CHAPTER 1 Aviation Maritime Search and Rescue Procedures
NTTP 3-50.1 1-1 SEP 2013 CHAPTER 1 Aviation Maritime Search and Rescue Procedures 1.1 MARITIME ENVIRONMENT By the very nature of the naval mission, the search and rescue (SAR) procedures most frequently used by the Navy are those employed within the maritime environment. This chapter establishes the standardized procedures for naval aviation SAR crews. Surface ship procedures are detailed in chapter 2. Submarine procedures are contained in ATP-57. While search procedures are well established and discussed in detail in the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual (IAMSAR) (JCS 3-50), rescue procedures are less well defined and require tailoring to the particular situation. The condition of the survivor(s), the presence of a parachute, floating debris, fire, sea state, etc., all affect the rescue procedures. This section discusses the basic procedures that are to be used for rescue. 1.2 SEARCH 1.2.1 Search Planning Factors involved in search planning are covered in detail in the IAMSAR, volumes I and II, as modified by the United States National Search and Rescue Supplement (NSRS). The extent of required planning will depend on the circumstances. For instance, the planning required for a SAR launch off an aircraft carrier (CV) in daylight, when the survivor is in sight from the flight deck, is much different from that for a launch off the same CV at night to a survivor 35 miles at sea. (Paragraph 1.9 discusses conditions of readiness.) Search planning must begin well in advance of any search and rescue situation. The assets available and their capabilities must be known beforehand. Particularly, information such as navigation, communication, and time-on-station capabilities must be readily available. 1.2.2 Search and Rescue Organization 1.2.2.1 SAR Coordinator The rescue coordination centers (RCCs), which are established worldwide by geographic location, handle the function of the SAR coordinator and, if not directly involved in the search operation, shall be informed and kept abreast of the progress of the search. 1.2.2.2 SAR Mission Coordinator While the SAR coordinator generally designates the search and rescue mission coordinator (SMC) for the specific SAR mission, in the case of a military search the officer in tactical command (OTC) or unit designated by the OTC shall assume the duties of SAR mission coordinator. The duties of SMC are outlined in the IAMSAR and NSRS.
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-2 1.2.2.3 On-Scene Commander An on-scene commander (OSC) shall be designated by the SMC. In a search being coordinated by an on-scene SMC, the OSC duties may be handled by the SMC. Generally, the first search unit to arrive on scene or the unit with the best capability is designated OSC. The duties of OSC are detailed in the IAMSAR and NSRS. 1.2.3 Search Brief The units involved in a search shall receive from the SMC or OSC a complete brief of the search object including size, color, number of survivors, survival equipment, and weather conditions at the search scene. Aircraft commanders shall brief their crews in scanning procedures in accordance with (IAW) the IAMSAR and NSRS. The importance of the search brief and planning cannot be overemphasized. As much as possible, search organization and planning should be done before arrival at the scene. Time consumed for these activities after arrival can mean the difference between life and death to the survivor(s). Sweep width, search pattern selection, and track spacing should be determined as soon as possible so the search can begin immediately upon arrival at the scene. 1.2.4 Search Execution The IAMSAR and NSRS details the search patterns and the criteria for pattern selection. The SMC and OSC shall designate the search area for the individual units, shall assign search altitude, search pattern, and track spacing, and will detail communication procedures. The IAMSAR and NSRS and NWP 3-22.5-SAR-TAC, Navy Search and Rescue Information Document discuss search planning and execution. En route planning should be accompanied in the cockpit using NWP 3-22.5-SAR-TAC. Note Survivor detection probability during night/instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) can be enhanced by using forward-looking infrared (FLIR)-equipped aircraft, and/or by providing aircrews/ship lookouts with night vision goggles (NVGs). 1.2.5 Survivor Sighting Upon making a sighting, the scanner shall call out the position, by the clock method (relative to the nose of the aircraft), and the distance to the survivor. Generally, the pilot at controls (PAC) should turn so the scanner making the sighting can keep the survivor/object in sight until the PAC has visual contact. An alternate method of survivor localization that is especially effective at night or in low-visibility situations is shown in figure 1-1. The scanner spots the survivor in the water and reports: I HAVE SURVIVOR IN SIGHT AT __ O’CLOCK, __ YARDS. A crewman immediately deploys two smoke or sea markers and reports: MARKERS AWAY. The pilot not at controls (PNAC) notes the magnetic bearing to the survivor. The PAC commences a turn away from the survivor and descends to rescue pattern altitude, a turn planned so as to pass over the markers on a magnetic heading to the survivor. If the survivor is not sighted, and it is determined that the survivor has been overflown, additional markers should be deployed and a search then commenced between the two points. 1.2.6 Fixed-Wing Sighting If a fixed-wing aircraft spots the survivor, a search and rescue unit (SRU) (helicopter or ship) shall be notified, and the fixed-wing aircraft making the sighting shall remain overhead to provide heading/distance information to the SRU. Upon arrival of the SRU, the fixed-wing aircraft, flying overhead, may serve as a valuable communications link.
NTTP 3-50.1 1-3 SEP 2013
Figure 1-1. Survivor Sighting Procedures
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-4 Note The AN/SSQ-83 SAR buoy is no longer in use. The AN/SSQ-57 sonobuoy tuned to channel 15 (172.75 very high frequency (VHF)/345.5 ultrahigh frequency (UHF)-DF) will be used as a replacement in P-3 aircraft. 1.3 RESCUE PROCEDURES 1.3.1 Assessing the Rescue Situation Assessing the rescue situation begins with the crew brief and continues until survivor recovery. The following factors shall be continuously assessed, and any changes/updates shall be communicated to the entire crew: 1. Number/type of survivor(s): Military or civilian 2. Location of survivors, their relation to, and distance from each other and the SRU 3. Visible, and/or known injuries of the survivor(s): a. Mechanism of injury (MOI) b. Conscious/unconscious c. Visible bleeding d. Environmental injuries e. Broken bones. 4. Flotation devices inflated/not inflated/survivor face down in water. 5. Parachute entanglement problem/presence of a ballooned parachute. 6. Day or night/sea state/wind direction/water temperature. 7. Cooperative/uncooperative/combative survivor(s). 8. Fuel in the water. 9. Debris littering scene, and its relation to the survivor. 10. Presence of sea predators. 11. Feasibility of attempting multiple/single rescue. 12. Rescue order established according to apparent inju ries. The survivor with the worst injuries shall be rescued first. 13. Rescue swimmer (RS) deployment options. 14. Other available rescue assets to assist.
NTTP 3-50.1 1-5 SEP 2013 1.3.2 Marking of the Survivor’s Position Marking the survivor’s position is an important phase of the rescue operation. Accurate deployment of the marker helps to avoid losing sight of the survivor, and provides a reference to the PAC when hovering over the survivor. Notes Detailed information on survivor position-marking devices can be found in chapter 5, paragraph 5.7 of this publication, and NAVAIR 11-15-7 (series) publications. All type, model, and /or series (NATOPS) procedures and limitations shall be strictly adhered to for the launch of any survivor position-marking devices. 1. A member of the crew spots the survivor and reports: I HAVE THE SURVIVOR IN SIGHT AT ___ O’CLOCK, _____ YARDS, TURN _______. Notes Upon sighting the survivor, the aircraft is flown so as to directly overfly the survivor. If not already in sight, the PNAC should attempt to locate the survivor visually as the aircraft is turning into the survivor. This will make constant visual contact as the aircraft’s nose falls onto the survivor. When in sight, verbal control should be passed to the PNAC. 2. The PAC replies: ROGER, YOU HAVE VERBA L CONTROL, and turns the aircraft until the crewmember commands: ROLL OUT.
Should fuel be evident or suspected in the water, smoke flares should not be used. The flares may ignite the fuel. When deploying a marking device from an aircraft, use caution not to strike the survivor. Avoid dropping smoke flares directly upwind of the survivor as the fumes are caustic, and may injure the survivor. 3. Immediately upon passing over the survivor, a crew man marks the position by dropping a smoke flare or electric sea marker light, and reports: SMOKE/SEA MARKER AWAY. 1.3.3 Rescue Pattern The rescue pattern shall be flown in accordance with the applicable T/M/S NATOPS manual. During the pattern, approach, and hover, the crew can continue to assess the rescue scene, as the helicopter provides an outstanding vantage point for viewing the overall scenario and allows the crew to formulate the tactics and equipment to be used for the rescue. This overall view will be of great importance to the RS, as it affords a view not attainable after water entry. The factors listed in paragraph 1.3.1 should be reassessed prior to RS deployment. Note During all rescue scenarios, the RS should stay up intercommunication system (ICS)/radios as long as safely possible. This will help the RS assess the situation, and along with the entire crew, formulate a plan for recovery of the survivor(s).
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-6 1.3.4 Multiple Rescue Decision A multiple rescue occurs when there is more than one survivor, and the RS remains in the water, aiding in the recovery of all survivors prior to being recovered. Sea state, visibility, and location of/distance between the survivors are all factors that should be considered before attempting a multiple rescue. To avoid fatigue, the RS shall avoid multiple rescues when a great deal of swimming (either because of distance or sea state) is required between the survivors. Additionally, the reduced visibility during a night/IMC rescue makes attempting a multiple rescue hazardous. The crew should consider either recovery or short-hauling the RS between multiple survivors if the following conditions exist: 1. A sea state of greater than 2 (see SAR tactical airborne information document (TACAID) 2. Night/IMC 3. More than 25 yards between the survivors. 1.3.5 Rescue Hover Position
When a parachute is in the rescue area, it shall be approached no closer than one rotor diameter width outside the rotor wash area to avoid either inflating or sinking the canopy. Inflating the parachute can cause damage to the aircraft should it blow into the rotor system. Sinking the parachute could also result in the entangled survivor sinking. The pilot shall establish a hover into the wind with the survivor at approximately the 3 o’clock position (figure 1-2). In addition to providing good visual contact with the survivor, this position also helps to avoid having a parachute come between the RS and the survivor.
Figure 1-2. Three o’Clock Position
NTTP 3-50.1 1-7 SEP 2013 1.3.6 Rescue Swimmer Deployment The RS shall enter the water and assist the survivor(s) in all cases except when the helicopter aircraft commander (HAC) determines that the circumstances will endanger the RS unnecessarily. Factors to be considered include sea state, debris in water, sea predators, or fire on the water. The RS shall be deployed either by jumping the RS from the helicopter (either 10 feet and 10 knots or 15 feet and 0 knots), or via the helicopter rescue hoist (hover altitude shall be IAW T/M/S NATOPS manual). Notes During all rescue scenarios, the RS should stay up ICS/radios as long as safely possible. This will help the RS assess the situation and, along with the entire crew, formulate a plan for recovery of the survivor(s). The term “dressed out” applied to the RS is defined as properly attired and equipped for the planned rescue mission. When the RS is going to be deployed via jump or hoist directly into the water, or to a small surface craft that may eventually involve a water entry, the RS shall don the RS’s ensemble (chapter 5), and any additional equipment required based on the scenario (quick strop (QS), life preserver unit (LPU)-34, etc.) Prior to sitting in the doorway, the RS shall: 1. Ensure his/her helmet and ICS cord is removed and stowed in the cabin so as not to interfere with deployment. 2. Ensure the RS mask is correctly tied off to the RS harness shoulder. 3. Ensure search and rescue helicopter breathing device (SHBD) is removed from the RS’s harness and stowed in cabin. 4. If deployment is under night/IMC conditions, illumina te a 4-inch chemical light and insert into clamp on RS mask. 5. If wearing a RS dry suit, all trapped air has been purged or “burped” from the dry suit.
The crew chief (CC) shall not open the cabin door without first ensuring that all personnel in the cabin area are either strapped into a seat, or secured to the aircraft via crewman’s safety belt. Direct deployment (DD) procedures shall not be used if survivor still has parachute attached. The RS shall be deployed via the rescue hoist during all night and IMC/low-visibility operations, if any other hazards exist in the vicinity, and/or at the discretion of the HAC. Inhalation of composite fibers resulting from aircraft fires and/or aircraft material damage may be harmful to the RS. If smoke is present, the RS shall be deployed upwind, and will approach the aircraft in a manner as to avoid any smoke.
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-8 1.3.6.1 Day/Visual Meteorological Conditions Procedures If the decision is made to deploy the RS, the following procedures shall be used: 1. The HAC commands: RIG FOR RESCUE. 2. The CC replies: ROGER, UNSTRAPPING. 3. The CC and RS shall unbuckle from their seat s and immediately don crewman’s safety belts. 4. As the RS dresses out, the CC shall rig for rescue: a. Don the heavy-duty hoisting glove(s). b. Prepare smoke markers. c. Ensure the rescue hoist is armed and operational. d. Prepare rescue equipment as needed.
The CC shall not open the cabin door without first ensuring that all personnel in the cabin area are either strapped into a seat or secured to the aircraft via crewman’s safety belt. e. Open cabin door IAW applicable T/M/S NATOPS procedures. 5. After the CC has readied the cabin area, the CC shall check to ensure the RS is properly attired for the planned rescue evolution and is properly secured to the aircraft via a gunners belt. When satisfied, the CC will grab the back of the RS’s harness, and guide the RS to a sitting position in the aircraft door. 6. The CC reports: RIGGED FOR RESCUE. 7. When established on final approach course to the su rvivor, and just prior to passing 30-foot altitude, the PAC commands: STAND BY TO DEPLOY SWIMMER. 8. The CC shall maintain a hold on the RS’s harness/ TRI-SAR harness (TSH) with one hand, and with the hand not holding onto the RS, signal the RS to release the crewman’s safety belt by tapping the RS once on the chest. 9. Upon receiving the command, the RS removes the cr ewman’s safety belt and ensures it is not snagged on any of the RS’s equipment. The RS will give a THUMBS UP signal to the CC when ready to deploy. 10. Upon receiving the RS’s THUMBS UP, the CC shall do a final inspection of the RS.
Both the CC and RS shall ensure that the RS and/or RS’s harness is not connected or snagged on the aircraft, another RS, or a previously recovered survivor. Special care shall be taken during multiple survivor rescues and training evolutions in which the RS may deploy more than once.
NTTP 3-50.1 1-9 SEP 2013 11. The CC reports: SWIMMER READY, and continues to assess the rescue scene. 12. The PAC establishes a 10-foot/10-knot creep or a 15-foot hover and commands, JUMP . . . JUMP . . . JUMP . . . . 13. On the PAC’s third JUMP command, the CC shall check area clear of debris, and tap the RS three times on the shoulder, releasing the grasp of the RS’s harness as the RS jumps.
It is extremely difficult to accurately judge height above the water; therefore, the CC shall not give the signal to the RS to jump until the pilot commands, JUMP . . . JUMP . . . JUMP . . . over the ICS. The p ilot shall remain at or below 15 feet until the CC reports: SWIMMER AWAY. 14. After the RS exits the helicopter, the CC reports: SWIMMER AWAY. 15. After water entry the RS signals: I AM ALL RIGHT (chapter 6). The RS shall then perform a radio check. Note In the event the RS gives the SWIMMER IN TROUBLE signal (chapter 6), the CC shall report it to the crew and the PAC shall immediately maneuver the helicopter to the planned hoisting altitude. The CC shall direct the helicopter on top of the RS and recover the RS via the rescue hoist. 16. Crewman observes, I AM ALL RIGHT hand signal (c hapter 6) from the RS and reports: SWIMMER O.K. a. The PAC maneuvers the helicopter to the planned hoisting altitude. The PAC will report: STEADY HOVER/HOVER MODE. b. The CC then directs the PAC left and back to maintain visual contact with the RS/survivor. 17. The RS performs disentanglement/recove ry procedures as outlined in chapter 3. 1.3.6.2 Night/Instrument Meteorological Conditions Procedures RS deployment during night/IMC (low-visibility) conditions shall be conducted via hoist. The following procedures shall be used:
The large hook is the only portion of the rescue hook to be used for hoisting personnel. The small hook of the rescue hook shall never be used to hoist personnel. Note Normal night/IMC procedures are not to be confused with DD procedures in paragraph 1.3.8.
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-10 1. The HAC commands: RIG FOR RESCUE. 2. The CC replies: ROGER, UNSTRAPPING. 3. The CC and RS shall unbuckle from their seat s and immediately don crewman’s safety belts. 4. As the RS dresses out, the CC shall rig for rescue: a. Don the heavy duty hoisting glove(s). b. Prepare smoke markers/matrix lights. c. Ensure the rescue hoist is armed and operational. d. Prepare rescue equipment as needed: Ensure a ll rescue equipment/devices are properly illuminated with chemical lights.
The CC shall not open the cabin door without first ensuring that all personnel in the cabin area are either strapped into a seat or secured to the aircraft via a crewman’s safety belt. e. Open cabin door IAW applicable T/M/S NATOPS procedures/limitations. 5. The PAC shall report: STEADY HOVER/HOVER MODE when achieved; this will alert the CC to the fact that the aircraft is in a safe flight regime to hook the RS to the hoist. The CC taps the cabin deck where the RS will sit for hookup to the rescue hoist. 6. The RS, wearing a properly secured crewman’s safet y belt, sits on the deck facing the cabin door and: a. Dons the rescue strop if chosen as the hoisting device. b. Locates the RS’s harness/TSH lif ting point and holds in one hand. Note The RS, rescue strop, and rescue hook shall be illuminated by a chemical light. 7. The CC brings the rescue hook into the cabin and hands it to the RS for hookup.
The large hook is the only portion of the rescue hook to be used for hoisting personnel. The small hook of the rescue hook shall never be used to hoist personnel. Being hooked into more than one safety device (gunners belt, crew seat restraint belt, large rescue hook) at one time may be hazardous to the RS should the helicopter encounter an emergency and have to ditch. The CC shall ensure that the RS is immediately released from the crewman’s safety belt once the RS is properly hooked in to the large rescue hook and the CC has positive physical control of the RS.
NTTP 3-50.1 1-11 SEP 2013 8. The RS shall hook into the large rescue hook. 9. The CC shall maintain a hold on the RS’s harness/TS H with one hand, and with the free hand tap the RS once on the chest to signal RELEASE CREWMAN’S SAFETY BELT. 10. The RS will release the crewman’s safety belt, and give the CC a THUMBS UP signal to indicate the RS is ready to move to the cabin door. 11. The CC shall perform a final check of the RS by: a. Ensuring the RS is properly hooked into the large rescue hook b. Ensuring the RS, rescue strop, and rescue hook are illuminated with a chemical light c. Ensuring RS is properly attire d and equipped for planned rescue evolution and has removed helmet, ICS cord, and SHBD. 12. The CC shall maintain positive control of the RS and guide the RS to the cabin door. When satisfied that the RS is safely in the cabin door, the CC reports: HOIST IS RIGGED, STANDING BY. 13. The helicopter crew shall then maneuver the helicopt er on top of the survivor using the applicable T/M/S NATOPS procedures. 14. Once on top of the survivor, and the helicopter is maintaining a steady hover, the CC challenges: PERMISSION TO LOWER SWIMMER. 15. The PAC commands: LOWER SWIMMER. 16. The CC shall tap the RS on the shoulder three times and upon receiving a THUMBS UP signal from the RS, place tension on the cable, lifting the RS off the deck: a. If the RS’s harness (HBU-23/P) is used, the CC shall lower the RS. b. If the TSH is used: (1) The CC shall stop hoisting wh en the RS is off the deck. (2) The RS will adjust the straps of the TSH, a nd, once satisfied, the RS shall give the THUMBS UP signal to the CC indicating ready to be lowered. 17. The CC will lower the RS. The CC shall make the following reports during hoist operations: a. LOWERING SWIMMER. b. SWIMMER HALFWAY DOWN. c. SWIMMER IN THE WATER. d. SWIMMER CLEAR. e. SWIMMER IS O.K., or SWIMMER IN TROUBLE.
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-12 18. After entering the water, the RS separates fro m the rescue hook/strop and, signals: I AM ALL RIGHT (see chapter 6). The RS shall then perform a radio check.
DD procedures shall not be attempted using the RS’s harness (HBU-23/P). The RS could be seriously injured if unintentionally jerked from the water. Only personnel trained and qualified IAW Chief of Naval Operations instruction (OPNAVINST) 3130.6 (series) shall attempt DD procedures. During normal RS deployment/recovery procedures, the RS should not remain attached to the rescue hook via his RS’s harness (HBU-23/P), or remain in the rescue strop while performing a rescue. During high wind/high sea state evolutions, visual contact with the RS is essential; however, the RS’s options and/or mobility should not be sacrificed. Attempts at keeping the RS attached to the hoist cable will restrict the RS’s movements and impose an entanglement hazard. If the RS is unable to sever all connections with the aircraft, sudden impact movement or a high sea state may result in his becoming entangled, unnecessarily dragged through the water, or separated from the survivor. Note The RS may choose to hold the rescue strop if the survivor is nearby or if there is a high sea state. In this situation, the RS slips the rescue strop and hoist hook off over his head and then passes a single arm through the loop created by the rescue strop. This permits the RS to use both hands or, if being dragged by the hoist cable, to quickly release it. 19. The CC, upon observing the I AM ALL RIGHT hand signal (chapter 6), reports SWIMMER IS O.K., if the RS is clear of the rescue strop the CC shall direct the PAC back and left to maintain visual contact with the RS and survivor. 20. The RS performs disentanglement/recove ry procedures as outlined in chapter 3.
The RS shall ensure that no fuel is in the vicinity when using MK 124 Mod 0 flare. Note In the event of loss of visual contact with the RS and/or survivor, the HAC shall cycle the flood/hover light. The RS and/or survivor shall illuminate the strobe light or Mk 124 Mod 0 flare to aid in reestablishing visual contact. 1.3.6.3 Rescue Aircrewman Deployment to a Small Boat RA deployments to small boats may involve hoisting directly to the deck of the boat, or conditions may require that the RS deploy into the water and climb aboard the boat to affect the rescue. In either situation, the RS shall be attired for water entry. If being hoisted to the small boat, RS fins may be removed (to provide footing on boat deck) and
NTTP 3-50.1 1-13 SEP 2013 attached to the RS by threading the harness snap hook through the fin straps and attaching back to harness. This procedure will ensure the RS has fins for propulsion should he/she be required to reenter the water from the boat. Note Upon HAC’s discretion and during a medical emergency, a qualified SMT outfitted with a TRI-SAR with flotation may be lowered to a boat to access, triage, and treat a casualty. Consideration of the helicopter-to-ship personnel transfer procedures located in section 1.7 should be considered. 1.3.7 Rescue Swimmer Recovery Procedures The following procedures apply to day or night SAR operations: 1. Upon receiving the READY FOR PICK UP hand signal (chapter 6) from the RS, the CC shall report: I HAVE A PICK UP SIGNAL and direct the helicopter on top of the RS/survivor.
To the maximum extent possible, aircraft scheduled with SAR as a primary mission (operational or training), should not be configured with the external weapons system (EWS) pylons. The CC shall ensure the rescue hook contacts the water before the RS touches it. Note The CC shall ensure that the rescue hook is equipped with a rescue device that has inherent flotation (rescue strop, rescue litter, rescue seat, rescue net, or rescue basket) and chemical lights, if needed (night/IMC). a. Lower and ground the hoist. 2. The CC shall observe the RS’s progress and report: a. SWIMMER/SURVIVOR APPROACHING RESCUE HOOK b. SWIMMER/SURVIVOR HOOKED UP. 3. Upon receiving the RAISE CABLE hand signal (cha pter 6) from the RS, the CC shall report: I HAVE A HOIST SIGNAL. The CC will simultaneously direct the PAC to a position directly over the RS/survivor (putting the RS/survivor as vertical to the rescue hoist as possible), and reel in hoist cable. The CC shall time the water action (if any) to ensure the RS/survivor are not jerked from the water. Note Upon hearing the SWIMMER/SURVIVOR CLEAR OF THE WATER call from the CC, the PAC may elect to raise the helicopter (with verbal commands from the CC) to a predetermined height to ensure a wave crest does not contact the RS/survivor as they are hoisted clear.
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-14 4. The CC shall keep the PAC info rmed of the RS/survivor’s progress: Note The CC shall maintain control of the hoist cable at all times, paying particular attention to the RS/survivor as they approach the helicopter. The CC shall ensure the RS/survivor do not strike the helicopter. a. SWIMMER/SURVIVOR CLEAR OF THE WATER (YOU HAVE CONTROL FORWARD if applicable) b. SWIMMER/SURVIVOR HALFWAY UP c. SWIMMER/SURVIVOR AT CABIN DOOR. 5. When the RS/survivor are at the cabin door, the CC sh all position them so the survivor’s back is to the CC. The RS (if possible) should place fins on cabin deck and hand(s) on cabin entrance bulkhead or handles. In this position, the RS may pull with their arms and thrust with their hips to assist the CC in pulling in the combined weight of the survivor and RS. The RS should end up in a position straddling over the top of the survivor. When ready for transition into the helicopter, the RS should both nod his/her head to the CC and yell READY.
Do not detach the RS/survivor from the rescue hook until the RS/survivor are safely in the cabin of the helicopter. Securing the RS/survivor safely in the cabin can be accomplished (once the RS and survivor are in the cabin) by the CC paying out just enough cable to close the cabin door to a point where it is resting lightly against the cable, disconnecting the RS and survivor, and securing them in the helicopter. Once the RS and survivor are secure, the CC opens the cabin door and stows the rescue hook. Ensure applicable T/M/S NATOPS airspeed restrictions are adhered to while the hoist cable is deployed from hoist assembly, and while the cabin door is not completely closed. Note The CC should grab the survivor around the waist vice grabbing the survivor’s clothes/gear. This is the safest method of keeping control of the survivor during the transition into the helicopter cabin. 6. The CC grabs the survivor around the waist, simultane ously letting out hoist cable and pulling the survivor (and RS) into the helicopter. 7. When the RS and survivor are completely inside the helicopter, the CC shall position him/herself in the cabin door, guarding against the RS and survivor falling out. The CC shall report: SWIMMER/SURVIVOR ABOARD. 8. The CC shall pay out only enough hoist cable to a llow the cabin door to be closed as far as possible without damaging the cable. 9. Once the cabin door is closed the CC can disconn ect the RS and survivor from the large rescue hook and secure them in the aircraft.
NTTP 3-50.1 1-15 SEP 2013 10. When the CC is satisfied the RS and survivor ar e secured properly, the CC can then open the cabin door, seat the rescue hook, and close the cabin door (as required). 11. The CC then reports: RESCUE STA TION SECURE, CLEAR FOR FORWARD FLIGHT. 12. The RS shall attend to survivor medical treatment (chapter 7) and report survivor’s condition to the HAC. At the earliest opportunity, the CC shall assist the RS with survivor medical care until flight duties require his/her attention elsewhere. 1.3.8 Maritime Direct Deployment Procedures U.S. naval helicopter crews are sometimes faced with situations in which traditional RS deployment procedures are inadequate and/or put the RS at a greater-than-acceptable risk. The DD procedure was developed as a tool for use in extreme situations, such as: rescues in the surf zone, heavy seas, high winds, moving (swift) water, ice, etc. DD procedures are another tool for the RS/helicopter crew to utilize, when necessary, and are not intended to replace the survivor recovery procedures outlined in paragraph 3.7. DD procedures shall only be utilized when the crew has determined that it is the safest method of recovery.
DD procedures shall only be utilized by personnel qualified IAW OPNAVINST 3130.6 (series). The QS shall only be used in conjunction with the TSH for DD and recovery of survivors. The decision to use DD procedures on a survivor with a known or suspected head, neck, spinal, or other severe injury should only be exercised when the use of traditional survivor recovery procedures (paragraph 3.7) would place the lives of the RS and/or survivor at greater risk. DD procedures shall not be attempted using the RS’s harness (HBU-23/P). The RS could be seriously injured if unintentionally jerked from the water. DD procedures should not be used on aviators who have ejected from aircraft, and shall not be used on aviators still entangled in a parachute. The QS shall not be deployed to survivors without the RS. The survivors may not know how to properly use it. Notes Use of the term “direct deployment” always refers to the RS wearing a TSH in conjunction with a QS assembly. The significant difference in DD from the traditional RS deployment/survivor recovery procedure is that the RS never unhooks from the rescue hook during the entire rescue evolution. Hand signals are the primary means of communication for DD procedures. During night/IMC operations the QS safety strap may be illuminated. The CC shall utilize a chemical light strap from the SAR equipment bag to attach a chemical light to the friction buckle of the safety strap in the following manner: 2 opposing hooks connected to the outboard side of the friction buckle and 1 hook connected to a chemical light.
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-16 1. The CC opens the cabin door and brings the rescue hook into the helicopter for RS hookup.
Being hooked into more than one safety device (gunners belt, crew seat restraint belt, large rescue hook) at one time may be hazardous to the RS should the helicopter encounter an emergency and have to ditch. The CC shall ensure that the RS is immediately released from the crewman’s safety belt once the RS is properly hooked into the large rescue hook and the CC has positive physical control of the RS. The large hook is the only portion of the rescue hook to be used for hoisting personnel. The small hook of the rescue hook shall never be used to hoist personnel. The SAR helicopter aircrew breathing device/survivor egress air (HABD/SEA) holster shall be removed from the TSH assembly of the aviation RS prior to deployment (day or night) from the helicopter. 2. The RS, wearing a properly secured crewman’s safet y belt, sits on the deck facing the cabin door and hooks into the large rescue hook in the following order: a. TSH lifting V ring (always first). b. Rescue strop (double lift recovery only; paragra ph 3.8). RS routes the rescue strop over the preferred shoulder and maintains control of it until it is utilized on the survivor. c. QS (always last): Note The detachable lifting strap of the QS can be identified by the red ban of webbing located next to the detachable lifting strap’s V ring assembly. (1) Ensure the detachable lifting strap is routed through the friction lock prior to hookup. (2) Ensure the detachable lifting strap V ring is al ways the last object hooked up to the large rescue hook. Note The RS should slide the QS friction keeper as far out as possible, ensuring as large an opening as possible is maintained in the QS assembly. This will make employment of the QS over the survivor’s head and shoulders easier. (3) RS routes the QS over the preferred shoulder and maintains control of it until employed on the survivor. d. When RS is properly equipped, RS gives the CC the THUMBS UP signal. 3. CC grabs the back of the RS’s TSH, and taps th e RS once on the chest. Upon receiving the signal, the RS releases the crewman’s safety belt. 4. CC maintains positive control of RS and directs the RS to the cabin door; RS sits in cabin door.
NTTP 3-50.1 1-17 SEP 2013 5. CC directs the helicopter over the survivor; the HAC establishes a steady hover over the survivor and commands: STAND BY TO LOWER SWIMMER. 6. CC taps the RS three times on the shoulder; upo n receiving a THUMBS UP signal from the RS reports: SWIMMER READY. 7. The HAC commands: LOWER SWIMMER. 8. The CC hoists the RS off the deck: a. The RS adjusts the straps of the TSH for pr oper fit and comfort; when satisfied, gives the CC a THUMBS UP signal, meaning READY TO BE HOISTED. Note As the RS is being lowered to the water, the RS shall try to maintain visual contact with the survivor at all times. b. The CC reports SWIMMER ON THE WAY DOWN. Th e CC continuously keeps the HAC apprised of the RS’s position. Note The RS should be placed in the water no farther than 2–3 feet from the survivor. This can be accomplished by stopping the RS approximately 10 feet above the water, and as the RS hand signals the CC, the CC directs the HAC into the precise position required. 9. Upon RS water entry, the CC reports SWIMMER IN THE WATER. Note The I AM ALRIGHT hand signal is not required for DD procedures by the RS. 10. Upon RS contact with the survivor, the CC reports: SWIMMER HAS ENGAGED THE SURVIVOR.
When using this procedure in heavy seas, swift water, etc., the CC must take extreme care to ensure the proper amount of hoist cable is paid out. Too little cable may cause the RS/survivor to be jerked out of the water as the RS/survivor enter the trough of a wave. Too much cable paid out may cause the RS/survivor to become entangled in the hoist cable, or the cable to become entangled in debris. 11. The CC will simultaneously direct the PAC away from the RS/survivor (putting the RS/survivor at the helicopter’s 2 o’clock position), while paying out hoist cable. The CC shall ensure that enough slack is left in the hoist cable to compensate for RS movement, aircraft movement, and water action: a. Do not allow the hoist cable to coil in the water. b. Keep all of the deployed hoist cable between the helicopter and the RS/survivor. 12. The RS performs DD survivor r ecovery procedures IAW paragraph 3.8.
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-18 13. The CC receives the RAISE CABLE hand signal (chapter 6) from the RS and reports: I HAVE A HOIST SIGNAL. 14. The CC will simultaneously direct the PAC to a position directly over the RS/survivor (putting the RS/survivor as vertical to the rescue hoist as possible), and reel in hoist cable. The CC shall time the water action (if any) to ensure the RS/survivor are not jerked from the water. Note Upon hearing the SWIMMER/SURVIVOR CLEAR OF THE WATER call from the CC, the PAC may elect to raise the helicopter (with verbal commands from the CC) to a predetermined height to ensure a wave crest does not contact the RS/survivor as they are hoisted clear. 15. Once the RS/survivor are clear of the water, the CC reports: SWIMMER/SURVIVOR CLEAR OF THE WATER, and continuously updates the HAC on the RS/survivor position (i.e., SWIMMER/SURVIVOR HALFWAY UP, AT THE CABIN DOOR, etc.).
Do not detach the RS/survivor from the rescue hook until the RS/survivor are safely in the cabin of the helicopter. Securing the RS/survivor safely in the cabin shall be accomplished (once the RS and survivor are in the cabin) by the CC paying out just enough cable to close the cabin door to a point where it is resting lightly against the cable, disconnecting the RS and survivor, and securing them in the helicopter. Once the RS and survivor are secure, then CC opens the cabin door and stows the rescue hook. Ensure applicable T/M/S NATOPS airspeed restrictions are adhered to while the hoist cable is deployed from hoist assembly, and while the cabin door is not completely closed. 16. Recover RS/survivor using normal recovery procedures IAW paragraph 1.3.7, items 3–12.
The CC shall not grab the survivor in any other manner than around the waist (figure 1-3). Grabbing the survivor’s clothes/gear or the QS may loosen the QS enough to allow the survivor to slip out during transition into the helicopter cabin. 17. The CC shall grab the survivor around the waist, simultaneously letting out hoist cable and pulling the survivor (and RS) into the helicopter. 18. When the RS and survivor are completely inside the helicopter, the CC shall position him/herself in the cabin door, guarding against the RS and survivor falling out: The CC shall report: SWIMMER/SURVIVOR ABOARD. 19. The CC shall pay out only enough hoist cable to a llow the cabin door to be closed as far as possible without damaging the cable.
NTTP 3-50.1 1-19 SEP 2013
Figure 1-3. Crew Chief Grabs the Survivor Around the Waist 20. Once the cabin door is closed the CC shall disc onnect the RS and survivor from the large rescue hook and secure them in the aircraft. 21. When the CC is satisfied the RS and survivor(s ) are secured properly, the CC shall then open the cabin door, seat the rescue hook, and close the cabin door (as required). 22. The CC then reports: RESCUE STA TION SECURE, CLEAR FOR FORWARD FLIGHT. 1.4 RESCUE EQUIPMENT RIGGING, DEPLOYMENT, AND RECOVERY PROCEDURES The selection of the rescue equipment/recovery devices should be made prior to RS deployment, or as early as possible into the rescue scenario. The rescue equipment selected is determined primarily by the physical conditions of the survivor(s), and the type rescue (single or multiple survivors). It is essential that both the CC and RS are knowledgeable in the application and utilization of all rescue devices, hand signals, and voice procedures. Chapter 3 details RS procedures for various rescue devices. Chapter 6 contains RS hand signals for devices, hoist movement, equipment, and emergencies. Although voice procedures for hoisting are standard, they may vary for individual devices.
In all situations where two or more survivors are to be lifted simultaneously, the weight-bearing limitations of the helicopter rescue hoist system shall be considered. In all situations where it is required that the CC rig rescue equipment for deployment to a RS, and/or survivor in the water, the CC shall ensure another member of the crew has the RS/survivor in sight prior to directing attention to rigging the rescue equipment in the aircraft cabin.
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-20 Notes The CC shall maintain positive control of the survivor throughout the survivor’s transition from the rescue hoist into the helicopter cabin, until the survivor is properly secured into the aircraft. The RS may communicate the rescue device of choice at any time during the rescue scenario, including before RS deployment. The CC should rig the rescue device at the earliest possible opportunity to ensure it is ready for immediate deployment. 1. The RS communicates: DEPLOY ______ via hand si gnal (see chapter 6), and radio (whenever possible). 2. The CC acknowledges receipt of RS’s hand signal w ith a THUMBS UP, and/or radio (whenever possible), and communicates the request to the HAC. 3. The HAC/PAC commands: RIG THE _______. 4. The CC acknowledges the command, brings the rescu e hook into the cabin, and rigs the rescue device as appropriate. 5. The CC reports: ______ RIGGED, STANDING BY TO DEPLOY _______. 6. The PAC commands: DEPLOY __________. 7. The CC acknowledges the command and lowers th e device utilizing standard voice procedures: a. LOWERING ________ b. ________ HALFWAY DOWN c. ________IN THE WATER.
The CC shall closely monitor the amount of hoist cable that is deployed during all rescue operations. The CC shall ensure that enough cable is deployed to compensate for aircraft movement and wave action/water movement. Too much cable deployed will become a hazard to the RS and/or survivor should the cable become entangled with them, the rescue device, or debris in the water. 8. Once the selected rescue device is in the water, the CC shall keep the PAC informed of the RS/survivor’s progress utilizing standard voice procedures: RS/SURVIVOR APPROACHING THE HOOK. 9. The RS places the survivor in th e selected rescue device per the procedures in chapter 3, paragraph 3.9, the CC reports: RS/SURVIVOR HOOKED UP. Note The CC shall make every attempt to ensure the rescue device used is being properly employed by the RS; if a deviation has occurred, the CC shall make every attempt to communicate with the RS, and ascertain the problem or RS’s intentions.
NTTP 3-50.1 1-21 SEP 2013 10. Upon receiving the RAISE CABLE hand signal (chapt er 6) from the RS or survivor, the CC reports: I HAVE A HOIST SIGNAL.
The CC shall make every attempt to ensure the hoist cable is not entangled prior to raising the hoist.
In all cases (whether the survivor is determined to be combative, panicked, or cooperative) the rescue crewman shall not hoist survivors from an overland or maritime environment without the proper application of the selected rescue device to include safety straps or safety devices outlined in this manual. 11. The CC commences hoisting using standard voice procedures: a. RS/SURVIVOR CLEAR OF THE WATER, YOU HAVE CONTROL FORWARD. The PAC replies: ROGER, I HAVE CONTROL FORWARD. b. RS/SURVIVOR HALFWAY UP. c. RS/SURVIVOR AT CABIN DOOR.
In all situations where it is required that the CC divert his/her attention from personnel still in the water, the CC shall ensure another member of the crew has the remaining personnel in sight prior to losing visual contact with them. 12. Upon arrival of the survivor at the aircraft cabin door: a. The CC shall maneuver the survivor so the survivor’s back is to the CC. b. The CC should grab the survivor around the waist, wi th one hand, and with the other hand in front of the survivor, guide the survivor into the aircraft cabin. 13. The CC lowers the rescue hoist cable, while simultane ously pulling the survivor into the aircraft, and onto the cabin deck.
Do not detach the RS/survivor from the rescue hook until the RS/survivor are safely in the cabin of the helicopter, and the cabin door is closed (if the chosen rescue device allows the cabin door to be closed).
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-22 Note If the chosen rescue device does not allow for the cabin door to be closed, the CC shall maintain physical control of the survivor at all times until the survivor is secured safely inside the aircraft cabin. 14. When the survivor is completely inside the he licopter, the CC shall position him/herself in the cabin door, guarding against the survivor falling out, the CC shall report: SURVIVOR ABOARD. Note Ensure applicable T/M/S NATOPS airspeed restrictions are adhered to while the hoist cable is deployed from the aircraft rescue hoist assembly and while the cabin door is not completely closed. 15. The CC shall pay out only enough hoist cable to a llow the cabin door to be closed as far as possible without damaging the cable. 16. Once the cabin door is closed, the CC shall: a. Remove the survivor from the rescue device. b. Secure the survivor in an aircraft seat. c. If applicable, complete survivor flotation procedures IAW paragraph 1.5. d. Evaluate the survivor’s co ndition, and report it to the HAC. 17. When the CC is satisfied the survivor is pr operly secured, the CC can then open the cabin door and continue with RS/survivor recovery procedures, or seat the rescue hook, and close the cabin door (as required). 18. The CC then reports: RESCUE STA TION SECURE, CLEAR FOR FORWARD FLIGHT. 1.4.1 Rescue Hook The rescue hook is the primary rescue device used in all rescue operations and is always used in conjunction with other devices for recovering survivors and transferring personnel. When the rescue hook is employed, the following special notes, warnings, and procedures apply: Notes If the UH-1N helicopter is utilized as the SRU, the RS shall connect the survivor’s gated D ring directly into the large rescue hook. If dual hoisting is desired, the RS shall then hook the RS’s harness lifting V ring directly into the large rescue hook. This note applies to all survival harnesses that utilize a Gated D ring as a hoisting point. If the RS is wearing the TSH, the RS shall connect the survivor’s Gated D ring directly into the large rescue hook. If dual hoisting is desired, the RS shall then hook the TSH lifting V ring into the large rescue hook. This note applies to all survival harnesses that utilize a gated D ring as a hoisting point. Due to the design characteristics of the CMU-30 and CMU-33 Type I survival vests, it is necessary to hook the survivor’s gated D ring directly into the large rescue hook, regardless of what harness the RS is using. If dual hoisting is desired, the RS shall then
NTTP 3-50.1 1-23 SEP 2013 hook the lifting V ring from the RS’s harness into the large rescue hook. If this procedure is not followed (RS hooks his/her snap hook into the survivor’s gated D ring), the survivor may hang too far below cabin deck and CC may not be able to pull up into the aircraft. If possible, use the rescue strop instead of the gated D ring of the CMU-30/33 Type I survival harness for hoisting the survivor. 1.4.1.1 Rigging the Rescue Hook
The large hook is the only portion of the rescue hook to be used for hoisting personnel. The small hook of the rescue hook shall never be used to hoist personnel. 1. The CC shall ensure a rescue device (normally the r escue strop) with inherent flotation ability is attached to the rescue hook prior to lowering it to the RS/survivor. 2. During night/IMC operations the r escue hook shall be illuminated. The CC shall utilize a chemical light strap from the SAR equipment bag to attach a chemical light to the rescue hook equipment ring (figure 1-4). 1.4.1.2 Rescue Hook Deployment
Extreme care shall be used not to place fingers in or around the hoist assembly bumper compressing spring due to possibility of a crushing injury to fingers during hoisting operations. When lowering the rescue hook to any surface (water, ship, ground, etc.), the CC shall always ensure the rescue hook is grounded prior to any personnel coming in contact with it. Failure to ground the hook will result in a minor electrical shock to the person that it comes in contact with, and the arcing electricity may ignite any fuel in the area. The CC shall closely monitor the amount of hoist cable that is deployed during all rescue operations. The CC shall ensure that enough cable is deployed to compensate for aircraft movement and wave action/water movement. Too much cable deployed will become a hazard to the RS and/or survivor should the cable become entangled with them, the rescue device, or debris in the water.
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-24
Figure 1-4. Rescue Hook with Chemical Lights Attached to the Equipment Ring 1.4.1.3 Rescue Hook Recovery
Extreme care shall be used not to place fingers in or around the hoist assembly bumper compressing spring due to the possibility of a crushing injury to fingers during hoisting operations. The CC shall make every attempt to ensure the hoist cable is not entangled in any way prior to raising the hoist. The CC shall use extreme caution to ensure that the survivor’s gated D ring and the RS’s harness snap hook are not disconnected during the transition into the cabin. The CC shall be vigilant and ensure that the survivor’s gated D ring and the RS’s snap hook do not twist and inadvertently disconnect. This warning applies to all survival harnesses that utilize a Gated D ring as a hoisting point.
NTTP 3-50.1 1-25 SEP 2013 1.4.2 Rescue Strop The rescue strop is primarily used on nonaviator/civilian survivors, and allows for the RS and survivor to be hoisted at the same time. When the rescue strop is employed, the following special notes, warnings, and procedures apply:
Deploying the rescue strop to a nonaviator survivor without the aid of a RS is not recommended and should only be performed when no RS is readily available from a nearby SRU, and immediate survivor recovery is deemed necessary. Nonaviator personnel are not familiar with the rescue strop procedures and self-application of rescue strop arm retaining straps is near impossible. Rescue strop recovery without proper application of the arm retaining straps may result in survivor falling out of the rescue strop during recovery. Note If possible, use the rescue strop vice the gated D ring of the CMU-30/33 Type I survival harness for hoisting the survivor. 1.4.2.1 Rigging the Rescue Strop Notes The CC shall ensure the rescue strop arm retaining straps are properly stowed prior to lowering the rescue strop to the RS/survivor. During night/IMC operations the free end of the rescue strop shall be illuminated. The CC shall utilize a chemical light strap from the SAR equipment bag to attach a chemical light to the lifting V ring of the free lifting strap (figure 1-5). The CC shall bring the rescue hook into the cabin, and hook one of the rescue strop lifting V rings into the large rescue hook.
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-26
Figure 1-5. Rescue Strop with Chemical Lights Attached to the Free End 1.4.2.2 Deploying the Rescue Strop
The CC shall closely monitor the amount of hoist cable that is deployed during all rescue operations. The CC shall ensure that enough cable is deployed to compensate for aircraft movement and wave action/water movement. Too much cable deployed will become a hazard to the RS and/or survivor should the cable become entangled with them, the rescue device, or debris in the water.
NTTP 3-50.1 1-27 SEP 2013 1.4.2.3 Rescue Strop Recovery
The CC shall make every attempt to ensure the hoist cable is not entangled in any way prior to raising the hoist. In all cases (whether the survivor is determined to be combative, panicked, or cooperative) the rescue crewman shall not hoist survivors from an overland or maritime environment without the proper application of the selected rescue device to include safety straps or safety devices outlined in this manual. 1. When the survivor is at the cabin door, the CC s hould grab the survivor around the waist, or the rescue strop assist handle (secondary) with one hand. 2. With the other hand in front of the survivor, guide the survivor into the aircraft cabin. 3. Once the cabin door is closed, the CC shall: a. Release the rescue strop arm retainer straps and remove the rescue strop from the survivor. b. Secure survivor into aircraft seat. 1.4.3 Collapsible Rescue Basket (McCauley Basket) Note The collapsible rescue basket (McCauley Basket) was designed for use in helicopters that do not routinely employ a RS as part of the crew. The rescue basket is a simple and safe rescue device that can be lowered to a survivor (military or civilian) and easily utilized without RS assistance. The rescue basket is designed for lifting one survivor at a time. When the rescue basket is employed, the following special notes, warnings, and procedures apply. (See figure 1-6.) 1.4.3.1 Rigging the Rescue Basket Note During night/IMC operations there are no specific points to illuminate on the rescue basket. The CC shall utilize a chemical light strap from the SAR equipment bag and attach a chemical light to the rescue hook equipment ring. 1. The collapsed rescue basket is la id flat on the cabin deck; the CC shall grasp the upper frame of the rescue basket and lift straight up (figure 1-7). 2. The CC shall ensure that each of the four intern al support brackets of the collapsible rescue basket are moved into the locked position. The CC shall visually verify that all four supports are fully secured into the locking mechanism. 3. Ensure bail locking device is engaged. 4. Hook large rescue hook into the lifting eye of the rescue basket.
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-28
Figure 1-6. Collapsible Rescue Basket; Built-In: 44" Length × 20" Width × 40" Height
Figure 1-7. Collapsible Rescue Basket; Broken- down: 44" Length × 20" Width × 9.5" Height 1.4.3.2 Rescue Basket Deployment
The CC shall closely monitor the amount of hoist cable that is deployed during all rescue operations. The CC shall ensure that enough cable is deployed to compensate for aircraft movement and wave action/water movement. Too much cable deployed will become a hazard to the RS and/or survivor should the cable become entangled with them, the rescue device, or debris in the water.
The rescue basket is lightweight and may become unstable while hoisting down to the water due to winds or rotor wash. The CC shall use extreme care to avoid striking survivor/RS or obstacles with the rescue basket.
NTTP 3-50.1 1-29 SEP 2013 1.4.3.3 Rescue Basket Recovery
The CC shall make every attempt to ensure the hoist cable is not entangled in any way prior to raising the hoist. 1. Once the rescue basket is at the cabin door, the CC shall ensure the survivor remains inside the rescue basket until ordered to disembark (figure 1-8). 2. The CC will simultaneously pull rescue basket into ai rcraft cabin while slowly reeling out hoist cable until rescue basket is far enough into cabin to safely disembark the survivor. 3. The CC shall close the cabin door, leaving just enough room for the hoist cable (without crimping it), remove the survivor from rescue basket, and secure the survivor in the cabin. Continue until all survivors are recovered. 4. Upon recovery of last survivor/R S, remove the rescue hook from lifting point and stow basket as necessary. 5. Open cabin door and stow rescue hook. 1.4.4 Rescue Net The rescue net is used as a rescue device primarily in the case of multiple survivors. The rescue net is a simple and safe rescue device that can accommodate up to two survivors, or one survivor accompanied by the RS during hoisting. When the rescue net is employed, the following special notes, warnings, and procedures apply.
Figure 1-8. Survivor Aboard the Collapsible Rescue Basket
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-30 1.4.4.1 Rigging the Rescue Net Notes During night/IMC operations the rescue net shall be illuminated. The CC shall utilize two chemical light straps from the SAR equipment bag, and attach a chemical light to the nylon rope just above the middle frame flotation on both sides of the rescue net opening (figure 1-9). Assembly of the rescue net outside the cabin door with the net attached to the rescue hook via the lifting ring will expedite the assembly evolution. 1. The lower frame is unfolded face dow n, allowing the frame to snap open. 2. The rescue net is suspended on the rescue hook by the lifting ring, and the sleeves of the upper support ribs are slid over the swivel joints to rest on the support rib stops (figure 1-10). Note Refer to NAVAIR 13-1-6.5 for release pins attachment. 3. The lower support rib is folded up and connected to the middle frame trip ring with release pins (figure 1-11). 4. The CC shall ensure the rescue net safety strap is a ttached to the proper anchor point of the cabin deck prior to rescue net deployment to expedite recovery operations. 1.4.4.2 Rescue Net Deployment
The CC shall closely monitor the amount of hoist cable that is deployed during all rescue operations. The CC shall ensure that enough cable is deployed to compensate for aircraft movement and wave action/water movement. Too much cable deployed will become a hazard to the RS and/or survivor should the cable become entangled with them, the rescue device, or debris in the water.
The rescue net is lightweight and may become unstable while hoisting down to the water due to winds or rotor wash. The CC shall use extreme care to avoid striking survivor/RS or obstacles with the rescue net.
NTTP 3-50.1 1-31 SEP 2013
Figure 1-9. Rescue Net with Chemical Lights Attached
Figure 1-10. Upper Support Rib Sleeves Slid over Swivel Joints
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-32
Figure 1-11. Lower Support Ribs Folded up and Connected to the Middle Frame Trip Ring
NTTP 3-50.1 1-33 SEP 2013 1.4.4.3 Rescue Net Recovery
The CC shall make every attempt to ensure the hoist cable is not entangled in any way prior to raising the hoist. The CC shall not transfer the survivor(s) into the aircraft cabin without first connecting the two safety “V” straps snap hooks to each side of the rescue net via the V rings attachment points. Failure to connect the safety straps will allow the rescue net to swing out, and away from the helicopter as the survivor exits the net, endangering both the exiting survivor, and any personnel still inside the rescue net. 1. Once the rescue net is at the cabin door, the CC sh all connect the two safety strap snap hooks to the V rings on the lower frame of the rescue net (figure 1-12). 2. The CC shall pull the safety straps tight a nd report: SAFETY STRAPS CONNECTED. The PAC replies: ROGER, BOARD SURVIVORS. Note If the RS is accompanying one survivor in the rescue net, the survivor shall be boarded first. 3. The CC shall board one survivor at a time, ensuring the first survivor is safely secured into a seat before diverting attention to the second survivor. 1.4.5 Rescue Seat The rescue seat is designed for use in the maritime or overland environment and is primarily used for self- recovery of aviators without the assistance of a RS. When the rescue seat is employed, the following special notes, warnings, and procedures apply:
The rescue seat can only be utilized in a maritime environment if it has a flotation collar installed. 1.4.5.1 Rescue Seat Rigging Note During night/IMC operations the rescue hook equipment ring shall be illuminated. The CC shall utilize a chemical light strap from the SAR equipment bag to attach a chemical light to the rescue hook equipment ring. 1. The CC shall ensure all seats are stowed in the “UP” position. 2. The CC shall ensure all safety straps are properly stowed. 3. The CC shall bring the rescue hook into the cab in and hook the large rescue hook into the rescue seat hoisting point (figure 1-13).
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-34
Figure 1-12. The Crew Chief Connects the Safety Strap to the V rings of the Rescue Net and Pulls it Tight
NTTP 3-50.1 1-35 SEP 2013
Figure 1-13. The Crew Chief Connects the Rescue Seat into the Large Rescue Hook 1.4.5.2 Rescue Seat Deployment
The rescue seat should not be deployed to civilian survivors without the aid of a RS. The CC shall closely monitor the amount of hoist cable that is deployed during all rescue operations. The CC shall ensure that enough cable is deployed to compensate for aircraft movement and wave action/water movement. Too much cable deployed will become a hazard to the RS and/or survivor should the cable become entangled with them, the rescue device, or debris in the water. 1.4.5.3 Rescue Seat Recovery
The CC shall make every attempt to ensure the hoist cable is not entangled in any way prior to raising the hoist. Do not grab the survivor from the back. This could cause the survivor to slip off of the rescue seat.
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-36 Notes Only one survivor, or one survivor accompanied by a RS, shall be hoisted at one time (figure 1-14). CC recovery into the cabin of two survivors without RS assistance is extremely difficult. If the RS elects to be hoisted with the survivor, the RS shall wear the adjustable safety strap in the same manner as the survivor. If hoisting an unconscious survivor with the rescue seat, the RS shall be hoisted along with the survivor. 1. When the survivor is at the cab in door, the CC shall put an arm around the survivor’s waist and rescue seat. 2. With the other hand in front of the survivor, guide the survivor into the aircraft cabin. 3. As the CC lowers the survivor into the aircraft, the survivor and the rescue seat are pulled inboard, causing the seat to tilt into the aircraft. 4. The CC continues to lower the seat until the edge of the support fluke is resting on the aircraft deck (figure 1-15).
Care shall be taken not to pinch the survivor while lowering to the deck due to the fluke folding. 5. The CC then continues to lower the rescue seat until the survivor’s back is on the deck of the aircraft. 6. Once the cabin door is closed, the CC shall release the rescue seat safety straps and remove the survivor from the rescue seat. 1.4.6 Rescue/Medical Evacuation Litter Procedures The rescue/medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) litter is the on ly rescue device in which use of the trail line assembly is mandatory. When the rescue/MEDEVAC litter is selected as the r escue device, the following notes, warnings, and procedures shall be used. Notes The rescue (stokes litter) and the SAR MEDEVAC litter are different pieces of equipment. For the purposes of this section, they will be combined into the “Rescue/MEDEVAC litter” and any differences in procedures will be noted using the specific equipment nomenclature. Use of patient restraint straps with hook-and-pile tape are no longer authorized. The rescue litter (stokes) is required to have the color-coded buckle type patient restraint straps (P/N: 140). The SAR MEDEVAC litter is required to have a new frame cover that integrates the color-coded buckle type patient restraint straps (P/N: 402-2).
NTTP 3-50.1 1-37 SEP 2013
Figure 1-14. Survivor Aboard the Rescue Seat with the Safety Strap Properly Utilized
Figure 1-15. The Crew Chief Lowers the Rescue Seat Until the Edge of the Support Fluke Is Resting on the Helicopter Deck
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-38 1. The RS communicates: DEPLOY RESCUE LITTER via radio and/or hand signal (chapter 6). 2. The CC acknowledges receipt of RS’s hand signal and communicates it to the crew. 3. The PAC commands: RIG THE RESCUE LITTER. 4. The CC acknowledges the command and rigs the rescue/MEDEVAC litter: Note During night/IMC operations the rescue litter shall be illuminated. A chemical light strap will be attached to both the head and foot end of the rescue litter on the same side as the “V” strap. Two chemical lights will be attached to each strap. a. Build up the SAR MEDEVAC litter (if used). b. Properly connect the rescue litter sling assembli es to the rescue/MEDEVAC litter (figure 1-16). Color coded: Red—head, White—foot. c. Connect the trail line V-strap (figure 1-17) to the correct side of the rescue/MEDEVAC litter for the type aircraft being hoisted into (head forward for H-46/H-53, feet forward for all other helicopters). d. Attach the snap hooks of the trail line assembly case to anchor points on the cabin decking, nearest the cabin door (figure 1-18). e. Attach the snap hook of the tr ail line to the trail line V-strap. f. Attach the weighted shot bag to the shot bag clip of the trail line.
All personnel handling the trail line during the hoisting procedure shall have gloves with leather, or other appropriately reinforced, palms. Note If needed, the CC shall tie the line-handling gloves (included in the trail line assembly) to the trail line. This can be accomplished by tying a slipknot just above the shot bag clip. Place the trail line gloves in the knot and tighten the knot to secure the gloves, so the RS/crewmember may retrieve the gloves before using the trail line. g. Attach the line-handling gloves to the trail line. h. Ensure the patient restrain t straps are properly stowed. i. The CC reports: RESCUE/MEDEVAC LITTER RIGGED, STANDING BY TO DEPLOY TRAIL LINE.
NTTP 3-50.1 1-39 SEP 2013
Figure 1-16. MEDEVAC Litter Connection Points for the Hoisting Slings and Trail Line Assembly
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-40
Figure 1-17. Trail Line Assembly Connection Points for the MEDEVAC and Stokes Litter
NTTP 3-50.1 1-41 SEP 2013
Figure 1-18. The Crew Chief Deploys the Weighted End of the Trail Line Assembly 5. The PAC commands: DEPLOY TRAIL LINE. 6. The CC acknowledges the command and lowe rs trail line hand-over-hand to the RS. 7. The CC observes the RS grabbing the trail line, and after receiving a THUMBS UP signal from the RS reports: RS HAS THE TRAIL LINE, STANDING BY TO DEPLOY RESCUE/MEDEVAC LITTER. 8. The PAC commands: DEPLOY RESCUE/MEDEVAC LITTER. 9. The CC acknowledges the command and lowers the rescue/MEDEVAC litter, using standard advisory reports:
The CC shall ensue the RS does not come in physical contact with the Rescue/ MEDEVAC litter until it has touched the water (trail lines are nonconductive and will not ground the litter).
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-42 10. The CC reports: LITTER IS IN THE WATER. 11. Upon observing the RS disconnecting the rescue/ MEDEVAC litter from the rescue hoist, the CC reports: LITTER IS CLEAR OF THE RESCUE HOOK. Note If the rescue/MEDEVAC litter was sent down without the rescue strop on the rescue hook, the CC shall connect the rescue strop to the rescue hook for rescue/MEDEVAC litter recovery. 12. The CC shall utilize verbal commands or crew hover to direct the helicopter back and left minimizing rotor wash interference with the RS/survivor. This will also facilitate visual contact with the RS/survivor. The hover position should be no closer to the RS/survivor than one rotor diameter outside the rotor wash area (figure 1-19). 13. The RS places the survivor in the rescue/MEDEVAC litter using procedures in chapter 3. 14. Upon receiving the hand signal from the RS, th e CC shall report: I HAVE A MOVE IN FOR PICK-UP SIGNAL. 15. The CC shall utilize verbal commands or crew hover to direct the helicopter back on top of the RS/survivor. Note Throughout the hoisting operation, the hoist operator, using standard voice procedures or crew hover, shall direct the helicopter into maintaining a stable hover over the RS/survivor. 16. The CC lowers the rescue hook (with rescue strop attached) to the RS for hook up. The CC shall use standard voice calls to keep the PAC/crew informed of progress: a. SWIMMER/SURVIVOR APPROACHING THE HOOK b. RESCUE LITTER HOOKED UP c. I HAVE A HOIST SIGNAL. 17. Upon receiving the RAISE CABLE hand signal, the CC shall raise the rescue/MEDEVAC litter to a point just on top of the surface. The rescue/MEDEVAC litter should be planned out/completely horizontal, and directly underneath the helicopter. The RS shall give the STOP HOISTING hand signal to the CC when satisfied with the position. 18. The CC reports: SWIMMER PERFORMING SAFETY CHECK. 19. Upon receiving a THUMBS UP signal from the RS , the CC reports: I HAVE HOIST SIGNAL, and hoists the rescue/MEDEVAC litter to the cabin door utilizing standard voice reports: a. LITTER IS CLEAR OF THE WATER b. LITTER IS HALFWAY UP c. LITTER IS AT CABIN DOOR.
NTTP 3-50.1 1-43 SEP 2013
Figure 1-19. The Rescue Swimmer Uses the Trail Line to Keep the Litter Parallel to the Helicopter’s Longitudinal Axis
The direction in which the rescue/MEDEVAC litter enters the aircraft is critical. Failure to position the patient in this manner could result in further injury to the patient or damage to the aircraft. Note The confined space of the H-60 cabin requires that the litter enter the cabin feet first in order to properly attend to the survivor once in the aircraft. However, the litter may enter the cabin head first if the situation warrants this to be the most appropriate method. 20. The CC and RS work together to guide the rescu e/MEDEVAC litter into cabin correctly. The RS uses the trail line to turn the rescue/MEDEVAC litter, while the CC lowers and guides the rescue/MEDEVAC litter into the cabin (figure 1-20). 21. The CC reports: SURVIVOR ABOARD, RECOVERING TRAIL LINE. The CC recovers the trail line hand-over-hand and stows it in the cabin where it will not hinder movement. The CC shall then report: TRAIL LINE SECURED, RECOVERING SWIMMER. 22. The RS is recovered using the st andard procedures in paragraph 1.3.7. 23. After the RS is recovered, the CC readies the cabin for forward flight and reports, RESCUE STATION SECURED, CLEAR FOR FORWARD FLIGHT.
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-44
Figure 1-20. The Crew Chief, While Paying Out Hoist Cable, Guides the MEDEVAC Litter into the Helicopter 1.5 SURVIVOR FLOTATION IN THE HELICOPTER Once a survivor is safely onboard the aircraft, the survivor’s personal flotation device should be deflated or replaced. 1. The optimum procedure is to remove or deflate th e survivor’s personal flotation device and replace with a personal flotation device from the aircraft (life preserver personal (LPP)-1/A, LPU-32/P, etc.). 2. Should the survivor(s) injuries preclude removal of fl otation or donning new flotation, the flotation should be deflated and the survivor should be placed in a rescue/MEDEVAC litter with a chest pad after medical treatment is completed. 1.6 HELICOPTER LIFE RAFT DEPLOYMENT Life rafts carried by naval helicopters are designed and intended for use by the helicopter crew and passengers in case of helicopter ditching at sea. These life rafts are not specifically designed for deployment in SAR scenarios, (i.e., to be deployed by the helicopter crew, and inflate upon reaching the ocean surface).
Use applicable T/M/S NATOPS procedures, altitude, and airspeed limitations for life raft deployment scenarios.
NTTP 3-50.1 1-45 SEP 2013 Notes The recommended altitude/airspeed limitations for deploying a multiplace life raft (MPLR) (series) life raft (inflated or uninflated) is 10/10 or 15/0. Rescue crews should be aware that deploying rafts to survivors will reduce the number of life rafts available for helicopter crew and passengers in the event of a mishap. SAR duty/plane guard helicopters should consider taking an additional life raft to deploy in SAR situations. 1.6.1 Uninflated Life Raft Deployment 1. If a RS is available, he/she should be deployed in to the water first to inflate subsequently deployed life rafts and assist survivors in boarding. 2. If survivors are suspected to be military aircrew, ra ft may be deployed and survivors if conscious/uninjured can inflate and board raft unassisted.
The helicopter crew shall take every precaution to ensure the uninflated life raft does not strike the survivor(s) in the water. 3. Uninflated life raft deployment should be close enough to survivor(s) to ensure survivors can locate and inflate raft immediately, especially in low-visibility/night scenarios. 1.6.2 Inflated Life Raft Deployment The following procedures are for MPLR series life rafts only.
MPLR series life raft shall not under any circumstance be attached to an aircraft and deployed for immediate inflation without a weak link installed. Rescue crews attempting to deploy a raft in such a fashion as to inflate upon reaching ocean surface should be thoroughly familiar with NA 13-1-6 series manuals outlining the applicable equipment and manual-inflation procedures. Improperly deployed life raft inflight can result in damaged/punctured rafts or rafts blown back into aircraft rotor system. 1. Attach one snap hook of the weak link to the equipment ring of the double rescue hook. If the rescue hoist is in use, attach the weak link snap hook to a cabin deck ring closest to the door. 2. Attach the free snap hook of the weak link to the snap hook located at the end of the MPLR actuation/mooring line. 3. Ensure applicable T/M/S altit ude/airspeed restrictions are met. 4. Push (do not throw) life raft out of the cabin door, guiding it straight down with free hand.
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-46 1.7 HELICOPTER-TO-SHIP PERSONNEL TRANSFER Notes The RS shall be lowered to the ship if the ship’s deck crew is not familiar with personnel transfer and/or the CC is unable to visually ensure proper hookup procedures. Trail-line procedures may be used during personnel/equipment transfer. Refer to paragraph 1.7.2. The hoisting procedures are as follows: 1. When the transferee is connected to the large rescue hook and completely ready for hoisting, the RS/deck crew gives the CC the “raise cable” signal (chapter 6). 2. Once clear of the deck, the CC shall recover the tr ansferee IAW the procedures outlined in paragraph 1.4, steps 10–18. 1.7.1 Hoisting Vest While the hoisting vest is not a maritime rescue device, it can be used for transfer of personnel from ship to helicopter. The CC shall ensure the vest is worn with a flotation device and that it is attached properly to the large rescue hook (figure 1-21).
Figure 1-21. Hoisting Vest
NTTP 3-50.1 1-47 SEP 2013 1.7.2 Helicopter-to-Ship Trail-Line Hoisting Procedures There are situations that can make the transferring of personnel by helicopter to or from surface vessels extremely hazardous due to vessel size, movement, and/or location of obstructions. Sea state and/or weather conditions may also decrease the pilot’s ability to maintain a steady hover over a vessel. Use of the trail line in such situations will greatly increase the safety of ship-to-helicopter transfers while lessening the pilot workload. The vessel should be underway, preferably into the seas. The helicopter makes an approach across the vessel’s deck, normally from starboard to port, dragging the weighted trail line into the grasp of deck personnel. The helicopter can then hover close aboard but clear of obstacles. The helicopter shall hover at least twice as high as its horizontal distance from the vessel. For example, if the hover is maintained so that the vessel is kept just outside of the rotor arc, the hover altitude should be equal to or greater than the rotor diameter. The following are the helicopter trail-line procedures:
Deck personnel may not be able to prevent the person who is being hoisted from entering the water if the helicopter hovers so far from the vessel that the trail line angle is less than 60 degrees. Under no circumstances shall the CC allow the ship’s crew to tie off a line from an airborne helicopter. In the event that the trail line is intentionally or unintentionally attached to the ship, the CC shall notify the PAC and immediately accomplish T/M/S NATOPS procedures for a fouled rescue hoist cable.
Notes More information on the trail line assembly can be found in chapter 5. During the execution of the trail line hoist, 10 degrees and 20 degrees relative winds may be more favorable than the norm of 30 degrees relative wind. At the discretion of the HAC, the RS may be hoisted down to the ship to assist the ship’s crew with the hoisting procedure. 1. Pilot commands, MAN THE RESCUE STATION FOR TRAIL LINE HOIST. Notes The trail line is attached to the equipment ring of the rescue hook for all rescue devices except the rescue/MEDEVAC litter, in which case it is attached to the rescue/MEDEVAC litter V-strap. A weak link has been incorporated, which will break if excessive force (approximately 450 pounds) is applied to the trail line. 2. The CC replies: ROGER, UNSTRAPPING, and rigs the trail line for deployment: a. Attach the snap hooks of the trail line assembly case to anchor points on the cabin decking, nearest the cabin door. b. Attach the snap hook of the trail line to the equipment ring of the rescue hook (figure 1-22).
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-48
Figure 1-22. Trail Line Connected to the Equipment Ring of the Rescue Hook c. The CC shall attach the weighted shot ba g to the shot bag clip of the trail line.
All personnel handling the trail line during the hoisting procedure shall have gloves with leather, or other appropriately reinforced, palms. Note If needed, the CC shall tie the line-handling gloves (included in the trail line assembly) to the trail line. This can be accomplished by tying a slipknot just above the shot bag clip. Place the trail line gloves in the knot and tighten the knot to secure the gloves, so the RS/crewmember may retrieve the gloves before using the trail line. d. Attach the line-handling gloves to the trail line. 3. The CC reports: TRAIL LINE RIGGED, STANDING BY TO DEPLOY TRAIL LINE. 4. The PAC commands: STAND BY TO DEPLOY TRAIL LINE. 5. The CC replies: STANDING BY TO DEPLOY TRAIL LINE. 6. The PAC maneuvers the helicopter to a steady hover over the ship’s deck.
NTTP 3-50.1 1-49 SEP 2013 7. The PAC commands: DEPLOY TRAIL LINE.
Do not deploy the trail line without adequate weight attached. Note The CC shall deploy the trail line hand-over-hand out of the aircraft. 8. The CC acknowledges the command, and lowers the trail line hand-over-hand (figure 1-19), keeping the PAC informed of progress using standard voice terminology: a. LOWERING TRAIL LINE b. TRAIL LINE HALFWAY DOWN c. TRAIL LINE ON DECK d. DECK CREW HAS TRAIL LINE. 9. The CC reports: STANDING BY TO DEPLOY THE (RESCUE DEVICE). 10. The PAC commands: DEPLOY THE (RESCUE DEVICE). 11. The CC acknowledges the command, and lowers th e appropriate rescue device, using the standard terminology: a. LOWERING (RESCUE DEVICE) b. (RESCUE DEVICE) HALFWAY DOWN c. (RESCUE DEVICE) ON DECK.
Excess hoist cable on the deck of the ship is a hazard. Excess hoist cable should be deployed by the CC grabbing the hoist cable and creating a loop. This will allow the CC to meter out slack in the hoist cable by loosening the grip on the hoist cable and allowing it to slide through the hand. 12. Once the rescue device is on the ship’s deck, more hoist cable shall be deployed to allow for relative movement between the vessel and the helicopter. 13. The CC shall keep the PAC advised of deck stat us and relative position of the aircraft. Upon receiving a THUMBS-UP signal from the deck crew, the CC shall report: I HAVE A RAISE CABLE SIGNAL. 14. The CC shall recover the rescue device using the following voice procedures: a. TAKING TENSION ON HOIST
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-50 b. (RESCUE DEVICE) TENDED BY DECK PERSONNEL c. (RESCUE DEVICE) CLEAR OF THE DECK d. (RESCUE DEVICE) IS PLUMB TO RESCUE HOIST. 15. Once the rescue device is plumb (directly underneath) , standard voice procedures shall be used to retrieve the rescue device into the aircraft: a. SURVIVOR HALFWAY UP b. SURVIVOR AT THE CABIN DOOR. 16. Upon arrival of the survivor at the aircraft cabin door, the CC shall maneuver survivor/rescue device as required (see paragraph 1.4) for transition into the aircraft cabin.
Do not detach the RS/survivor from the rescue hook until the RS/survivor are safely in the cabin of the helicopter, and the cabin door is closed (if the chosen rescue device allows the cabin door to be closed). Note If the chosen rescue device does not allow for the cabin door to be closed, the CC shall maintain physical control of the survivor at all times until the survivor is safely secured into the aircraft. 17. When the survivor is completely inside the he licopter, the CC shall position him/herself in the cabin door, guarding against the survivor falling out. The CC shall report: SURVIVOR ABOARD. Note Ensure applicable T/M/S NATOPS airspeed restrictions are adhered to while the hoist cable is deployed from the aircraft rescue hoist assembly, and while the cabin door is not completely closed. 18. The CC shall pay out only enough hoist cable to a llow the cabin door to be closed as far as possible without damaging the cable and/or trail line. 19. Once the cabin door is closed, the CC shall: a. Remove the survivor from the rescue device. b. Secure the survivor in an aircraft seat. 20. The CC opens the cabin door IAW T/M/S NATOPS procedures and reports: SURVIVOR (OR EQUIPMENT) SECURED IN AIRCRAFT. STANDING BY TO HAUL IN TRAIL LINE. 21. The PAC commands: HAUL IN TRAIL LINE.
NTTP 3-50.1 1-51 SEP 2013 22. The CC acknowledges the command, hauls in the trai l line hand-over-hand, and stows it in the cabin where it will not hinder movement. 23. The CC closes the cabin door and repor ts: AFTER STATION SECURED, CLEAR FOR FORWARD FLIGHT. 1.8 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 1.8.1 Rescue Hoist Failure During a Rescue In the event of a rescue hoist failure during a rescue, the CC shall notify the HAC and perform rescue hoist failure procedures IAW T/M/S NATOPS manual/PCL. If determined that the rescue hoist is jammed and/or unusable, the crew shall make a decision on how to recover the RS/survivor. If personnel are attached to the rescue hoist at the time of the failure, the PAC should lower the helicopter until the personnel are in the water and can safely unhook from the rescue hoist. If lowering the personnel into the water is too hazardous to the personnel on the rescue hoist, the PAC should, at a minimum, lower the helicopter until the personnel are at a reasonable altitude should the rescue hoist cable break. 1.8.2 Jammed Rescue Hoist Procedures 1. After completing the T/M/S NATOPS procedures for rescue hoist failure, the CC determines that hoist is jammed, and reports: RESCUE HOIST IS JAMMED/UNUSABLE. STANDING BY TO PERFORM JAMMED RESCUE HOIST PROCEDURES. 2. The HAC acknowledges, and reports: PERFORM JAMMED HOIST PROCEDURES. Note Due to the close proximity of the rescue hoist support to the number two engine intake on H-60 airframes, the crewman’s safety belt shall be fed over the rescue hoist support from aft to front. 3. The CC attaches the waist belt portion of the crewman’s safety belt (crewman’s safety belt) over the boom/support of the rescue hoist (figure 1-23). 4. The CC attaches the shackle of the cable grip (parag raph 5.4.1.3) to the snap hook of the crewman’s safety belt strap. 5. The crewman connects the cable grip to the hoistin g cable by placing the cable between the jaws of the cable grip, shackle end up. Note If at all possible, the personnel on the hoist should be lowered into the water prior to attempting step 6. 6. The CC pulls the safety strap to shorten it until slack is visible in the rescue hoist cable, which relieves tension on the rescue hoist drum and brake assembly. 7. If personnel on the hoist were lowe red into the water, the PAC must lift the personnel clear of the water by raising the collective flight control. The CC shall advise the PAC when personnel are well clear of the water.
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-52
Figure 1-23. Emergency Securing of the Rescue Hoist Cable 8. The CC reports: JAMMED HOIST PROCEDURES COMPLETED, CLEAR FOR FORWARD FLIGHT. Note During transit, it is recommended that the personnel on the rescue hoist be no higher than 30 feet above ground level (AGL), and airspeed be no faster than safe single engine airspeed. 9. The PAC acknowledges, and keeps the helicopter within T/M/S NATOPS limitations for maneuvering with a rescue hoist load. 10. The CC shall keep the PAC apprised of the personne l’s condition, oscillations, and height above the water. 1.8.3 Severed Rescue Hoist Cable In the event that the rescue hook has been either intentionally or unintentionally severed from the hoist cable, it may be possible to fix the problem in flight, and continue to use the rescue hoist. In this instance, the hoist quick splice plate (paragraph 1.8.4) may be rigged.
NTTP 3-50.1 1-53 SEP 2013 Note Normally, a Lucas Western or Breeze Eastern Rescue Hoist will be rendered unusable if the rescue hoist cable is severed utilizing the squib (emergency separation device), due to the squib’s location in the hoist assembly. 1. If time permits, and continued use of the rescue hoist is desired/needed, the rescue hoist cable should be cut with the pneumatic rescue hand tool or manual rescue hand tool, using the following procedures. Note Failure to properly prepare the rescue hoist cable prior to cutting will result in the hoist cable unraveling when it is cut. a. A strong type of tape, such as ordnance tape, shoul d be tightly wrapped around desired area to be cut. b. Cut the rescue hoist cable directly below the tightly wound tape. Note If unable to prepare the hoist cable prior to cutting, the cable might be salvaged by taping it tightly, either where the unraveling stops, or as high up towards the rescue hoist as possible. Once taped, let out a small amount of hoist cable and retape. Continue with this procedure until the unraveling stops. Once good rescue hoist cable is found, use the above procedures at a point 1–2 feet above that spot. 1.8.4 Rigging the Hoist Quick Splice Plate The hoist quick splice plate assembly (figure 1-24) affords the CC the opportunity to fit a severed rescue hoist cable with a new rescue hook. The following notes, warnings, and procedures apply:
Failure to rig the cable through the hoist quick splice plate properly will result in the cable slipping out of the quick splice when tension is applied. The hoist quick splice plate may not engage the rescue hoist upper limit switch. Separation of the quick splice/rescue hoist cable is possible when the hoist quick splice plate assembly reaches the upper limit switch of the rescue hoist. The rescue hoist shall not be fully raised when using the hoist quick splice plate. Note A properly rigged quick splice will not affect (degrade) rescue hoist weight limitations. 1. Lace the hoist cable through the numbered holes starting with “1.” 2. Place the bitter end of the cable b ack under itself between holes “3” and “4.” 3. Once correctly routed through all five holes, the bitte r end of the cable shall be routed under the retainer clip (figure 1-24). 4. The quick splice is ready to use, and normal hoisting may be resumed.
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-54 1.8.5 Cable Splice (P/N AMTC-R2008-0) Procedures
Failure to rig the cable through the cable splice properly will result in the cable slipping out of the cable splice when tension is applied. Notes A properly rigged cable splice will not affect (degrade) rescue hoist weight limitations. The top plate serves to secure the cable and trip the hoist upper limit (cable stop) switch. Hoist cable routing instructions are etched on the face of the cable splice plate. 1. Start by placing the cable bitter end across the face plate of the cable splice. 2. Route the cable through the slots of the cable splice beginning with the slot marked number “1.” 3. Route cable around the back and through the slot marked number “2.” 4. Route the cable over the bitter end and through slot number “3.” 5. Route the cable around the back and through slot number “4.” 6. Route the cable up and through slot number “5” ensu re you have routed the cable over the bitter end. 7. Route the cable through the locking sl ot on the top plate of the cable splice. The cable splice is ready to use, and hoisting may be resumed.
NTTP 3-50.1 1-55 SEP 2013
Figure 1-24. The Crew Chief Places the Bitter End of the Rescue Hoist Cable Under the Retainer Clip 1.9 AVIATION SEARCH AND RESCUE READINESS CONDITIONS The following readiness conditions are to be utilized for search and rescue. 1.9.1 SAR Condition I The aircraft shall be spotted for immediate launch. It shall be headed into the relative wind with rotor blades spread, starting equipment plugged in, and a landing signal enlisted (LSE), starting crewman, plane captain, and required plane handlers standing by. Unless otherwise directed, at least four tie-downs shall be attached to the aircraft. The flight crew shall be ready for launch in all respects, with all personal equipment attached and adjusted as in flight. When the air officer passes the word to stand by to launch the Condition I helicopter(s), engines shall be started without further instructions; however, rotor engagement and launch shall be positively controlled by the tower. 1.9.2 SAR Condition II The same conditions apply as for Condition I, except that flight crews shall stand by in the ready rooms or in other such suitable locations.
NTTP 3-50.1 SEP 2013 1-56 1.9.3 SAR Condition III Main rotor blades may be folded and the aircraft need not be in position for immediate launch; however, it must be parked so as to allow direct access to a suitable launch spot. A tow bar shall be attached to the aircraft and a specific LSE, tractor driver, handling crew, and starting crewman shall be designated and assigned to each helicopter. These personnel must be thoroughly briefed so that when the order is given to prepare launch, the aircraft can be safely and expeditiously moved into position and readied for launch. Flight crews should be briefed for the launch and be standing by at a designated location. 1.9.4 SAR Condition IV This is similar to Condition III except that minor maintenance may be performed on the aircraft if no delay in launch is involved.