.
(h) The Navy PHEL curve 1 and 2 display.
Note: The Navy PHEL curve gives the recommended working hours and minutes corresponding to the WBGT value.
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
B2-C-4 Appendix C of Section B, Chapter 2 b. While taking readings, hold the meter about chest high, 18 inches away from the body. Wait 10 minutes after turning the monitor on until taking the initial reading. As the meter is moved from one site to another, the meter should be at each site for 5 minutes to allow for stabilization. Ensure temperature readings are properly recorded per subparagraph 3c(3).
5. Use of the AHSS
a. Viewing and Printing AHSS Data
(1) The AHSS computer workstation displays, stores and prints the heat stress information. The information on the monitor is updated each minute and stored each hour. A DB log is available which displays the DB temperature values for each location. The AHSS software allows the workspace supervisor to review the DB log and enter the appropriate comments which will also record the time of the DB log review.
(2) A complete listing of all the WBGT and PHEL curve data are stored hourly and are available for review.
(3) The AHSS provides the ability to conduct a real-time and immediate heat stress survey. The heat stress survey printout includes the current WBGT and PHEL curve stay time information. Additionally, the AHSS software performs the comparison checks to verify that DB > WB, GT ≥ DB, and GT > WBGT > WB.
b. AHSS Operations
(1) The AHSS unit has four sensor channels, from left to right, the first is capped, the second has the DB sensor, the third has the RH sensor, the fourth has the GT (black globe) sensor. The WB value is calculated from the DB and RH values. The light-emitting diode (LED) lights for the AHSS unit should be red, green, green, green indicating that the AHSS unit and the three sensors are operating correctly.
(2) A DB and GT value of 32 displayed on the AHSS workstation denotes a sensor failure and the LED light will be red. Follow the procedures in the AHSS technical manual to determine if the DB or GT sensor can become operational. If not, connect a spare sensor in the appropriate DB or GT channel, re-power the AHSS unit, and arrange to have the faulty sensor repaired.
(3) A RH value of either 5 or 98 displayed on the AHSS workstation denotes a sensor has drifted low or high and the LED light will be red. Follow the procedures in the AHSS technical manual to re-align low and high set points using the 33 percent and 75 percent RH salt solutions. If not, connect a spare sensor in the RH channel, re-power the AHSS unit, follow the RH sensor calibration procedures, and arrange to have the faulty sensor repaired. Note that the RH salts are
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
B2-C-5 Appendix C of Section B, Chapter 2 a disposable item with a 1-year shelf life and must be replaced each year. Ordering information is provided in the AHSS technical manual. Refer to the AHSS technical manual for a comprehensive review of the AHSS procedures.
6. Periodic WBGT Meter Validation. During reviews of heat stress monitoring sheets by the MDR, the department head, and other supervisors, the temperature and WBGT Index values should be spot-checked to determine obvious errors. The validation rules in the following subparagraphs 6a through 6d should be applied.
a. WB temperatures must be less than DB temperatures (WB < DB).
Note: If the WB temperature equals the DB temperature for the RSS 220 then the wick over the WB sensor is probably dried out. Check that there is water in the WB reservoir.
b. GT for each set of readings should be greater than or equal to DB temperature for the same set of readings (GT > DB).
c. WBGT Index must be greater than WB temperature and less than the GT (WB <WBGT < GT).
d. If any of the temperatures does not agree with the validation rules then the heat stress meter technical manual should be consulted for trouble shooting procedures.
Note: Manual calculation of the WBGT value is not required for the AHSS, Questemp 48N, or the RSS-220.
OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019
B2-D-1 Appendix D of Section B, Chapter 2 APPENDIX B2-D TIME WEIGHTED MEAN (TWM) WBGT VALUES
Time Weighted Mean (TWM) WBGT Values. The TWM WBGT is intended for use in especially hot environments where reduced stay times have been imposed on watchstanders. The TWM WBGT is an optional provision, for use if an air-conditioned booth or cooler space is available for personnel to spend time in the cooler climate and afford some relief from the heat in the space. When the TWM is used it changes the WBGT value for that individual and increases the length of time spent at watch stations. Ships that have this ability may properly calculate the new WBGT value using the following equation:
Time(booth) = [WBGT (watch station) – WBGT (desired)] x 60 [WBGT (watch station) – WBGT (booth/cool space)]
For example: Engineering spaces on a guided missile destroyer (DDG) in the Indian Ocean are on a 4-hour watch rotation. The temperature on a hanging DB thermometer in a main space measured 101 degrees Fahrenheit during the latest heat-stress survey:
Engine Room Operator WBGT = 92, PHEL = II, Stay time = 4:10 Central Control Station (CCS) (top watch) WBGT = 90; PHEL = II; Stay time = 5:40 Propulsion System Monitor WBGT = 92; PHEL = III; Stay time = 3:30
The propulsion system monitor has a stay time less than 4 hours while the other watch stations have stay times that are equal to or greater than 4 hours. The engineering officer decides to incorporate a TWM WBGT for the propulsion system monitor to maintain a 4-hour watch for all watch space personnel. He or she looks up the WBGT value (in the PHEL time table in appendix B2-A) to achieve a 4-hour stay time (90 WBGT = stay time of 4 hours) and does the calculation. The time that the propulsion system monitor must spend outside the engine room in a cooler space each hour to achieve a 4-hour watch would be calculated as follows:
For the Propulsion System Monitor:
Time (booth) = [WBGT (watch station)– WBGT (desired)] X 60 [WBGT (watch station) – WBGT (booth/cool space)]
The 90 WBGT value is from the PHEL table in appendix B2-A.
Time (booth) = [92 – 90] X 60 = 10 minutes [92-80]
TWM WBGT information must be documented on the heat stress survey sheet.