CHAPTER 13
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and team training. These responsibilities include the following: • Plan, brief, conduct, and debrief training using applicable instructions and publications. • Raise watch stander level of knowledge (LOK) through a program that combines evolutions, seminars, and embedded training devices in addition to drills and exercises. • Assess the readiness and effectiveness of watch teams in the performance of watch station specific tasks. • Analyze problem areas or training deficiencies and initiate corrective actions to eliminate the possibility of personnel injury and damage to equipment. DAMAGE CONTROL TRAINING TEAM (DCTT) MEMBERSHIP The damage control training team is composed of qualified senior members of the ship’s crew specifically tasked to ensure the ship’s company maintains the highest level of battle readiness. This training is maintained through comprehensive training programs, which include lectures and drill scenarios. Members of the DCTT should include the following: team leader, team coordinator, watch station evaluators, trainers, and safety observers. The responsibilities of these members of the training team are stated below. Damage Control Training Team (DCTT) Team Leader The executive officer serves as the chairman of the planning board for training and team leader of the DCTT. The executive officer will coordinate the planning and execution of the ship’s training effort. The team leader of the DCTT is responsible for the management of the training team. This requires the team leader to conduct additional duties that include the following: • Be a member of the planning board for training (PB4T) and the DCTT. • Formulate a training package tailored to specific integrated or individual functional area team training objectives. • Identify training constraints, disclosures and simulations, and annotate the training package accordingly. • Present the proposed training package to the commanding officer for approval. • Conduct a prebrief for each training event for training team members and the repair party being trained. • Ensure the training team before each training event conducts a thorough safety walk- thru to ensure conditions have not changed. • Supervise the conduct of the training event. • Conduct the training event debriefs. • Establish a feedback mechanism to address deficiencies identified during exercises conducted. • Identify training shortfalls and lessons learned. Damage Control Training Team (DCTT) Team Coordinator The ship’s senior Damage Controlman or Hull Maintenance Technician normally hold the position of DCTT team coordinator. The team coordinator is responsible to the DCTT team leader for the following: • Organizing all team training periods, developing training event plans, and making all preparations in support of the event execution. • Serving as overall manager of the training event briefs, performance, and debriefs. • Training of team members in the proper conduct of their duties as drill initiators, exercise observers, and safety observers. These duties also include the operational risk management (ORM) process. • Compiling the results of the training event and submit the event evaluation sheets along with the critique sheets to the team leader for review. • Acting as coordinator for all recommendations and feedback concerning the training team. Trainers, Evaluators, and Safety Observers Trainers, evaluators, and safety observers directly observe individual and team performance of the training event and some may act as initiators. Their duties include the following: • Conduct on on-sight observations and evaluations. • Conduct safety walk through and pre-event checks. 13-2
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• Provide training/prompting as necessary to meet the training objective during exercises conducted in the training mode. • Normally provide prompting only as required to prevent disruption of the event timeline or for safety reasons during exercises conducted in the evaluation mode. • Provide immediate feedback to individual watch standers upon completion of the training event. • Provide a post-exercise debrief on observations noted, lessons learned, and recommendations for corrective actions. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS OF DAMAGE CONTROL TRAINING Learning Objectives : Recall the objectives and methods of damage control training. The goal of damage control training is to organize individual and team training to ensure shipboard readiness. An effective training program is based on a logical continuum of training, starting with basic knowledge/actions and progressing to more complex evolutions. This type of training includes classroom lectures and intensive casualty drill scenarios. OBJECTIVES OF DAMAGE CONTROL TRAINING Consistent training produces an optimal level of readiness that prepares members of repair party teams to react more efficiently and effectively to actual casualties. The general objectives of damage control training include the following: • Writing and conducting various damage control exercises • Developing the ability to meet training objectives as briefed • Developing the ability to assess repair parties in all DC exercises • Evaluating the ability to set and maintain material condition ZEBRA • Developing the ability to recognize unsafe actions and conditions • Developing the ability to recognize material deficiencies in damage control equipment and damage control fittings • Developing the ability to brief, execute, debrief, and critique damage control exercises Familiarization with basic damage control doctrine as directed in the following: Naval Ships Technical Manual (NSTM ), chapter 555; NSTM , 13-3 Q1. What person is responsible for the damage control training teams? 1. Team leader 2. Damage controlman chief 3. Division officer 4. Damage control assistant Q2. One of the responsibilities of the training team is to assess the readiness and effectiveness of watchteam performance of watchstation specific tasks. 1. True 2. False Q3. What person is designated chairman of the planning board for training and is also the team leader for the damage control training team (DCTT)? 1. Commanding officer 2. Executive officer 3. Operations officer 4. Engineer officer Q4. What person serves as overall manager of the training event briefs, performance, and debriefs? 1. DCTT team leader 2. DCTT team coordinator 3. Evaluator 4. Safety Observer REVIEW QUESTIONS Q5. What person is responsible to complete a safety walk-through and pre-event check prior to a drill? 1. Trainers 2. Evaluators 3. Safety observers 4. All team members
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chapter 079, volume II; NSTM, chapter 470; NSTM, chapter 070; NSTM , chapter 077; “Repair Party Manual,” Naval Warfare Publication (NWP) 3-20.31; Surface Force Training Manual (SFTM ), COMNA VSURFLANT/PACINST 3502.2E; and Ship’s Organization and Regulations Manual (SORM), OPNA VINST 3120.32C Damage Control Assistant (DCA) The specific damage control training objectives for the damage control assistant (DCA) for damage control training are as follows: • Training in the coordinating and monitoring of repair party’s actions in multiple hit damage control problems • Training in communicating vital information to ship control stations • Training in evaluating damage and setting priorities for repair actions • Providing informal material deficiency assessment • Training in directing CBR defense postures Damage Control Repair Parties The specific objectives of damage control training for damage control repair parties include the following: • Executing various damage control exercises • Ensuring all repair party members can don and operate SCBAs, OBAs, and EEBDs • Conducting informal inventories and inspection of repair party equipment • Exercising pipe patching, shoring, dewatering, and plugging teams in hands-on drills • Training CBR teams in proper monitoring, decontamination, and contamination control procedures • Training CCA/decon personnel in setting up and processing contaminated personnel • Developing the ability to set material conditions In-port Damage Control Training Team The responsibilities of the in-port damage control training team for damage control training are as follows: • Training covering the duties of the in-port damage control training team • Providing exercises in fire, underwater hull damage, and toxic gas drills • Training in rescue and assistance Damage Control Petty Officers The responsibilities of damage control petty officers for damage control training are as follows: • Training on responsibilities for setting and maintaining material YOKE • Training on setting requirements for material condition YOKE • Training on maintenance of portable damage control equipment METHODS OF DAMAGE CONTROL TRAINING There are many examples of effective training methods. One is lectures on various portable and installed damage control equipment. The lecture method of training discusses the basic parts, the functions of each part, and the operation of equipment with limiting parameters. Another method of training is hands-on training, sometimes called demonstration/performance; for example, having the trainee demonstrate the proper setup and operation of the P-100 fire-fighting pump. Also, training could include developing and conducting a simple scenario for in-port fire drills. Scenarios Experience has proven that training scenarios provide a good means for training teams to conduct efficient exercises and drills, including integrated training. The ultimate goal is for the ship’s training teams to attain self-sufficiency and to maintain proficiency by conducting realistic, safe, and progressive scenarios designed to meet specific training objectives. To be effective, training must be scheduled and conducted beyond the basic training phase and continue throughout the entire operating cycle. 13-4
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Effective integrated scenario-based training exercises the ship as a complete system. It affects multi-mission areas, not merely parallel/simultaneous exercises, and demonstrates the intra-dependency and interdependency of systems. Designing and conducting scenarios that demonstrate cause and effect relationships between systems are the essence of integrated training. For example, loss of firemain pressure could also cause the loss of your aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) stations reducing a ship’s fire-fighting capabilities. Ship-wide integrated training efforts involve significant commitment of personnel and time, because this training involves more complex development and planning. Functional area training can be conducted independently by each training team as time and resources permit. Coordination Between Training Teams Senior Damage Controlman personnel find it necessary to coordinate, develop, and conduct intensive training, such as a main space fire or flooding drill. Development of such comprehensive shipboard damage control training programs often requires the development of drills that make coordination between training teams vitally important. These coordination efforts run from simple to complex, depending on the training objective. Some factors that must be considered to complete these coordination efforts include the following: 1. Props. — What props are required? — Has there been a review of the lists of props presented in NWP-3-20.31 or provided by afloat training group (ATG) publications? — How much of the requirement can a prop realistically simulate? 2. A logical drill progression. 3. The time allotted. 4. How will this drill impact other divisions, departments, and the ship as a whole, especially electrical drills or drills that impact ships speed or maneuverability? 5. SAFETY. Safety is a primary concern during all training events. If an unsafe condition exists, the training event should be STOPPED until a safe condition is established. During training, planning, and operations, the operational risk management (ORM) process must be used. The training team leaders are responsible for ensuring that proper procedures are used in planning training events. A safety walk through must always be conducted before training to ensure no conditions have changed before drills and the results reported to the team leader. Affected spaces and equipment must be checked for things like missing deck plates, damaged or missing handrails, electrical hazards, and so forth. During all training evolutions the trainer must constantly monitor for safety hazards and practices and be ready to correct any discrepancies even if it means stopping training or a drill-in process. Damage control training effectiveness is directly related to realistic training scenarios. Too many simulations weaken drills, causing personnel to lose interest and enthusiasm, which significantly degrades training effectiveness. DCTT disclosures must be realistic and clear; manipulating indicators, staging realistic props, and generating smoke and standard disclosure techniques will reduce confusion and increase training effectiveness. Table 13-1 provides a list of recommended methods and techniques for the use of props that the DCTT can apply when developing training scenarios. DRILL GUIDE DEVELOPMENT Learning Objective: Recall the requirements and guidance provided for development and implementation of drill guides for damage control training. Afloat training groups (ATGs) provide Navy ships with examples and packages of recommended damage control drills. An example of the contents of a typical drill scenario is as follows: 1. DEFINITION: A drill guide is a standardized procedure for conducting casualty/damage control training. 2. NUMBERING: Each drill guide should be identified with a two-part code. For example: DG01/SLQ-32, DG02/TSSE 7, DG03/DCMS CBR-D, and so on. Part 1 identifies the drill guide number. Part 2 identifies the system/scenario/event. Some examples of these are as follows: 13-5
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13-6 TYPE OF SIMULATED TRAINING EQUIPMENT AND PROPS THAT CAN BE USED REMARKS Presence of Fire Red lens flashlight with red streamers above waist level Red rags Strobe light - used in cableways or on electrical panels to simulate class CHARLIE fire Red flashing beacon - rotating light to simulate flames Activate high temp alarm Examples of training goals: Increase fire-fighter’s proficiency Simulate flame effectiveness of smoke boundaries, etc. Desmoking procedures Smoke curtain effectiveness NFTI/Fire-finder training DCTT DRESS Distinguishing clothing markings include the following: Arm bands, red ball caps, red coveralls, flight deck jerseys, etc. EMERGENCY EGRESS Use blindfolds for all personnel. Use training EEBDs if sufficient quantities are available. DISCLOSURES AND SIMULATIONS Halon/CO2 flooding released: Operate pressure switches for ventilation shutdown and alarms CO2 dumped in module/enclosure: Place white paper over glass window. Fire/smoke in module/enclosure: Place red and black design/flag over observation window. Alarms: Place chem-lights at several locations after fire party has extinguished main fire. Exothermic Cutters: Use topside on scrap metal. Heat Source for NFTI/Fire Finder Hot potato Heat gun Micro waved bag of rice Fire Contained Props at waist level Fire Out Props out of sight, on the deck, or turned off Smoke Smoke machine Hang Fire White rags Place heat source prop in space Activation Allow plugman to open valve, then DCTT secure it CO 2 White rag or talcum powder AFFF White rag or plastic bag full of packing materials (white styrofoam popcorn) PKP Purple rag Desmoking Remove props. Actual removal of smoke using positive ventilation or portable blowers Table 13-1. Examples of the Use of Props to Support Training Drills/Scenarios
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13-7 TYPE OF SIMULATED TRAINING EQUIPMENT AND PROPS THAT CAN BE USED REMARKS Jammed WTD/WTH Large masking tape X on the fitting; DCCT member hold fitting handle to prevent opening Sparking: Use welder’s sparking tool or strobe light Explosion: Bang on deck plates, the more noise, the better the drills. REPAIR PARTY ACTION should include: Charge fire hoses for all drills. Secure hose at the plug. To provide realistic hose handling training depending on drill scenario objectives. No charged fire hose should be allowed into an electronics space for training purposes. Conduct actual shoring and pipe patching. Rig P-100—fire fighting or dewatering. Light off OBAs as practical, considering allowance requirements. (Never use training canisters in a drill scenario.) Hot Surface Bubble wrap on fitting, deck, or bulkhead or piece of charred wood Bulkhead/Deck Size of hole cut from black sheet rubber and placed in position Gas Free Test Grease pencil marks on 4 gas analyzer, explosive meter or O2 indicator and Draeger tubes. Electrical Isolation Actual isolation and hang SECURED signs after watch stander places hands on correct component OBA Activation Fire-fighter member takes actual canister to scene. A DCTT member takes canister and replaces it with sticker or masking tape with date written on it AFFF Activation Post-ACTIVATED sign on control switch after the watch stander attempts to push it (Ensure station is in RECIRC) Use of AFFF (Installed systems) Grease pencil marks on sight glass. Run magnet down sight glass Halon Effective Hang white or gray streamers from overhead near view ports. Cool boundaries in surrounding spaces. White or gray streamers near main space ventilation outlets and stack Halon Ineffective Hang black streamers from overhead near view ports. Hot boundaries (bubble wrap). Black streamers near main space ventilation outlets and stack Table 13-1. Examples of the Use of Props to Support Training Drills/Scenarios (continued)
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• DG01/USW — Drill guide #1 for the underwater weapons system. • DG02/TSSE 7 — Drill guide #2 for the total ship survivability exercise #7. • DG03/CS — Drill guide #3 for combat casualties that involve several systems. • DG01/DCMS CBR-D — Drill guide #1 for conduct of CBR-D exercise. 3. TITLE: Defines the effect desired. Example are as follows: • Loss of power to an equipment or system caused by “tripped circuit breakers”, “engineering casualty,” or “battle damage,” and so forth. • Loss of auxiliary support equipment, cooling water system, and air system, due to ruptured pipes, clogged strainers, failed pumps, power losses, and so forth. • Class BRA VO fire in the emergency diesel generator (EDG) space. • Chemical/biological attack. 4. PURPOSE: Explains the overall goal/purpose of the drill. Examples are as follows: • “To exercise the crew in combating damage in a CBR environment and maintain the ability of the ship to conduct its mission.” • “To exercise and evaluate the watch sections and the at-sea fire party’s response to a class BRA VO fire in an EDG space.” 5. REFERENCES: Lists the references used in the development/validation of the casualty/drill, damage control plates. Examples of references are: Naval Warfare Publications (NWPs), Naval Ship’s Technical Manuals (NSTMs), Navy Safety Precautions for Forces Afloat , OPNA VINST 5100.19C, and fleet exercise publications (FXPs) 13-8 TYPE OF SIMULATED TRAINING EQUIPMENT AND PROPS THAT CAN BE USED REMARKS Heavy Smoke (to prompt active desmoking) Black rag over scene leader’s OBA facepiece Casualty Power: Rig and energize. Rig Sub-Pump: Place pump in clean trashcan full of water.Bilge Vapor Seal Bucket of soapy water Halon/COs Activation/Release Operate pressure switches for vent shutdowns and alarms/halon release pressure switch Halon Soak Time IAW Main Space Fire Doctrine (MSFD) Loss of Firemain Grease pencil mark on firemain gauge; False gauge face Hazard Type of spill on deck or from piping: Water: Blue rags Fuel/lube oil: Yellow rags Hydraulic Fluid: Orange rags Table 13-1. Examples of the Use of Props to Support Training Drills/Scenarios (continued)
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6. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS: Safety precautions should contain at least the following statement: “Forces afloat will comply withNavy Safety Precautions for Forces Afloat , OPNA VINST 5100.19 series.” Additional precautions identified during ORM, hot/cold checks, and other means, such as Naval Ships Technical Manuals (NSTMs) should also be listed. An example of a precaution is as follows: • LP air will be vented in OOD Station #3; all personnel must wear hearing protection. 1. CAUTIONS: Identifies any special care or concern associated with insertion points, imposition methodology, and impact of the fault or casualty. Examples of cautions are as follows: • Drill insertion will secure firemain flow. Do not allow impacted equipment to be damaged. • Sonar dome pressure may be affected due to isolation of the firemain system. A static FM pressure (150 psi) should effectively maintain sonar dome pressure (39.5 +2/-0 psi) throughout the scenario. • SSGTG cooling, CIWS cooling, and VLS deluge and sprinkling system may be affected due to firemain isolation. • Chilled water casualty will effect the following equipment: (list equipment). • HP air will be lost to the AFT VLS launcher, no tactical impact. • Loss of MER #2 drill execution will require emergency shutdown of the gas turbine modules. Shutdown of the gas turbine, without the normal 5 minutes of operation at idle and when T5.4 temperature during operation was 1250ºF or higher, may cause uneven cooling of the power turbine which could adversely affect operation. 8. PREREQUISITES: Identifies any special system setup before drill/fault/casualty insertion Examples of prerequisites are as follows: • Close valve ALP-V-576 in OOD Station #3 (1-366-l-Q). • Remove quick-disconnect fitting at LP air pneumatic tool outlet outside of OOD Station #3 (1-366-l-Q). 9. DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: The description of a procedure should identify the following: • Crew watch condition (if applicable). • Specific instructions for casualty/fault insertion and alternate if applicable. Examples of procedures are as follows: • Casualty Insertion: Damage is simulated by the use of standard disclosure methods and visual aids. • See EOSS Firemain System Diagram DFM and Firemain and Drainage Damage Control Plates for associated piping information. • Pipe ruptures will be simulated by isolating the port and starboard firemain pressure gauges in repair two, three, and five, and in CCS. • At the hit, close the following globe isolation valves for damage control central (DCC) remote port and starboard pressure transducers: • Open the cap for the transducer test/isolation connection and release the pressure. Retighten the cap and verify the test/isolation connection valve is open. • Verbal disclosure of lost or degraded final protective lines (FPLs), sprinkler systems, CM wash down, and so forth, will be given upon activation of the system and will be done at the activation site, if remotely operated, or on site if locally operated. • The training team member monitoring ship’s force actions will determine when firemain isolation occurs as well as which equipment has been affected. 10. EXPECTED ACTIONS: Describes how or where the casualty/fault will manifest itself. Examples of expected actions are as follows: • CCS personnel will respond to low-pressure reading in DCC by sending investigators to identify break location. • Repair party investigators will identify firemain leak and flooding, and report to the repair locker. • The isolation team will isolate damaged firemain piping in crew living space 5 (3-310-2-L) by closing valves FM-V-319 (3-337-2) and FM-V-318 (3-339-2). 13-9 Transducer Valve Location Port FM-V-343 Passage (2-370-2-L) Starboard FM-V-339 Passage (1-78-01-L)
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11. EXPECTED/POSSIBLE PROBLEMS: Describes the impact of casualty/fault during the period of the drill and actions that should be taken to restore systems after the drill is completed. Examples of expected/possible problems are as follows: • Loss of weapons systems capabilities during loss of cooling water drill. • Ensure normal firemain valve alignment is restored once exercise is completed. • Remove all ship’s standard disclosures and visual aids from the assigned damage locations. DRILL GUIDE V ALIDATION Drill guide validation is accomplished in three parts and must be conducted before its use in a drill package. 1. “Walk-Thru” is the process of verifying: • Location • Numbers • Materials • Fault/casualty does not pose a hazard to personnel or equipment 2. “Cold Checking” A cold-checked exercise is conducted on prior to starting operational equipment to validate the drill. It includes the following: • Insertions procedures • Symptoms • Restoration/reconfiguration procedures • Fault/casualty does not pose a safety hazard 3. “Hot Checking” A function of abbreviated checks conducted operating equipment to validate proper operational parameters. • System alignment • System parameters • Safety devices SAMPLE DRILL GUIDE An example of a drill guide used on Navy ships is as follows: DRILL GUIDE CSCCE DAMAGE TO LP AIR PIPING (VITAL AIR AND NON-VITAL) DG 3/SC #7 REFERENCE TO: DSSA COLD CHECKED_____ HOT CHECKED_____ PURPOSE: Use to train ship’s force in integrated casualty control and evaluate shipboard system response to damaged low-pressure air piping passing through the bulkhead, at frame______ for training scenario 7. REFERENCES: None SAFETY PRECAUTIONS: Forces afloat will comply with Navy Safety Precautions for Forces Afloat , OPNA VINST 5100 series. CAUTIONS: • Drill insertion will vent vital LP air into power conversion room (3-319-O-Q) and non-vital LP air into QOD Station #3 (1-366-1-Q). All personnel in the space must wear hearing protection. • Drill will result in the loss of the vent damper for SSGTG #3, causing high temperatures. PREREQUISITES: • Close valve ALP-V-576 in QOD Station #3 (1-366-l-Q). • Remove quick-disconnect fitting at LP air pneumatic tool outlet outside of QOD Station #3 (1-366-l-Q). ( NOTE: Discharge of air from quick-disconnect fitting will be directed in such a way as to prevent hazard to either personnel or equipment.) DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: (Watch Condition III) Casualty Insertion (Damage is imposed by securing the vital and non-vital LP air main aft of frame 300, and venting non-vital LP air into OQD Station #3 and vital LP air into power conversion room.) • See compressed air system damage control plate, fiber-optic sensor system (FOSS) LP air system diagram DSSA for LP air system piping information. • Use the ship’s standard disclosure methods and visual aids to inform investigators and watch standers of damage. “BROKEN PIPE” 1. LP air vital air main in power conversion room (3-319-O-Q) at frame 337 in the aft starboard corner. 13-10
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2. LP air vital air main in passage (3-326-1-L) at frame 338 behind firemain pipe. 3. LP air non-vital air main in crew living space 3 (2-300-01-L) above Rack #46. 4. LP air non-vital air pipe in A/C mach and pump room (5-300-01-E) against bulkhead 338. 5. LP air non-vital air pipe in AFFF Station #2 (1-330-1-Q). • Close the following vital LP air valve to simulate damage and tag “OPEN”: • Close the following non-vital LP air valve to simulate damage and tag “OPEN”: NOTE These actions will result in partial pressure degradation of the entire vital and non-vital LP air system and affect system capability until the air piping is isolated. • Remove drain cap and open the following vital LP air valve to simulate damage and tag “CLOSED”: • Open the following non-vital LP air valve to simulate damage and tag “CLOSED”: NOTE These actions will result in loss of pressure of the vital and non-vital LP air system aft of frame 300 and affect the system capability until the air piping rupture is isolated. This will close the SSGTG #3 vent damper, resulting in high SSGTG #3 temperatures. EXPECTED ACTIONS: • Repair party investigators or combat system technician(s) will identify LP air piping damage and report to repair leader/DCA/EOOW/area supervisor/CSOOW. • Technicians should either shut down SSGTG #3 or manually open vent dampers. • The isolation team will isolate damaged vital LP air piping by closing valve ALP-V-157 (3-298-4) in MER #2 (4-254-0-E). (NOTE: This action will result in a loss of vital LP air supply to the following shipboard equipment.) 1. SSGTG #3 bleed pressure regulating valve control air, SSGTG #3 starting air, SSGTG #3 moisture separator air. This will result in loss of SSGTG #3 within 15 minutes. 2. CIWS magazine #2 (01-300-2-M) ammo hoist. 3. Ventilation system closures/toxic gas dampers Nos. 20, 21, 22, 23, 409, 410. Other equipment damage and the tactical situation should preclude immediate casualty response. 4. Torpedo magazine (2-370-8-M) pi-rail hoist and door actuator. 5. Stern tube seals LP air hose connection. • The isolation team will isolate damaged non-vital LP air piping by closing valve ALP-V-171 in passage (1-254-5-L). ( NOTE: Other equipment damage and the tactical situation should preclude immediate casualty response, with the exception of the SPY cooling skid expansion tank.) 1. SPY cooling skid expansion tank charging in AMR #1 (4-126-0-E) 2. Pneumatic tool outlets aft of frame 300 3. Sprinkling system dry piping blowout aft of frame 300 4. Electrical machinery cleaning equipment aft of frame 300 5. Chilled water expansion tank #4 charging in A/C machinery and pump room (5-300-01-E) 6. Sea chest blowout connections in A/C machinery and pump room (5-300-01-E) and generator room (3-370-0-E) 13-11 LOCATION VALVE NO. OOD Station #3 (1-366-l-Q) ALP-V-57-6 LOCATION VALVE NO. Power Conv. Rm. (3-319-O-Q) ALP-V-380 (Drain) LOCATION VALVE NO. Passage (1-254-5-L) ALP-V-17-1 LOCATION VALVE NO. MER #2 (4-254-0-E) ALP-V-157 (3-298-4)
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DRILL PLAN CONSTRUCTION This is the point at which individual drills are incorporated into a tactical scenario. Items to include in the drill plan are as follows: • Date/Scenario #/watch team, that is, yymmdd/ASUW 1/ASUW Blue • Purpose. The overall purpose of the drill, that is, train/evaluate the watch team’s response to USW/AAW threats to include such skills as threat detection, threat evaluation, engagement, and communications procedures. Or, to train/evaluate the electronic repair team’s response to casualties/faults in the combat systems to include casualty/fault recognition, reporting, and repair/reconfiguration in a hostile environment. • Requirements: Necessary equipment and the operational state of that equipment at commencement of the drill. • Remarks: A brief outline of the major events that occur during the drill, that is, SUW threat turns AW at T+30, or cascading equipment casualties occur at T+35, and so forth. • Training team member positions. — By name, who will be where. — One individual may observe several positions. — Problem control positions. • Casualties. — Time to be imposed: that is, T+15. — Who will impose the casualty? • Drill/Training Event #: CSCCE DG01/SLQ-32; ITT TSSE #3, and so forth. • Drill/Training Event Description: “SLQ-32 computer failure”, KILO/FPB attack with hit A and B. Submit the drill plan for the commanding officer’s approval. Once approved, the drill plan and all associated materials make up a completed drill package. SAMPLE ITT DRILL PLAN/BRIEFING GUIDE USS____________________ ITT EXECUTIVE BRIEF DATE: START TIME: ________SECURE TIME: _________ TRAINING MODE: Communications between training teams will be via hand-held radios on Channel “A.” Overview: The overall objective of this scenario is to train/evaluate the watch team in 7responding to a small boat attack, which caused topside damage and a man overboard. The training team will be evaluating/training the watch standers in the following areas: Geopolitical Situation: ITT leaders read geopolitical situation for the drill and refer team members to order of battle, include current readiness condition of ship, OOC or degraded. Equipment Configuration: Review equipment necessary for the conduct of the scenario/timeline and the operational state of that equipment at commencement of the drill. Additionally, significant changes to equipment configuration. Timeline Review: ITT leader will review timeline, as he/she notes the start of an individual training team drill within the scenario. Each team leader will provide the following information: 1. Objective (to train/evaluate repair three damage control team in combating hull damage and flooding). 2. How the drill will be evaluated. 3. Who is going to impose drill. 4. How drill will be imposed (simulation and deviations). 5. Cascading effects of drill, if any (that is, CASREP equipment, ETRs, battle damage). 13-12 CSTT TRAINING EVALUATION STT TRAINING EVALUATION MTT TRAINING EVALUATION DCTT TRAINING EVALUATION ETT TRAINING EVALUATION ATT TRAINING EVALUATION CSTT Small boat attack CIC Command, Control, Communication STT Man overboard shipboard recovery DCTT Topside damage
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6. Safety concerns. Safety Considerations: State any safety concerns that the ITT must be aware of. Examples are as follows: • Fuel fill and transfer system seawater compensating control valve air in generator room (3-370-0-E). • Rudder stock inflatable seal connections (port and starboard) in steering gear room (4-442-0-E). EXPECTED/POSSIBLE PROBLEMS: • Ensure normal LP air system valve alignment is restored once exercise is completed. • Remove all ship’s standard disclosures and visual aids from the assigned damage locations. Examples of two different types of damage control scenarios are provided below. These examples will give you an idea of the considerations and the coordination that is involved in the development of a major drill scenario: 13-13 USS McKINNEY (DDG 50) CLASS BRA VO FIRE MAIN ENGINEERING SPACE DRILL SCENARIO SAMPLE AFFECTED SPACE DATE MER 1 DAY MONTH YEAR DAMAGE CONTROL TRAINING TEAM: RANK/RATE NAME POSITION PRD LCDR SAILOR-Q DCTT LEADER SEP 05 LCDR-Q CCS/DCC OCT 07 DCCS-Q DCTT COORDINATOR/SAFETY NOV 08 HT1-Q AFFF MONITOR JAN 05 DC1-Q SPACE UPPER LEVEL APR 08 EM1-Q ELECTRICAL ISOLATION DEC 05 FCCM-Q INVESTIGATOR JUL 08 GMC-Q FIRE BOUNDARIES JAN 05 MSC-Q FIRE BOUNDARIES JAN 06 ET1-Bluejacket-Q FIRE BOUNDARIES MAY 09 DK1-Q HALON/PLUGMAN JUN 05 LT-Q INVESTIGATOR JUN 07 EN1-Q MECHANICAL ISOLATION JUL 08 NC1-Q OBA CHANGEOUT STATION OCT 08 BMC-Q REPAIR 2 JUN 05 GSMC-Q REPAIR 5 FEB 05 EMC-Q REPAIR 3 JUL 07 HMC-Q SAFETY/MEDICAL JUL 08 SKC-Q SCENE LEADER JUL 05 LTJG-Q TORCH/FIRE OCT 05 Q = PERSONNEL QUALIFIED FOR DCTT POSITION
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13-14 GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Following the watch standers’ completion of initial actions in response to the leak on the fuel oil purifier inlet strainer. Vapors get into contact with 1A LOSP motor controller and flash into a Class BRAVO fire. Watch standers are forced to evacuate when Class BRAVO fire becomes uncontrollable. Primary Halon will be GOOD, depending on the watch standers’ actions. Secondary Halon will be GOOD, depending on the watch standers’ actions. The fire team enters the space to combat the fire, establish a reflash watch, and overhaul the fire. DRILL BASIS: WALK THRU/TALK THRU DCTT GRADING DCTT GRADING MINIMAL INTERVENTION NO INTERVENTION DRILL COORDINATION DETAILS: 1. ETT and DCTT will use Channel 4 on ESRS. 2. CCS DCTT will use 1MC in CCS to pass actua 3. Heat stress survey will be conducted at: 1330. The follow-up survey, if required after the drill, will be conducted according to Navy Safety Precautions for Forces Afloat, OPNAVINST 5100.19 series. 4. DC1 Sailor and SKC Navy will conduct safety walk through 1 hour before drill. Report any uncorrectable discrepancies to DCTT coordinator. 5. DCTT members on station time: 1450. 6. NR 1 AFFF will be in recirc with casualty isolation cov closed. NR 2 AFFF will have casualty isolation cov closed. 7. ELECTRICAL DCTT will re-energize the in space 115 VAC circuit LC11-4P-(3-219-2) located in 2-53-1-C after the electrician has successfully demonstrated electrical isolation of that circuit according to Main Space Fire Doctrine. SEQUENCE OF EVENTS: 1. When all TT members report on station and they are ready to commence the drill, the DCTT will direct ETT to initiate the drill. 2. The ETT will disclose the leak as briefed. 3. TORCH flash fuel to fire immediately. Impose fire out of control immediately. 4. When the watch stander(s) attempt(s) to activate the AFFF bilge sprinkler, do/do not allow him/her to press the activation push button. AFFF DCTT will secure it upon sprinkler deactivation. AFFF DCTT discloses AFFF concentrate tank level decreasing. Flow rate GPM=31. 5. One SPACE ETT will follow the watch stander(s) out of the space. Second SPACE ETT will remain in the space and secure any remaining operating equipment if required to prevent harm to personnel or machinery. 6. HALON DCTT, when notified by TORCH that a watch stander has actuated HALON, lift the plunger for alarm, vent the shutdown and motorized damper valve pressure switches, wait 60 seconds, and lift the discharge pressure switch plunger. TORCH disclose HALON GOOD by displaying a gray rag at the main access and ellison door, depending on initial actions. If HALON is BAD, CCS DCTT will inform all DCTT and BOUNDARY DCTT. Place bubble wrap on the deck of general workshop. HALON DCTT will not operate the pressure switches if HALON activation was not attempted. TORCH place two hot spots in the area of seat of the fire. Human error that causes HALON BAD will include the following:
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13-15 • Failure to close watertight doors when evacuating the affected space. • Failure to activate the HALON system. • Entering affected space before elapse of 15-minute soak time. 7. PLUGMAN DCTT will close fire station cutout valve after the hose has been charged and disclose satisfactory agent test after agent test has been attempted. BOUNDARYMAN DCTT will ensure that boundarymen identify all locked spaces while setting boundaries and mark with Boundary Set sign after boundaryman attempts to gain access. 8. TORCH will disclose fire contained when the hose team has demonstrated aggressive hose handling by attacking the fire. 9. TORCH will disclose fire out when the hose team demonstrates hose handling techniques that can be expected to extinguish a fire. GENERAL DRILL PRECAUTIONS: 1. Observe personnel dressed in fire-fighter’s ensembles for signs of heat stress. Pay particular attention to personnel who activate OBAs. 2. Ensure that when hoses are charged they are secured at the plug and that equipment is not inadvertently sprayed. Tie wrap nozzle in the SHUT position. 3. Ensure that EEBDs and OBA canisters are properly handled and disposed of. 4. One person on a ladder at a time and one hand should be on the handrail at all times. 5. Ensure overhaul equipment is handled carefully. 6. Ensure DCTT is positioned to prevent activation of unauthorized equipment. OBA ACTIVATION and OBSERVATION: An example of an observation is as follows: • Boundaryman in CPO mess/galley observed by ET1 Bluejacket. SELF-SIMULATIONS: SIMULATED ACTION SELF-SIMULATION OBA “I am removing the canister’s cover, inserting canister, lifting bail assembly to seat canister, and pulling the lanyard to activate canister.” HALON “I am pulling the pin and actuating the lever assembly to activate HALON.” PKP “I am actuating the CO 2 cartridge to charge the PKP bottle.” Reentry AFFF H/R COV “I am unlocking lock device to rotate valve to OPEN position charging hose.” NOZZLES “I am actuating the nozzle bail assembly.” NOTE: Self-simulation shall be used by the watch stander to prevent inadvertent activation of damage control equipment during drills. This shall be as described or words to that effect which effectively describe the watch stander’s actions.
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13-16 AUTHORIZED SIMULATIONS: X Smoke X Smoke machine will be used X Fire and fire damage X Hang fires ____ Electrical isolation ____ Mechanical isolation X Charred controllers X Energizing or activating fire-fighting equipment X Tag out and clearing of tags X Repair of equipment or casualty X Actual overhaul of the space X Inserting OBA canisters into OBA X Taking overhaul gear into the space except rake X Gas freeing of buffer zone and the space X Breaking of Draeger tubes X Atmospheric test results, including but not limited to: % oxygen, % explosive, type of toxins, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, phosgene, hydrogen fluoride Smoke and fire detection alarm indications in CCS X Opening of repair lockers by force X Dewatering X Soak time SAFETY: The responsibilities of the DCTT members when on station are greater than those of their assigned trainees. Safety is his/her primary concern. The training of the watch stander or repair party personnel, although an important objective, must be secondary to safety. The team member is ultimately responsible for unsafe actions of any watch standers under his/her charge. He/she has the authority to relieve his/her assigned watch stander/repair party personnel at any time and take over assignments when safety is jeopardized. He/she may allow his/her watch standers to take actions, even in the event of actual casualties, provided personnel or equipment are not placed in a hazardous situation. The DCTT member must walk a fine line between allowing those mistakes to be made and preventing unsafe conditions. Whenever there is doubt, drills must be terminated immediately. Submitted By: ______________________________ DCTT Coordinator Reviewed By: ______________________________ Chief Engineer Reviewed By: ______________________________ Executive Officer Approved By: ______________________________ Commanding Officer
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13-17 USS McINTIRE (DDG 49) GENERAL QUARTERS DRILL SCENARIO SAMPLE DAY MONTH YEAR REPAIR LOCKER(S) AFFECTED SPACE(S) CASUALTY TWO THREE FIVE MER 1 MER 2 FLOODING/RUPTURED FM FIRE/FLOODING DAMAGE CONTROL TRAINING TEAM: RANK/RATE NAME POSITION PRD LCDR BUTTERCUP-Q DCTT LEADER MO/YR LCDR-Q CHIEF ENGINEER JUL 07 HTC-Q DCTT COORDINATOR/SAFETY JUL 08 DC1-Q Main 1 JUN 08 HT1-Q DCCO JUL 08 LT-*Q APR 09 GMCM-Q Main 2 JUL 09 NC1-Q Bridge JUL 09 LT-Q JUL 07 BMC-Q R-2 JUL 07 GMC-Q JAN 09 MA1-Q Main 1 JUL 08 EMC-Q R-3 JUL 09 FCCM-Q OCT 08 LT-Q Main 1 JUN 08 EMCS-Q Main 2 JAN 09 GSMC-Q R-5 FEB 09 SKC-Q Main 2 JUL 08 ENS-Q Main 2 OCT 08 HMC-Q Medical JUL 09 *Assigned to DCTT only when not involved with CSTT exercises. Q = PERSONNEL QUALIFIED FOR DCTT POSITION
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13-18 GENERAL DESCRIPTION: USS MCKINNEY and USS McINTIRE are in company with USS MILLER. The battle group has been ordered to enter the Eastern Mediterranean to escort friendly ships and join the UN force. USSMILLER has been assigned to the group to ensure a mine-free operating area in littoral waters. Macadamia poses a limited surface and air threat to Navy vessels. Surface-to-surface missile sites have been sighted along the shorelines in increasing numbers. DRILL BASIS: FAMILIARIZATION AND TRAINING DCTT OBSERVATION DCTT GRADING WALK THRU/TALK THRU MINIMAL INTERVENTION NO INTERVENTION DRILL COORDINATION DETAILS: 1. DCTT will use Channel 11 (ESRS) on walkie-talkies. 2. DCA/EOOW will use 1MC in CCS to pass actual casualties. The on-scene leader, locker leader, and CCS will use NETS 80, 81, 82, and 86 to pass drill information. SEQUENCE OF EVENTS: 1. Incoming missiles will drive ship to general quarters. Hit ALPHA, Hit BRAVO will penetrate the skin of the ship at the waterline, port side, and frames 215 and 259. The main machinery rooms will sustain major structural damage. Communication to the sea and firemain piping causes progressive flooding in both spaces, and in Main 2, lube oil leaking from the storage tanks will erupt into a class BRAVO fire involving the entire port side of the space. 2. Three DCTT members will be in Main 1 disclosing (a) large boom at Hit ALPHA and Hit BRAVO, (b) 4 feet 6-inch hole in port bulkhead mid level, frame 215, (c) firemain rupture at frame 215, (d) progressive flooding. 3. Four DCTT members will be in Main 2 disclosing (a) large boom at Hit ALPHA and Hit BRAVO, (b) 4 feet 6-inch hole in port bulkhead mid level at frame 259, (c) firemain rupture at frame 259, (d) progressive flooding, (e) large class BRAVO fire. PREVIOUS DRILL’S DISCREPANCIES: Locker communications Lockers over responding to size of casualty DCTT communications Setting ZEBRA (+16) OBA LIGHTOFF: NONE Following personnel will actually lightoff OBA N/A ______________________________ Following DCTT member will observe OBA lightoff: N/A ______________________________
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13-19 BRIEFING NOTES: 1. Expect initial response to come from main spaces with augmentation from repair five. Damage control problem might also drive DCA to use repairs two and three to help. 2. We are actually setting ZEBRA PHASE ONE. Emphasis must be placed on setting ZEBRA quickly and correctly. AUTHORIZED SIMULATIONS: _____ Smoke _____ Smoke Machine _____ Fire _____ Hang Fires _____ Charred Controllers _____ Energizing or activating fire-fighting equipment _____ Tag out procedures _____ Repair of equipment or casualty _____ Opening power panels doors _____ Actual overhaul of the space _____ Inserting OBA canisters into OBA _____ Taking overhaul gear into the space. (Only the rake prop will be taken into space.) _____ Gas freeing of buffer zone and the space _____ Atmospheric test results _____ Smoke and fire detection indications _____ Breaking of Draeger tubes _____ Alarm indications in CCS _____ Actual electrical isolation _____ Sagging overhead _____ Hole in bulkhead _____ Flood water _____ Waterspray/ruptured pipe AUTHORIZED SELF-SIMULATIONS: 1. Authorized self-simulations will be done according to published self-simulation table. NOTE: Self-simulation shall be used by the watch stander to prevent inadvertent activation or discharge of certain damage control equipment during drills. The self-simulation shall be as described or words to that effect which effectively describe the watch stander’s actions.
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13-20 GENERAL DRILL PRECAUTIONS: 1. Observe personnel for signs of heat stress. 2. One person on a ladder at a time and one hand should be on the handrail at all times. 3. Ensure overhaul equipment is handled carefully. 4. Ensure DCTT is positioned to prevent activation of unauthorized equipment. SAFETY: All DCTT members are safety observers. Do not permit any action that endangers personnel or machinery. In the event of an actual casualty, ensure the words ACTUAL CASUALTY are used and are passed to CCS. Allow the EOOW to pass the word over the 1MC “Actual casualty (description), freeze the drill”; followed by additional instructions, if required. DCTT will assist the watch stander and relieve him/her, if necessary, to prevent harm to personnel or machinery. All DCTT members shall monitor personnel for signs of heat stress and may at any time question personnel as to their ability to continue training. If personnel become incapacitated, they shall be tended to as necessary without interrupting the drill unless additional assistance is required. Submitted By: ______________________________ DCTT Coordinator Reviewed By: ______________________________ Chief Engineer Reviewed By: ______________________________ Executive Officer Approved By: ______________________________ Commanding Officer DRILL CRITIQUE: Always after each training evolution the training team must conduct a debrief. It is necessary for the training team to discuss and document a list of “Lessons Learned.” This list assists the team in improving their training skills and in the training of their personnel. It also enables the team to make corrections and improve the effectiveness of their training. The information must be passed on to all hands so the ship’s crew can understand the errors that were made during the drill. This may reduce the possibilities of the same mistakes from reoccurring in future drills. Q6. Which of the following is NOT an objective of damage control training? 1. Writing and developing various damage control exercises 2. Developing the ability to meet training objectives as briefed 3. Developing the ability to assess repair parties in all DC exercises. 4. Developing training reports for the engineer officer REVIEW QUESTIONS Q7. Specific training for the damage control repair parties includes developing the ability to set material conditions. 1. True 2. False Q8. Which one of the following is NOT an objective of the in-port damage control training team? 1. Training in rescue and assistance 2. Training in covering the duties of an in-port fire party 3. Providing exercises in fire, underwater hull damage, and toxic gas drills 4. Provide training in crash and salvage drills
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Q9. Which of the following training requirements is provided by the damage control training team for the ship’s damage control petty officers? 1. Setting requirements for material condition ZEBRA 2. Setting requirements for material condition CIRCLE X-RAY 3. Setting requirements for material condition YOKE 4. Setting requirements for material condition WILLIAM Q10. What type of training discusses the basic parts, the functions of each part, and the operation of equipment with limiting parameters? 1. Hands-on 2. Lecture 3. Demonstration 4. Performance SUMMARY This chapter has introduced you to the organization and responsibilities of the damage control training team and the objectives of DCTT training. Also, the need for damage control training programs and the organization and responsibilities of the shipboard training team and the damage control training team and examples of training scenarios were provided. For detailed information about shipboard training and development of scenarios, you should refer to Naval Ship’s Technical Manual(NSTM), chapter 555; NSTM, chapter 079, volume II; NSTM, chapter 470; NSTM, chapter 070;NSTM, chapter 077; “Repair Party Manual,” Naval Warfare Publication (NWP) 3-20.31; Surface Force Training Manual (SFTM ), COMNA VSURFLANT/PACINST 3502.2E; and Ship’s Organization and Regulations Manual (SORM), OPNA VINST 3120.32C. 13-21
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REVIEW ANSWERS A1. What person is responsible for the training teams? (1) Team leader A2. One of the responsibilities of the training team is to assess the readiness and effectiveness of watchteam performance of watchstation specific tasks. (1) True A3. What person is designated chairman of the planning board for training and is also the team leader for the Damage control training team (DCTT)? (2) Executive officer A4. What person serves as overall manager of the training event briefs, performance, and debriefs? (2) DCTT team coordinator A5. What person is responsible to complete a safety walk-thru and pre-event check prior to drill? (4) All team members A6. Which of the following is NOT an objective of damage control training? (4) Developing training reports for the engineer officer A7. Specific training for the damage control repair parties includes developing the ability to set material conditions. (1) True A8. Which one of the following is NOT an objective of the in-port damage control training team? (4) Provide training in crash and salvage drills A9. Which of the following training requirements is provided by the damage control training team for the ship’s damage control petty officers? (3) Training on setting requirements for material condition yoke A10. What type of training discusses the basic parts, the functions of each part, and the operation of equipment with limiting parameters? (2) Lecture 13-22
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APPENDIX I GLOSSARY 3-M PROGRAM— Program that requires the testing of damage control equipment and preparation of inspection reports. These actions improve the reliability of systems and equipment through documentation of maintenance information for analysis. ABSORPTION— Penetration of solid materials or liquids by a foreign substance (such as a chemical agent) without a chemical reaction. ACCESSMAN— The accessman will open doors, hatches, and clear routes as necessary to provide access to the fire when directed by the scene leader. ACTIVE DESMOKING— Removing smoke and heat from the smoke control zone between the inner smoke boundary and outer smoke boundary before extinguishing the fire, aiding fire-fighting efforts, and reducing smoke spread in the ship. Active desmoking is applied only for fires that involve primarily class ALPHA and class CHARLIE materials. ACUTE EXPOSURE— Those in which doses are received in a short time, normally less than 24 hours, as a result of exposure to initial radiation, base surge, or fallout, or combinations thereof. ACUTE RADIATION DOSE— A dose of ionizing radiation that is received over a period of time that is too short for biological recovery to occur. ADSORPTION— Adhesion of molecules of a foreign substance (such as a chemical agent) to the surface of solid materials (including crevices) or liquids without a chemical reaction. AEROSOL— A suspension of fine liquid droplets or solid particles in a gaseous medium, the particles being small enough to remain suspended for a significant period of time and behave like a vapor; examples of solid particulate aerosols are dust and smoke; common liquid droplet aerosols are perfumes, oil mists, and fog. AEROSOLIZATION— The physical process of breaking up solid or liquid into small particles or droplets and suspending them in air. AFFF SINGLE-SPEED INJECTION PUMP— Permanently mounted, positive displacement, electrically driven, sliding-vane type of pump. AFFF SPRINKLER SYSTEM— An AFFF sprinkler system is a subsystem of AFFF generating systems. AFFF STATION OPERATOR— The AFFF station operator ensures that there is a constant supply of AFFF to the hose team for fire fighting. AFFF TANKS— The tanks are rectangular or cylindrical in shape and are fabricated out of 90/10 copper-nickel or corrosion-resistant steel. Each service tank is located inside the AFFF station and is fitted with a gooseneck vent, drain connection, fill connection, liquid level indicator, recirculating line, and an access manhole for tank maintenance. AFFF TRANSFER PUMPS— Permanently mounted, single-speed, centrifugal type, electrically driven pump. These pumps are provided in 360 gpm capacity. The transfer pump moves AFFF concentrate through the AFFF fill-and-transfer subsystem to all AFFF station service tanks on a selective basis. AFFF TRANSFER SYSTEM— The transfer system can deliver AFFF concentrate to on-station service tanks via a transfer main. The transfer main consists of a large pipe with smaller branch connections interconnecting the AFFF service and storage tanks. AFFF TWO-SPEED INJECTION PUMP— Designed to meet the demand for either a low or a high fire-fighting capability. The two-speed AFFF pump consists of a positive displacement pump rated at 175 psi, a motor, and a reducer, coupled together with flexible couplings and mounted on a steel base. AFLOAT TRAINING GROUPS (ATG)— Provide Navy ships with examples and packages of recommended damage control drills. AFTER WELL DECK— Between the upper deck and the poop deck. AI-1
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AIR BLAST— The shock wave that is produced in the air by an explosion. The shock wave initially travels outward at a velocity of approximately seven times the speed of sound at high overpressures. It will then gradually slow down to a sonic speed of about 1,000 fps at low overpressures. AIR BLAST INJURY— Personnel can be picked up and thrown by the blast. They receive their injuries upon landing. The extent of the injuries will depend upon the velocity of the body’s movement, the nature of the object with which the body collides, and the nature of impact, whether glancing or solid. AIRBURST— A burst where the point of detonation is below an altitude of 100,000 feet, and the fireball does not touch the surface of the earth. Air blast, thermal radiation (heat and light), electromagnetic pulse, and initial nuclear radiation (neutron and gamma rays) are produced around the point of detonation. AIR CHANGE— The process of introducing a volume of air into a compartment that is equal to the volume of the compartment while simultaneously removing an equal volume. Because of mixing, only 65 percent of the air originally in the compartment is removed in one air change. AIR CONTAMINANT— A substance or material that is foreign to the normal composition of the atmosphere, usually occurring in the form of aerosols, dusts, fumes, mists, gases, and vapors. AIR LOCK— A shipboard passageway with a quick-acting watertight (QAWT) door on either end. Only one door is opened at a time to prevent the flow of air from a pressurized part of the ship to an unpressurized area. Air locks are also equipped with fittings to allow purging of contaminated air. ALPHA (A) FIRES— Those that occur in such ordinary combustible materials as wood, cloth, paper, upholstery, and similar materials. ALPHA PARTICLES— A form of ionizing nuclear radiation consisting of positively charged subatomic particles emitted by some radioactive materials. An alpha particle is identical to the nucleus of a helium atom in mass, structure, and electrical charge but an alpha particle’s energy level is higher due to its speed. ANTIFLASH CLOTHING— Intended to protect personnel from transient high temperatures that may occur from the use of high explosive weapons and from being burned in a fire. Antiflash clothing consists of an antiflash hood and antiflash gloves. APPROVED (FOR THE PURPOSE)— Equipment or materials that have been tested, evaluated, and determined to be acceptable by a recognized testing laboratory or inspection agency according to the requirements of a particular code or specification for a particular purpose, environment, or application. AQUEOUS FILM-FORMING FOAM FIRE EXTINGUISHER (AFFF)— Used to provide a vapor seal over a small fuel spill, to extinguish small class BRA VO fires (such as deep-fat fryers), and for standing fire watch during hot work. AQUEOUS FILM-FORMING FOAM (AFFF)— AFFF, also known as “light water,” is a synthetic, film-forming foam designed for use in shipboard fire-fighting systems. AQUEOUS POTASSIUM CARBONATE (APC)— Are installed in Navy ships to provide protection for galley deep-fat and doughnut fryers and their exhaust systems. Aqueous potassium carbonate is specifically formulated to extinguish fire in the reservoirs by combining with the hot cooking oil surface to form a combustion-resistant soap layer, thereby cutting off the grease from its source of oxygen. AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS— A pH of 7 indicates a neutral solution; values below 7 indicate acid solutions and values. ATHW ARTSHIP—The athwartship structure consists of transverse frames and floors and is the crosswise portion of the ship. ATMOSPHERE— The immediate gaseous surrounding of a particular location or confined space, including normal air plus any air contaminants and oxygen deficiency/excess. ATMOSPHERIC IONIZATION— An increase in the density of electrons in the atmosphere around a nuclear burst. These electrons affect radio and radar signals by removing energy from the waves. ATOM— An atom is made up of tiny particles known as electrons, protons, and neutrons. The relative number of these small particles determines the attributes of an element. AI-2
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ATTACK TEAM— One or two fully manned hoses, according to NWP 3-20.31. ATTENUATION— The reduction in the intensity of nuclear radiation as it passes through a substance. AUTOGENOUS IGNITION TEMPERATURE— The temperature just adequate to cause the vapors from a petroleum product to burst into flames without the application of a spark or flame. AUTO-IGNITION POINT— The minimum temperature required to initiate self-sustained combustion of a substance independent of external ignition sources of heat. AUTO-IGNITION/SELF-IGNITION POINT— The lowest temperature to which a substance must be heated to give off vapors that will burn without the application of a spark or flame. AUXILIARY CIRCUITS— Auxiliary circuits duplicate primary circuits. This helps to minimize the danger of both the primary and the auxiliary circuits being placed out of commission at the same time. An X in front of the circuit designator identifies auxiliary sound-powered circuits. BACKDRAFT— An explosion that results from combining fresh air with hot flammable fire gases when they have reached their auto-ignition temperatures. BACKGROUND RADIATION— Low-level radiation from natural sources in the environment that is always present. The intensity varies in different regions of the world. BACTERIA— Very small single-cell organisms, large enough to be visible through an ordinary microscope. BALANCING V ALVE— Automatically proportions the correct amount of AFFF concentrate with seawater. The balancing valve is a diaphragm-actuated control valve that responds to pressure changes between the AFFF concentrate supply line and the firemain. BASE SURGE— Is from an underwater burst and is a rapidly expanding cloud or mist of water droplets. This cloud is produced by the collapse of the water column that was thrown up by the underwater detonation. BATTLE BILL— The ship’s Battle Bill is tailored to your ship for battle organization. You may need to provide information to the operations department when it is updated. BATTLE DRESSING STATIONS— Most ships have a minimum of two battle dressing stations equipped for emergency handling of personnel battle casualties. Each battle dressing station must be accessible to the stretcher-bearers from repair parties within the vicinity. Medical department personnel as assigned by the senior member of that department should man each battle dressing station. BATTLE LANTERNS— Provided throughout the ship for emergency lighting whenever normal lighting is unavailable. BATTLE TELEPHONE CIRCUITS —The battle telephone circuits are sound-powered circuits. Therefore, they require no outside source of electrical power. The transmitter of a sound-powered telephone transforms sound waves into electrical energy. The receiver transforms this electrical energy back into corresponding sound waves. BETA PARTICLES— A form of ionizing nuclear radiation consisting of negatively charged subatomic particles emitted by some radioactive materials. A beta particle is a high-speed electron. The mass and electrical charge of a beta particle is the same as those of an electron but a beta particle’s energy level is higher due to its speed. BIOLOGICAL VECTORS— These are animals in whose bodies the infecting organism develops or multiplies before it can infect the recipient animal. BLACKOUT— Disruption of electronic emissions from radio and radar after a nuclear weapon explosion. It is caused by changes in atmospheric ionization. BLISTER— An enclosed bulging bubble-like projection (as in paint) that may be filled with a liquid (saltwater or solvent) or a gas (air). Blisters can occur in any painted tank (that is, JP-5, gasoline) due to improper painting procedures, such as poor ventilation during application and curing or incomplete surface preparation. Broken blisters must be repaired because of potential for occurrence of rusting. BLISTER AGENTS— Chemical agents that affect the eyes and lungs and blister the skin, producing long-term incapacitation or death. Blister agents are odorless and vary in duration of effectiveness. The primary blister agents, HD and HN, are most effective for general use. AI-3
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BLOOD AGENTS— Chemical agents that enter the body through the respiratory tract. Most blood agents act rapidly and are normally nonpersistent. In general, a victim who does not die quickly will recover within a few hours. BLUEOUT— Acoustic reverberation (echoes) from underwater explosions (nuclear and conventional weapons) that masks the sounds sonar is supposed to detect. BOUNDARY (SPACES)— The outermost border or limit immediately surrounding a confined space, above, below, and on all sides, such as the outside walls of a fuel tank. BOX PATCH— Effective for use over holes that have jagged edges projecting inboard. BRA VO (B) FIRES—Those that occur in the vapor-air mixture over the surface of flammable liquids, such as gasoline, jet fuels, diesel oil, fuel oil, paints, thinners, solvents, lubricating oils, and greases. BUFFER ZONE— The area between the inner and outer smoke boundaries established for a class BRA VO fire in a machinery space. BULKHEADS— Vertical walls that run both transversely and longitudinally through the interior of a ship which divide it into compartments. BULW ARKS—Solid fencing along the gunwale of the main (weather) deck. BUOYANCY— The ability of an object to float. C2 CANISTER— The canister used as part of a protective mask for CB warfare. CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE— The standard shipboard decontaminant for chemical and biological agents. CANISTER (AIR PURIFYING)— A container with a filter, absorbent or catalyst, or any combination thereof, which removes specific contaminants from the air drawn through it. CANISTER (OXYGEN-GENERATING)— A container filled with a chemical that generates oxygen by chemical reaction. CARBON DIOXIDE (CO 2)— An effective agent for extinguishing fires by smothering them and also produced by a fire when there is complete combustion of all of the carbon in the burning material. CO 2 is a colorless and odorless gas. CARBON DIOXIDE (CO 2) FIRE EXTINGUISHER— Used on small electrical fires (class CHARLIE) and has limited effectiveness on class BRA VO fires. CARBON DIOXIDE (CO 2) HOSE-AND-REEL SYSTEM— Consists of two cylinders, a length of special CO 2 hose coiled on a reel, and a horn-shaped nonconducting nozzle equipped with a second control valve. CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)— A colorless, odorless, tasteless, and nonirritating gas. However, it can cause death even in small concentrations. CASCOR— A CASCOR (Casualty Correction) is submitted when equipment, which has been the subject of casualty report, is back in operational condition. This report shall be submitted as soon as possible after the casualty has been corrected. CASREP— A CASREP (Casualty Report) is submitted to report the occurrence of a significant equipment casualty or malfunction which cannot be corrected within 48 hours and which reduces the ship’s ability to perform its mission. CASUALTY EXPOSURE— The total gamma exposure that the commanding officer has established to identify radiological casualties; once an individual’s accumulated exposure has reached this level, that person cannot be assigned duties involving additional radiological exposure without command approval. CASUALTY POWER SYSTEM— One of the most important shipboard damage control systems. The system is a simple electrical distribution system. It is used to maintain a source of electrical power for the most vital machinery and equipment needed to keep the ship afloat or to get the ship out of a danger area. The casualty power system is intended to provide power during real emergencies only. It must NOT be used as a means of making temporary routine repairs. CASUALTY— A person unavailable for duty because of injuries. CEILING LIMIT— Concentration of a substance above which personnel should not be exposed, even instantaneously. CENTER OF BUOYANCY— When a ship is floating at rest in calm water, it is acted upon by two sets of forces: (1) the downward force of gravity and (2) the upward force of buoyancy. The force of gravity is a resultant or composite force, including the weights AI-4
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of all portions of the ship’s structure, equipment, cargo, and personnel. The force of gravity may be considered as a single force, which acts downward through the ship’s center of gravity (G). CENTER OF GRA VITY—The point at which all the weights of the unit or system are considered to be concentrated and have the same effect as that of all the component parts. CENTIGRAY (cGy)— An international unit of measure for absorbed radiological dose, used by other U.S. military services and allies; equivalent to a rad. One roentgen of exposure to gamma radiation results in an absorbed dose of approximately one cGy. CENTRIFUGAL DRY SPARK ARRESTER— A device used to remove particulate suspended in incinerator smoke. It works by drawing the smoke through a cyclone chamber where the heavier particulates are thrown to the sides of the chamber by centrifugal force and then are collected and removed. CHALK TEST— A simple means of determining if the gasket is in continuous contact with the knife-edge when a closure is dogged. CHARLIE (C) FIRES— Fires that occur in electrical wiring or equipment. CHEMICAL AGENT POINT DETECTOR SYSTEM (CAPDS)— The CAPDS is a local sampling detection device. It is used to detect the presence of chemical agents in the air. CHEMICAL AGENTS— Agents that produce harmful physiological reactions when applied to the body externally, inhaled, or swallowed. Most military chemical agents cause disorganization of the functioning of the body. CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL (CB) W ARFARE— To deny entry or neutralize contamination so the mission of the ship can be carried out without endangering the life or health of assigned personnel. CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLE (CPE)— The combination of all individual chemical protective equipment including suit, boots, gloves, and mask. CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE OVERGARMENT— The chemical protective overgarment (CPO) is made of material that is permeable to water vapor; that is, it allows the escape of moisture from perspiration. The function of the CPO is to protect the wearer from threat levels of chemical agents in liquid form and from the associated vapor. CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND RADIOLOGI- CAL (CBR) BOUNDARY— A physical barrier that isolates an area not protected against CBR contamination from an area that is protected against CBR contamination. CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND RADIOLOGI- CAL (CBR) DEFENSE BILL— The CBR Defense Bill constitutes the hull-specific application of doctrinal concepts and technical procedures. CHOKING AGENTS— Choking agents, sometimes called lung irritants, primarily injure the respiratory tract which includes the nose, the throat, and particularly the lungs where it causes pulmonary edema. In extreme cases, membranes swell, lungs become filled with liquid, and death results from lack of oxygen; thus, these agents choke an unprotected man. Fatalities of this type are known as “dry-land drownings.” CIRCLE WILLIAM— The material classification of openings and ventilation systems between the interior of the ship and the outside atmosphere that are secured to minimize the penetration of nuclear fallout, chemical agents, or biological agents. CIRCLE XRAY— Fittings marked with a black X inside of a black circle. These modified closures are secured during conditions XRAY , YOKE, and ZEBRA. CIRCLE YOKE— Fittings are marked with a black Y inside of a black circle. These modified fittings are secured during conditions YOKE and ZEBRA. CIRCLE ZEBRA— Fittings are marked with a red Z inside a red circle. These modified fittings are secured during condition ZEBRA. CIRCLE ZEBRA fittings may be opened with the commanding officer’s permission during prolonged periods of general quarters. CLOSED COMPARTMENT OPENING REQUEST— A form submitted to the GFE via the chain of command requesting gas free engineering services in support of opening a closed space. This request only allows opening. Entry is authorized using the gas free certificate. This form may also be used to request other gas free engineering services, such as ventilation or planning for cold work. CLOSURE SYSTEM— Protects the interior of the ship against the entry of aerosols and gases. AI-5
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COFFERDAM— A protective space or shell surrounding a gasoline storage tank and filled with an inert gas, such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide. COLD WEATHER BILL— The Cold Weather Bill is used to prepare the ship for cold weather operations. COLD WORK— Operations that involve only inspections, cleaning, or minor repair where no hot work will be conducted. Examples are space inspections, spray painting, chemical cleaning, and the use of any strippers, thinners, paints, or cleaners that produce vapors. COLLECTION, HOLDING, AND TRANSFER SYSTEM (CHT)— The system for handling sewage and wastewater. COLLECTIVE PROTECTION SYSTEM (CPS)— A system of air locks, high-pressure fans, and high efficiency filters providing pressurized, filtered air to total protection (TP) zones and filtered air to limited protection (LP) zones. See TOTAL PROTECTION ZONE and LIMITED PROTECTION ZONE. COMBAT SPECTACLES— Combat spectacles are for use with CW protective masks. The medical department is responsible for ordering and issuing combat spectacles. COMBUSTIBLE DUST— Particles capable of undergoing combustion or burning when subjected to a source of ignition. COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS— Any liquid having a flash point at or above 37.8 °C (100°F) comfort of personnel. COMBUSTION— A rapid chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of light and noticeable heat. Most combustion involves rapid OXIDATION, which is the chemical reaction by which oxygen combines chemically with the elements of the burning substance. COMPARTMENT AIR TEST— A test of watertight compartments using compressed air. COMPARTMENT CHECK-OFF LIST— Provides an itemized listing of all classified fittings and closures used in damage control to set the specified material condition of readiness. COMPLETE DECK— A deck that extends from side to side and stem to stern. CONCENTRATION— The quantity of a substance per unit volume. Examples of concentration units are milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m 3); parts per million (ppm) for vapors, gases, fumes, or dusts; fibers per cubic centimeter (fibers/cc) for vapors or gases. CONDUCTION— Transfer of heat through a body or from one body to another by direct physical contact. CONFINED SPACE— A space which has restricted openings for entry and exit and in which hazardous contaminants could be expected to be produced but not removed by ventilation; or in which oxygen could be expected to be depleted or enriched. CONTACT HAZARD— A skin hazard that exists when exposure to a chemical or biological agent can result from touching a contaminated surface. CONTAMINANT— A material or agent that is foreign to a specified or desired condition or circumstance. CONTAMINATION CONCENTRATION— Amount of a chemical agent vapor or aerosol present in a unit volume of air; usually expressed in milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m 3). CONTAMINATION CONTROL AREA (CCA)— The CCA is used to control access to the ship of all personnel exposed to the weather during or after a chemical, biological, and radiological attack. CONTAMINATION CONTROL— Procedures to avoid, reduce, remove, or render harmless, temporarily or permanently, biological, chemical, or radiological contamination for the purpose of maintaining or enhancing the efficient conduct of military operations. CONTAMINATION DENSITY— Amount of liquid or solid agent in a unit area; usually expressed in milligrams or grams per square meter (mg/M 2 or g/M2). CONTAMINATION— The deposition on and absorption of biological or chemical agents or radioactive material by shipboard structures, areas, personnel, or equipment; the presence of chemical or biological agents in the air in the form of vapors (chemical) or aerosols (chemical or biological). CONVECTION— Transfer of heat through the motion of circulating gases or liquids. AI-6
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CONVENTIONAL DECONTAMINATION (DECON) STATION— Conventional decontamination stations generally have saltwater nozzles in the shower stalls in addition to freshwater nozzles. Large ships may have additional saltwater decontamination stations. Multiple decon stations and the availability of both salt and fresh water provide for working around contaminated areas and battle-damaged areas. CORROSIVE MATERIAL— A solid, liquid, or gas that degrades other substances (especially metals) through chemical action. It can burn, irritate, or destructively attack organic tissue. COSINE— The cosine is the ratio expressed by dividing the side adjacent to the angle θ by the hypotenuse. COUNTERMEASURES W ASHDOWN (CMWD) SYSTEM— A dry-pipe sprinkler system that provides a moving screen of seawater over the weather surfaces of the ship. The flowing water carries away most of the liquid and solid contaminants that fall on the decks or bulkheads. CPS DECONTAMINATION STATION— Four-compartment decon station with access to the weather deck in each TP zone. CRITERIA— Those parts of a standard that establish a measurable quality; that is, specifications and inspection intervals. CROSS CURVES OF STABILITY— For each waterline the value of the righting arm is calculated, using an ASSUMED center of gravity, rather than the TRUE center of gravity. A series of such calculations is made for various angles of heel-usually 10°,2 0°,3 0°,4 0°,5 0°,6 0°,7 0°,8 0°, and 90 °—and the results are plotted on a grid to form a series of curves. DAMAGE CONTROL ASSISTANT (DCA)— The DCA is the primary assistant to the damage control officer in the areas of damage control; fire fighting; and chemical, biological, and radiological defense. DAMAGE CONTROL BOOKS— These books contain descriptive information, tables, and diagrams. Each book is pertinent to an individual ship. The information given covers the following six subjects: “Damage Control Systems,” “Ship’s Compartmentation,” “Ship’s Piping Systems,” “Ship’s Electrical Systems,” “Ship’s Ventilation Systems,” and “General Information.” DAMAGE CONTROL CENTRAL (DCC)— The primary purpose of DCC is to collect and compare reports. Location onboard ship where damage control operations are coordinated through and also where direction is given to repair teams. DAMAGE CONTROL CLOSURE LOG— All ships are required to prepare and maintain a damage control closure log. The closure log is maintained at all times, whether the ship is in port or under way. The closure log is used to show where the existing material condition of readiness has been modified, the fitting’s type, number, and classification, the name, rate, and division of the person who requested permission to open or close the fitting, the date and time the fitting was opened or closed, the date and time the fitting was returned to its specified material condition of readiness setting, the name and rate/rank of the person granting permission. DAMAGE CONTROL KITS— At each repair locker a number of repair kits are made up and stowed in canvas bags. These kits are kept ready to be taken to the scene of damage. The kits should be constructed and packaged so they will fit through the smallest watertight scuttle on your ship. These kits are commonly called plugging kits, pipe-patching kits, and shoring kits. DAMAGE CONTROL ORGANIZATION—T he damage control organization consists of two elements—the damage control administrative organization and the damage control battle organization. DAMAGE CONTROL SELECTIVE RECORDS— There is technical documentation onboard which must be maintained current for the life of the ship. Throughout the life of a ship, there may be major equipment changes or even compartment or system modifications. DAMAGE CONTROL TRAINING— Consistent training produces an optimal level of readiness that prepares members of repair party teams to react more efficiently and effectively to actual casualties. DAMAGE CONTROL TRAINING TEAM (DCTT)— Composed of qualified senior members of the ship’s crew specifically tasked to ensure the ship’s company maintains the highest level of battle readiness. This training is maintained through comprehensive training programs, which include lectures and drill scenarios. AI-7
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DARKEN SHIP BILL— The Darken Ship Bill is used to ensure that all DOG-ZEBRA fittings are closed by applicable divisions whenever darken ship is ordered. DCTT TEAM LEADER— The executive officer serves as the chairman of the planning board for training and team leader of the DCTT. The executive officer will coordinate the planning and execution of the ship’s training effort. The team leader of the DCTT is responsible for the management of the training team. DCTT TEAM COORDINATOR— The ship’s senior Damage Controlman or Hull Maintenance Technician normally hold the position of DCTT team coordinator. DECAY (RADIOLOGICAL)— The decrease in the level of radioactivity from nuclear fallout as fission fragments decompose to a more stable state. DECKS— The floors of a ship. DECONTAMINANT— Anything used to break down, neutralize, or remove a chemical or biological material posing a threat to personnel or equipment. DECONTAMINATION— The process of removing radiological contaminants from a person, equipment, or structure. The process of making any person, equipment, or structure safe by absorbing, destroying, neutralizing, making harmless, or removing chemical or biological agents. DECONTAMINATION EFFECTIVENESS— The degree to which decontamination reduces a radiation hazard. The ratio of the radiation intensity after decontamination to what it would have been without decontamination. DEEP SHELTER— Compartments that provide shielding against radiation. DEFICIENCY OF OXYGEN— An atmosphere where the oxygen content has been reduced below the point at which a person may work comfortably (approximately 19.5% by volume). DELAYED FALLOUT— Fallout from a nuclear explosion that does not fall to the surface until 24 or more hours after the explosion. DELTA (D) FIRES— Those that occur in combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, and sodium. DENSITY— The density of any material, solid or liquid, is obtained by weighing a unit volume of the material. DEPOSIT RADIATION— Radiation from radioactive particles that have landed on the ship. DETECTOR— Any mechanism by which the approach or presence of a chemical or biological agent is made known. DETECTOR PAPER— A specially treated paper used to determine the presence of liquid chemical agent. DETECTOR TUBE— A glass tube that uses a sensitive chemical (in a suspension of silica gel) which produces color change whenever contaminated air is pulled through it. DETERGENT— A synthetic cleaning and emulsifying substance usable in either fresh water or seawater for decontamination. DIFFUSION— A process to disperse and equalize a physical state (such as temperature) or a gas (when one gas is introduced to another). DILUTION VENTILATION— Introduces air into a space to dilute the contaminated air within the space to an acceptable level. Generally used for the control of flammable, oxygen-deficient or oxygen-enriched areas, rather than control of toxicants. DIRECT FIRE ATTACK— A method of attacking a fire in which fire fighters advance into the immediate fire area. The extinguishing agent is applied directly onto the seat of the fire to extinguish the fire or spray a water fog (fog attack) into the hot gas layer over the seat of the fire to gain control. DISPLACEMENT— The weight of the volume of water displaced by the hull. DOG ZEBRA— Fittings marked with a red Z inside a black D. These modified fittings are secured during condition ZEBRA and darken ship conditions. You must have proper authorization to open fittings with this classification when the ship is at either condition ZEBRA or darken ship. DOSE (CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL)— The amount of biological or chemical agent to which a person is exposed in a given period of time. DOSE (RADIOLOGICAL)— The total amount of ionizing nuclear radiation that is absorbed by an individual, an object, or a system over a specified time interval. DOSE RATE (RADIOLOGICAL)— The rate at which a radiological dose is absorbed. AI-8
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DOSE RATE METER— A RADIAC instrument used to measure dose rate. DOSE RATE/SURVEY METER— The device that measures radiation intensity. This device provides the information needed to calculate the radiological hazards of occupying a contaminated area or handling contaminated equipment. It also provides the information necessary to calculate the approximate length of time personnel can safely remain in a radiological contaminated area. DOSIMETER— A RADIAC instrument used to measure the total dose received from exposure to radiation. DRAG FORCE— The dynamic force of wind that tends to pull down and displace structures and personnel. Drag is a directional force. DRILL CRITIQUE— After each training evolution, the training team must conduct a debrief. It is necessary for the training team to discuss and document a list of “Lessons Learned.” DRILL GUIDE V ALIDATION— Accomplished in three parts and must be conducted before its use in a drill package. “Walk-Thru” is the process of verifying “Cold Checking,” and “Hot Checking.” DRY CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHER— Used primarily on class BRA VO fires. PKP is the chemical most often used in these extinguishers. DT-60/PD— A gamma radiation dosimeter with a usable range of 10 to 600 R. DUST— A solid, dry mechanically produced particle resulting from operations, such as sanding and grinding. DYNAMIC OVERPRESSURE— The strong winds that accompany the air blast front that expands outward from a nuclear burst. They exert a directional force that tends to drag exposed objects and personnel along with it. EARLY FALLOUT— Fallout from a nuclear explosion that falls to the surface within the first 24 hours after the explosion. ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE (EMP)— An intense electromagnetic field that builds up to maximum strength within fractions of a second after a nuclear explosion. It can damage unprotected electrical and electronic equipment by inducing strong electric currents in its circuitry. ELECTRON— An extremely small particle of matter that orbits the nucleus of the atom. It has a negative electrical charge. EMERGENCY CIRCUITS— Used to provide a means of re-establishing communications once a casualty has occurred to the primary lines. EMERGENCY OVERBOARD DISCHARGE CONNECTIONS— The emergency overboard discharge connections, port and starboard, are installed through the hull of each main transverse subdivision on the damage control deck. EMERGENCY W ATER ACTIV ATED REPAIR PATCH (EW ARP)—A unique and easy to use pipe patch that can be used on many piping systems. The EW ARP comes in a clear plastic package that includes a foil package containing the instant repair resin-coated cloth and a pair rubber gloves. EMP OR TREE DAMAGE— System degradation in electrical or electronic equipment that requires repair or replacement of damaged components. It can be caused by electromagnetic pulse (EMP) or transient radiation electronic effects (TREE). EQUIV ALENT CRITERIA— The measurement of equivalency, which is a judgment based on the preponderance of information available. EXERCISE CONTROL— Includes initiation of the exercise and provides responses to watch stander/team actions. EXHAUST VENTILATION— Removes con- taminated air from a compartment or space so the fresh air finds its way into the space through any available openings. EXPLOSIVE RANGE— A scale that indicates the explosive nature of gases or vapors. The relationship of the concentration of the vapor present; its temperature and pressure is expressed as a percent by volume in air. If the explosive range falls below the lower explosive limit (LEL), the mixture of air and vapor is too lean for an explosion. If the explosive range is above the maximum explosive range or upper explosive limit (UEL), the mixture of vapor and air is too rich to be explosive. EXPLOSIVE-PROOF— Describes an apparatus, device, or equipment that is tested and approved for use in hazardous atmospheres, as defined in the National Electrical Code . Explosive-proof devices are designed to withstand internal explosions and prevent hot vapors or particles from exiting before they become significantly cooled. AI-9
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EXPOSURE RATE (RADIOLOGICAL)— The amount of ionizing nuclear radiation per unit of time to which a person, an object, or a system is subjected; the intensity of the radiation. EXPOSURE RATE METER— A RADIAC instru- ment used to measure radioactive intensity or exposure rate. FACEPIECE— That portion of a respirator which covers the wearer’s nose and mouth in a quarter-mask (above the chin) or half-mask (under the chin) or that covers the nose, mouth and eyes in a full facepiece. It is designed to make a gas-tight or particle-tight fit with the face and includes the headbands, exhalation valve(s), and connections for an air-purifying device or respirable gas source, or both. FALLOUT— Radiological contamination formed in a nuclear surface burst consisting of radioactive particles and droplets that fall to the surface after the explosion, sometimes many miles away from the location of the detonation. FIREBALL— A brilliantly glowing sphere of extremely hot gases formed by a nuclear explosion. FIRE BOUNDARYMEN— The fire boundarymen set primary and secondary fire boundaries as directed by the repair party leader or fire marshal. They secure all doors, hatches, and openings in the boundary of the fire area. They remove or relocate combustibles as required. They cool boundaries with hoses as required. They are normally monitored by and report to the roving investigators. FIRE CONTAINED— When one or more hose teams are making progress advancing on a fire and the fire is contained in a single area within a compartment. This term means the same as “Fire Under Control” and is used when reporting from the scene to avoid confusion with the term “Fire Out of Control.” FIRE-FIGHTER’S ENSEMBLE— Designed to protect the fire fighter from short duration flame exposure, heat, and falling debris. The components of the fire-fighter’s ensemble include the fire-fighter’s coveralls, antiflash hood, damage control/fire-fighter’s helmet, fire-fighter’s gloves, and fire-fighter’s boots. FIRE HOSE STATION— A fire hose station is the location where fireplug and associated equipment are stored; commonly referred to as either a fire station or a fireplug. FIRE OUT— This is when all visible flames have been extinguished. Smoldering fires may still be present. FIRE POINT— The temperature at which a fuel will continue to burn after it has been ignited. FIRE TRIANGLE— Three components are heat, fuel, and oxygen. Fires are generally controlled and extinguished by eliminating one side of the fire triangle; that is, if you remove either the fuel, heat, or oxygen, you can prevent or extinguish a fire. FIRE UNDER CONTROL— A fire under control is when one or more hose teams are making progress advancing on a fire and the fire is contained in a single area within a compartment. FIREMAIN SYSTEM— Receives water pumped from the sea. It distributes this water to fireplugs, sprinkling systems, flushing systems, machinery cooling-water systems, washdown systems, and other systems as required. The firemain system is used primarily to supply the fireplug and the sprinkling systems; the other uses of the system are secondary. FISSION— A nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of an atom of a heavy element splits into the nuclei of lighter elements, releasing a tremendous amount of energy. FISSIONABLE MATERIAL— Unstable isotopes of heavy elements, such as uranium and plutonium. They can be caused to fission, or split, when impacted by free neutrons. They are radioactive, giving off alpha particles as they decay. FLAMMABLE RANGE/EXPLOSIVE RANGE— The range between the smallest and the largest amounts of vapor in a given quantity of air that will burn or explode when ignited. FLASH— The initial extremely bright pulse of light produced by a nuclear explosion. FLASHOVER— A flashover is the transition from a growing fire to a fully developed fire in which all combustible items in the compartment are involved in fire. FLASH POINT— The lowest temperature at which a flammable substance gives off vapors that will burn when a flame or spark is applied. FLATS— Plating or gratings installed only to provide working or walking surfaces above bilges. AI-10
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FLIGHT DECK— In aircraft carriers the uppermost complete deck. It is the deck from which aircraft take off and land. FORCE— A push or pull that tends to produce motion or a change in motion. Force is what makes something start to move, speed up, slow down, or keep moving against resistance (such as friction). A force may act on an object without being in direct contact with it. The most common example of this is the pull of gravity. Forces are usually expressed in terms of weight units , such as pounds, tons,o r ounces. FORECASTLE (pronounced folk’sul) DECK— This deck is above the main deck at the bow. The part of the main deck from the stem to just aft of the anchor windlass is the forecastle. FORW ARD WELL DECK— Forward part of the main deck between the upper deck and forecastle. FREE ELECTRON— An electron that is not part of an atom, molecule, or ion; one that has been released from an atom or molecule during the process of ionization. FREE SURFACE EFFECT— Free surface in a ship causes a reduction in GM because of a change in the center of gravity and a consequent reduction in stability. The free surface effect is separate from and independent of any effect that may result merely from the addition of the weight of the liquid. FREEBOARD— The distance from the waterline to the main deck. FUEL— A solid, liquid, or even a vapor. Some of the fuels you will come into contact with are rags, paper, wood, oil, paint, solvents, and magnesium metals. FUME— Solid particles formed by condensation of metals from the gaseous state. FUNGI— Includes such plants as yeasts, molds, and mildews. These organisms are known for their ability to spoil foods and fabrics. FUSION— A nuclear reaction in which the nuclei of atoms of a light element are combined to form the nucleus of an atom of a heavier element, releasing a tremendous amount of energy. G SERIES NERVE AGENTS— Tabun (GA), Sarin (GB), Soman (GD). GALLERY DECK— First deck or platform below the flight deck. GAMMA RAYS— A form of electromagnetic radiation, indistinguishable from X rays. GAS FREEING— Operations performed in testing, evaluating, removing, or controlling hazardous materials or conditions within or related to a confined space which may present hazards to personnel entering or working in or adjacent to the space. GASKET MATERIALS— Includes sheet and strip rubber, leather, canvas, rags, oakum, and paint. GEOPOLITICAL SITUATION— ITT leaders read geopolitical situation for the drill and refer team members to order of battle, include current readiness condition of ship, OOC, or degraded. GROUND ZERO— The point of detonation of a nuclear surface burst on land. GUNW ALES(pronouced gunnels)— The upper edges of the sides where the sheer strakes join the main deck. HALF DECK— Any partial deck between complete decks. HALF LIFE— The amount of time it takes for the level of radiation from any specified amount of a particular radioactive material to decrease by one half. HALF THICKNESS— The thickness of shielding material necessary to reduce the intensity of gamma radiation that passes through it by half. HANGAR DECK— The deck on which aircraft are stowed and serviced when not on the flight deck. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL (HM)— Any material that, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics, may pose a substantial hazard to human health or the environment when released. HAZARDOUS W ASTE (HW)— Any discarded material (liquid, solid, or gas) that meets the definition of HM. HEARING CONSERV ATION PROGRAM— Hearing loss has been and continues to be a source of concern within the Navy. Monitoring of the Hearing Conservation Program is the responsibility of the safety officer. HEAT— Involves three methods-conduction, convection, and radiation. AI-11
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HEAT CASUALTY— An individual unable to perform his or her duties as a result of heat exhaustion or heat stroke. HEAT EXHAUSTION— A physical condition caused by exposure to high temperature combined with physical exertion, and marked by faintness, nausea, and profuse sweating; can be considerably reduced by proper physical conditioning and increased fluid intake. HEAT STRESS— Heat stress is a pathological condition in which the body’s cooling mechanisms are unable to dissipate the heat load generated. HEAT STRESS PROGRAM— The Heat Stress Program establishes Navy policy and procedures for the control of personnel exposure to heat stress. HEAT STROKE— A state of collapse or prostration, usually accompanied by high fever, brought on by exposure to heat; has a 50 percent mortality rate but accounts for only a small percentage of heat casualties. HEPA FILTER— A high efficiency particulate air filter. HEPA filters remove solid particles and liquid droplets from an air supply. HIGH ALTITUDE BURST— A nuclear detonation that takes place at an altitude where the atmosphere is so thin that the interaction of the explosion with the atmosphere is drastically different from that of bursts at lower altitudes; nominally, a burst at an altitude above 100,000 feet. HOOK BOLT— A long bolt that is usually fabricated from round steel stock. Hook bolts come in a variety of diameters and shapes. HORIZONTAL AUDIT— These audits are normally conducted on only one specific area or aspect of the QA Program (re-entry control [REC], welding, training, qualification, or testing). They focus on the particular area and do not track a job from start to finish as the vertical audit does. HORIZONTAL LOOP FIREMAIN SYSTEM— Consists of two-single fore-and-aft, cross-connected piping runs. The two individual lengths of piping are installed in the same horizontal plane (on the same deck) but are separated athwartships as far as practical. HOSEMAN— A hoseman runs the attack hose from the fireplug to the scene, and you will keep the hose from getting fouled while fighting the fire and relay spoken messages and orders between the on-scene leader and the nozzleman. HOT SPOT— A localized area of a ship where chemical or biological contamination is considerably above the average of the surrounding area. HOT SURFACE— NSTM, chapter 505, defines a hot surface as 650 °F (343 °C) for lubricating oil and hydraulic oil systems and 400F (205°C) for all other flammable liquids. HOT WORK— Any operation that involves flame, spark, or temperatures in excess of 2050 °C (4000°F). HYCHECK V ALVE— Diaphragm type, fail open, seawater pressure-operated control valve, which allows the flow of seawater from the firemain system to be mixed with AFFF concentrate. HYDROCARBON— A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are the principal constituents. HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H 2S)— Generated in some fires. It is also produced by the rotting of foods, cloth, leather, sewage, and other organic materials. HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION— Abbreviated pH, term used to express the acidity or alkalinity. HYDROLYSIS— The decomposition of a chemical compound by reaction with water, useful in decontamination of some chemical agents, often accelerated by acid or alkaline solutions or by the presence of hypochlorite. HYTROL V ALVE— Diaphragm type, fail open, seawater pressure-operated control valve that controls the flow of AFFF solution to systems. IGNITION— The act or action of causing a substance to burn; the means whereby a material starts burning. IM-143/PD— Identical to the IM-9/PD except in range. The IM-143/PD indicates gamma radiation dose in the range of 0 to 600 R. IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE OR HEALTH (IDLH)— Any atmosphere that meets one or more of the following conditions-flammable vapors at a concentration of 10% or greater of the lower explosive limit (LEL); an oxygen content of less than 19.5% or greater than 22%; the presence of toxicants above a level that would allow personnel to escape within 30 minutes without impairment or irreversible health effects. AI-12
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IMMINENT DANGER— A condition that immediately poses a threat of serious injury, illness, or the loss of life. INCAPACITATING AGENTS— Used to wage and win a war without resorting to the massive killing, enormous destruction of property, and immense monetary cost. INCENDIARIES— Incendiary weapons, unlike other chemical agents, are concerned primarily with material damage, rather than with inflicting casualties. INCLINING EXPERIMENTS— The ship designer uses calculations to determine the vertical position of the center of gravity. From available plans and data, the various items that go to make up the ship and its load are tabulated. The ship can be considered as consisting of the various parts of the structure, machinery, and equipment. The load is comprised of fuel, oil, water, ammunition, and sundry stores aboard. INCLINING MOMENTS— A ship may be disturbed from rest by conditions which tend to make it heel over to an angle. These conditions include such things as wave action, wind pressures, turning forces when the rudder is put over, recoil of gunfire, impact of a collision or enemy hit, shifting of weights on board, and addition of off-center weights. These conditions exert heeling moments on the ship that may be temporary or continuous. INCOMPATIBLE HM/HW— Any hazardous materials that react with each other to produce undesirable products. INDIRECT FIRE ATTACK— Indirect fire attack is a method of attacking a fire in which fire fighters outside the fire area discharge water fog into the fire area through a cracked open door or a bulkhead or overhead penetration. INDIVIDUALLY DOGGED W ATERTIGHT DOORS— These doors provide access/egress to compartments that are not high usage spaces, which do not require rapid access, such as paint lockers, deck gear lockers, or storerooms. INERT GAS— A gas mixture that is nonflammable, will not support combustion, and contains a maximum of 3% by volume of oxygen. INERTING— A process in which an inert or nonflammable gas, such as carbon dioxide, helium, argon, or nitrogen, is introduced into an atmosphere to such a degree that the oxygen/flammable vapor content of the atmosphere will not burn or explode. INHALATION HAZARD— Since the standard protective mask provides full-face coverage, the terms eye-respiratory hazardand inhalation hazard are used synonymously. INITIAL CERTIFICATION— The certificate issued by gas free engineering personnel as a result of initial testing. INITIAL NUCLEAR RADIATION— The radiation (essentially neutrons and gamma rays) that is emitted by the fireball and the cloud during the first minute after detonation. All significant neutron radiation is emitted in less than 0.1 second and gamma radiation up to 20 or 30 seconds, depending on weapon yield. INITIAL TESTING— Testing conducted on a confined space when the space is first opened after a period of closure or servicing. IN-PORT FIRE PARTY— The in-port fire party will function as a repair party while the ship is in port. CBR defense operations are not a normal evolution for an in-port fire party. INTERCOM UNITS— The units provide fast and dependable two-way communication between DCC and each repair party locker. INTERFERENCE— Electromagnetic energy that decreases clear reception of radio or radar signals. INTERNAL HAZARD— Radioactive material that is taken into the body by respiration, ingestion, or absorption through open wounds into the bloodstream. INTRINSICALLY SAFE— An item or piece of equipment which by design does not have, or is not capable of producing, sufficient levels of energy to cause ignition. An intrinsically safe device can be operated in a hazardous atmosphere without igniting that atmosphere. INVESTIGATOR— Investigators are assigned to repair lockers to ensure that no further damage occurs outside the boundaries of the existing casualty. Investigators normally operate in pairs, traveling assigned routes and reporting conditions to the repair locker. ION— An atom or molecule that has lost an electron and taken on a positive electrical charge or one that has gained an electron and become negatively charged. AI-13
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IONIZATION— A process in which electrically neutral atoms or molecules are changed into charged particles by the loss or addition of electrons. IONIZING RADIATION— Energy in the form of electromagnetic emissions or subatomic particles that interact with electrically neutral atoms or molecules, changing them into charged particles (ions). IRRITANT— Substance which when in contact with living tissue can cause burning or itching. ISOLATION— A process whereby a confined space is removed from service and completely protected against the inadvertent release of hazardous material into the space. Isolation can be accomplished by blanking off; blocking/disconnecting all mechanical linkage, electrical isolation, or other specified means. ISOMETRIC DIAGRAM— The isometric damage control diagram diagrams each deck or platform and is shown at a separate level. They also show piping systems as close as possible to their actual shipboard locations. Usually the isometric damage control diagrams are not drawn to scale. ISOTOPES— Different forms of a chemical element that have the same chemical characteristics but different atomic masses due to variations in the number of neutrons. JP-5— A high flash point, kerosene-type aircraft turbine fuel, specifically designed for storage and use on naval ships. KEEL— The keel is the backbone of the ship. KILOTON— Nuclear weapon yield equivalent to the explosive energy released by 1,000 tons of TNT. LIMITED PROTECTION (LP) ZONE— A zone within a collective protection system that provides protection against liquid and solid CBR agents but not agents in vapor form. LINE SOURCE— A continuously moving munition or device that releases chemical or biological agent along its path. LONGITUDINAL FRAMES— Frames running parallel with the keel. LONGITUDINAL STABILITY— The tendency of a ship to resist a change in trim. LOOSE W ATER—Used to describe liquid that has a free surface; it is NOT used to describe water or other liquid that completely fills a tank or compartment and thus has no free surface. LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (LEL)— The minimum percent by volume of a gas that, when mixed with air at normal temperature and pressure, will form a flammable mixture. LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL)— The minimum concentration of a combustible gas or vapor in air, usually expressed in percent by volume at sea level, which will ignite if a sufficient ignition source of energy is present. MACHINERY SPACE— Machinery space is main and auxiliary machinery spaces that contain any of the following: installed fire-fighting systems, oil-fired boilers, internal combustion engines, gas turbines, or steam turbines. MAGAZINE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS— Sprinkler systems are used for emergency cooling of, and fire fighting in, magazines, ready-service rooms, ammunition, and missile handling areas. A magazine sprinkler system consists of a network of pipes. Magazine sprinkler systems can completely flood their designated spaces within an hour. MANNED HOSE— Manned hose is a single fire hose manned with a nozzleman and hosemen (as required). MASK ONLY— A protective posture that provides personnel relief from wearing the complete chemical protective ensemble. MASTER COMPARTMENT CHECK-OFF LIST (CCOL)— A master CCOL is developed for each ship at the time of its construction. CCOLs are provided in each compartment of the ship and provide information on all fittings within the compartment. MATERIAL CONDITIONS OF READINESS— Refers to the degree of access and system closure in effect at any given time. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS)— A written or printed document about a hazardous material that is prepared and submitted by a manufacturer, product supplier, or distributor. Each MSDS contains the data elements required in 29 CFR 1910.1200. AI-14
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MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE (MPE)— The total radiological exposure that the commanding officer will allow any individual to accumulate without command approval; personnel are rotated through vital stations near hot spots to prevent any individuals from exceeding this total. MECHANICAL VECTORS— These are animals that transmit infective organisms from one host to another but, in themselves, are not essential to the life cycle of the parasite. MECHANICAL VENTILATION— Provides fresh air when needed, independent of the direction of the wind or temperature. MEGATON— Nuclear weapon yield equivalent to the explosive energy released by 1,000,000 tons of TNT. MESSENGER— Individual responsible to relay orders and information. These messages will normally be relayed between the scene, the repair locker, and, if in port, the quarterdeck. METACENTER— The intersection of two successive lines of action of the force of buoyancy, as the ship heels through a very small angle. METACENTRIC HEIGHT— The distance from the center of gravity to the metacenter. METHODS OF DAMAGE CONTROL TRAINING— There are many examples of effective training methods. One is lectures on various portable and installed damage control equipment. The lecture method of training discusses the basic parts, the functions of each part, and the operation of equipment with limiting parameters. Another method of training is hands-on training, sometimes called demonstration/performance; for example, having the trainee demonstrate the proper setup and operation of the P-100 fire-fighting pump. MICRON— A unit of length equal to one millionth of a meter, or one thousandth of a millimeter. MICROORGANISMS— Microbes, or minute, living organisms too small to be seen with the unaided eye. MISCELLANEOUS CIRCUITS— There are several miscellaneous circuits that provide for the transmission of information of direct interest to damage control stations. MISSILE HAZARD— An object that could become dislodged by a sudden shock or ship motion and cause injury to personnel. MISSION ORIENTED PROTECTIVE POSTURE (MOPP)— Mission oriented protective posture (MOPP) is the level of CBR protection directed by a ship’s commanding officer. Levels of protection range from 1 to 4, with 4 being fully protected. MOGAS— Combat automotive gasoline that has a low octane rating that may cause knocking in engines. The relative amount of lead influences the octane rating. MOLECULE— A combination of atoms of the same or different elements in which electrons are shared but the nuclei remain separate and distinct. MOMENTS— In addition to the size of a force and its direction of action, the location of the force is important. The effect of the location of a force is known as the MOMENT OF FORCE. It is equal to the force multiplied by the distance from an axis about which you want to find its effect. The moment of a force is the tendency of the force to produce rotation or to move the object around an axis. MONITORING— The continued or periodic act of seeking to determine whether chemical, biological, or radiological contamination is present. MULTIGAS DETECTOR (DRAGER)— A single multi-purpose gas detector pump with calorimetric tubes used to detect over 100 toxic gases/vapors. MYCOTOXIN— A naturally occurring toxin produced by certain types of fungi that are potential biological warfare agents. Tricothecenes are an example. MYOSIS— Excessive contraction of the pupils of the eyes caused by exposure to minute quantities of nerve agents; the pupil is unable to dilate and remains contracted, and task performance is severely impaired or impossible, often accompanied by pain and a headache. NAVAL SHIPS’ TECHNICAL MANUAL(NSTM)— These manuals cover different aspects of damage control, which include the following: fire fighting, flooding, ship’s stability, and CBR countermeasures. Study of the NSTMs will help you complete your damage control personnel qualification standards. NAVY OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (NAVOSH) STANDARDS— Occupational safety and health standards published by the Navy which include, are in addition to, or are alternatives for, the OSHA standards which prescribe conditions and methods necessary to provide a safe and healthful working environment. AI-15
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NEGATIVE PRESSURE— A pressure less than atmospheric pressure. Gases and liquids flow from higher pressure to lower pressure areas; air is drawn into an area of negative pressure. NERVE AGENTS— These agents radically disturb the chemical processes of the nervous system, which impairs or stops other bodily functions. NEUTRON— A subatomic particle that is electrically neutral. NIOSHIMSHA— National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health/Mine Safety Health Administration. NONPERSISTENT AGENT— A chemical agent that when released, dissipates or loses its ability to cause casualties after a few minutes. NOZZLEMAN— The nozzleman mans the attack hose nozzle so that the fire may be extinguished. NUCLEAR BURSTS— An explosion resulting from a fission or fusion reaction. NUCLEAR RADIATION— The four types of nuclear radiation released as the result of a nuclear explosion are alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and neutrons. NUCLEAR RADIATION INJURY— Unlike injuries from other weapon effects, nuclear ionizing radiation injuries may not become evident immediately unless a high enough dose is received. Nuclear radiation, even in very small doses, has some harmful effects on the body. NUCLEUS— The central region of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons. ODOR THRESHOLD LIMIT— The lowest concentration of a contaminant in the air that produces a scent that humans can smell. ON-SCENE LEADER— The on-scene leader is the person in charge at the scene. ON-STATION MONITORING— This information is used in determining when fallout ceases and in estimating accumulated doses at these locations. OSHA STANDARDS— Those standards issued by the Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration pursuant to section 6 of the OSHA. OUTGAS— To remove imbedded gas from a substance by heating. OUTSERTS— Clear plastic outserts that fit over the mask lens. They protect the lens from scratches when they are stored in the carrier, and they protect the lens from chemical agent droplets, oil, and other petroleum products when the mask is worn. OVERHAUL— An examination and cleanup operation. It includes finding and extinguishing hidden fire and hot embers and determining whether the fire has extended to other parts of the ship. OXIDIZING MATERIAL— A chemical compound that spontaneously releases oxygen at normal temperature and air pressure or under slight heating. OXYGEN— The content of the surrounding air. Ordinarily, a minimum concentration of 15% oxygen in the air is needed to support flaming combustion. OXYGEN BREATHING APPARATUS (OBA)—An entirely self-contained breathing apparatus. It enables the wearer to breathe independently of the outside atmosphere. It produces its own oxygen from chemical reaction and allows the wearer to enter compartments, voids, or tanks that contain smoke, dust, or fire, or those that have a low oxygen content. OXYGEN INDICATOR— Measures atmospheric concentrations of oxygen over a range of 0-25%. Typical application is to check for potential oxygen-deficient atmospheres during post fire operations. OXYGEN-DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERE— Any oxygen concentration less than 19.5% at normal atmospheric pressure. OXYGEN-ENRICHED ATMOSPHERE— Any oxygen concentration greater than 22% by volume at normal atmospheric pressure. PARTICULATE MATTER— Solid contamination appearing as dust, powder, grains, flakes, fiber, or stains, usually removable by settling, filtration, or centrifugal purification. PATCHING MATERIALS— Prefabricated wooden box patches in various sizes, rags, pillows, mattresses, blankets, kapok life jackets, metal plate, folding metal plate patches, flexible sheet metal patches, prefabricated steel box patches, bucket patches, and welded steel patches. PATHOGENS— Living organisms that include bacteria, viruses, rickettsias, fungi, and protozoa. AI-16
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PERCUTANEOUS HAZARD— A chemical or biological agent that can harm the skin or enter the body through unbroken skin. Also called a skin hazard. PERIODIC TESTING— Testing conducted during the course of an operation at intervals greater than 15 minutes, based on the nature of the space, its contents, and the nature of the operation. PERMEABLE— Having pores or small openings that allow passage of some liquids or gases. For example, the material from which the chemical protective overgarment (CPO) is made is permeable to water vapor. PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)— The maximum permissible concentration of a toxic chemical or exposure level of a harmful physical agent to which personnel may be exposed. PEL is based on a time-weighted average (TW A) for a normal 8-hour day, 40-hour, 7-day week. PESTS— The meaning of the term pest as used here is restricted to certain animals (excluding microorganisms) that interfere with the health of other organisms. Pests are known as parasites when they obtain their food from living host cells. PHONE TALKER— The phone talker mans the phone between the supervisor at their location and other stations and receives messages from other phone talkers and relays them to their supervisor. PLATFORMS— Partial decks below the lowest complete deck used broken to admit machinery or other spaces and are called platform decks or just platforms. PLUGGING MATERIALS— Plugging materials include wooden plugs and wedges and wooden shoring. PLUGMAN— The plugman connects the hose to the fireplug, and when directed to do so and while the nozzle is closed, open the fireplug valve to activate the hose. POOP DECK— A partial deck above the main deck located all the way aft. PORTABLE SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS— The portable submersible pump used aboard naval ships is a centrifugal pump driven by a water-jacketed constant speed ac electric motor and may be designed to operate as single or three phase at 120, 240, or 440 volts. POWERCHECK V ALVE— Diaphragm type, normally closed, seawater pressure-operated control valve. This valve allows the flow of AFFF from the pump to be mixed with seawater and protects the AFFF tank from seawater contamination or dilution. POWERTROL V ALVE—Diaphragm type, normally closed, seawater pressure-operated control valve. This valve allows the flow of AFFF/seawater solution through the distribution system or controls seawater flow on flight deck injection systems. PRESSING-UP— The process of completely filling a space with liquid to displace flammable vapor/air mixtures. PRESSURE LOCK— A shipboard passageway with a quick-acting watertight (QAWT) door on either end. Only one door is opened at a time to prevent the flow of air from a pressurized part of the ship to an unpressurized area. Unlike an air lock, a pressure lock does not have air sweep fittings for purging contaminated air. Therefore, it is not used in a contaminated environment. PRE-WETTING— Activation of the Countermeasure Washdown System before the arrival of chemical and biological contamination. PRIMARY CIRCUITS— The number of primary circuits used within the sound-powered battle telephone system varies among ships. The size and type of your ship normally determines the choice of circuits. PROTECTION FACTOR— The reciprocal of a transmission (or shielding) factor. A radiation measurement at an interior location can be multiplied by the protection factor for that space to estimate the radiation level at the corresponding exterior location. A protection factor is always greater than one. Multiplying by a protection factor is mathematically equivalent to dividing by a transmission factor. PROTECTIVE MASK— A primary means of defense against CB agents is the protective mask. The mask is designed to protect the face, eyes, and the respiratory tract of the user from tactical concentrations of chemical and biological agents, toxins, and radioactive fallout particles. PROTECTIVE SHIELDING— A method of defense against nuclear radiation. AI-17
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PROTON— A subatomic particle that has a positive electrical charge. PROTOZOA— Single-celled, animal-like forms that occur in a variety of shapes and often have complicated life cycles. PROTRACTED EXPOSURE— Those in which doses are received over a longer period of time, normally greater than 24 hours, as a result of exposure to fallout. PURGING— The method by which gases, vapors, or other airborne impurities are displaced from a confined space. PURPLE-K-POWDER (PKP)— Potassium bicarbonate powder used to extinguish class BRA VO and class CHARLIE fires. QA AUDITS— Audits provide a means of comparing the records of completed jobs to their requirements in order to ensure compliance. QUALIFIED PERSON— A person designated, in writing, as capable (by education or specialized training) of anticipating, recognizing, and evaluating personnel exposure to hazardous substances or other unsafe conditions in a confined space. This person shall be capable of specifying necessary control or protective action to ensure personnel safety. QUANTAB CHLORIDE TITRATOR V— Quantab chloride titrator strips are used to measure salt (chloride) in aqueous solutions. RAD— A unit of energy absorbed from ionizing radiation absorbed from ionizing radiation, equal to 100 ergs per gram of irradiated material. An added factor in the use of a rad is that it expresses the dose from any type of radiation, whereas the roentgen relates only to gamma radiation or X rays. RADIAC— The acronym for Radiation, Detection, Indication, and Computation. RADIATION— Transfer of heat from a source across an intervening space, no material substance is involved. RADIATION SICKNESS— The disease resulting from excessive exposure of the body to ionizing radiation. RADIOACTIVE CLOUD— A cloud formed from the material that was vaporized in the fireball. RADIOACTIVE DECAY— A decrease in the level of radioactivity from a radioisotope as it decomposes to a more stable condition. RADIOACTIVE W ATER POOL— A surface or underwater nuclear detonation creates a radioactive water pool in the area of the detonation. This pool expands outward rapidly from SZ, for about 2 minutes, and continues to expand more slowly. RADIOACTIVITY— The release of nuclear radiation from a nuclear reaction or nuclear decay. RADIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT— Prediction of radiation intensity based on the decay of radioactive substances. RADIOLOGICAL CONTROL— Minimizing the exposure to nuclear radiation and radioactive contamination. RADIOLOGICAL DELINEATION— Determina- tion of the location of radioactive contamination and the radioactive intensity of the radiation in the surrounding area. RAINOUT— Radioactive rain that results when the cloud from a nuclear burst joins a rain cloud. RAPID EXTERNAL SURVEY— Sometimes referred to as the gross external survey, is conducted after the rapid internal survey to obtain more precise radiation levels at topside vital stations and at contaminated areas that are irradiating internal vital stations. As in the rapid internal survey, the focus is on getting an accurate measurement quickly at action stations and expeditiously reporting the results. RAPID INTERNAL SURVEY— Performed immediately after the cessation of fallout to get an indication of the severity of the radiation hazard at specific locations, primarily action stations. Safe stay times for interior vital stations can be calculated based on the rapid internal survey. RATE OF ACTION— The rate at which a body reacts to or is affected by that agent. There is a wide variation in the rate of reaction to the toxic chemical agents, even to those of similar tactical or physiological classifications. RATE OF DETOXIFICATION— The rate at which the body counteracts the effects of a chemical agent. It is an important factor in determining the hazards of repeated exposure to sublethal doses of toxic chemical agents. AI-18
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REACTIVE MATERIAL— A solid, liquid, or gas that is chemically unstable at normal temperature and air pressure; capable of undergoing violent change when subjected to heat, shock, mixture with water, or other chemicals. READY SHELTER— If the ship is warned enough in advance, personnel topside shall be ordered to ready shelter before the arrival of the base surge or fallout. Taking ready shelter is both a contamination avoidance measure and a radiation mitigation technique. REFRACTOMETER— Gives accurate readings of total dissolved solids in aqueous solutions. RELAY LANTERNS— Installed throughout the ship to provide limited illumination when other sources fail. REPAIR PARTIES— Qualified shipboard personnel responsible for executing damage control duties in a training or actual damage control situation. REPAIR PARTY MANUAL— The repair party manual provides detailed information on the standard methods and techniques used in damage control as outlined in NWP 3-20.31. RESCUE AND ASSISTANCE BILL— The Rescue and Assistance Bill organizes qualified personnel by duty section or the entire ship to render emergency assistance outside the ship. RESERVE BUOYANCY— The volume of the watertight portion of the ship above the waterline. Expressed as a percentage, reserve buoyancy is the ratio of the volume of the above-water body to the volume of the underwater body. RESIDUAL RADIATION— Nuclear radiation released after a nuclear explosion from fission products in fallout, rainout, base surge, and radioactive pool. RETESTING AND RECERTIFYING— The process of testing, evaluating, and certifying a confined space by the gas free engineer using the same procedures required for initial testing and certification when the certificate expires without entry, work, or test and updating of the certificate; or when conditions occur which alter the initial conditions found or specified. RICKETTSIAE— Intracellular, parasitic microorganisms that are intermediate in size between bacteria and viruses. ROENTGEN (R)— A unit of exposure to gamma or X radiation. ROLLOVER— A sudden spread of flame through the unburnt gases and vapors in the upper layer across the overhead of a space. SAFE STAY TIME— The time personnel can remain in the vicinity of a radioactive hot spot without exceeding their maximum permissible exposure (MPE). SAFETY— Safety is a primary concern during all training events. If an unsafe condition exists, the training event should be STOPPED until a safe condition is established. During training, planning, and operations, the operational risk management (ORM) process must be used. The training team leaders are responsible for ensuring that proper procedures are used in planning training events. SCINTILLATION— The distortion of a very high-frequency electromagnetic signal as it passes through layers of beta particles from a nuclear explosion at altitudes above 35 miles. SECONDARY HAZARD— A chemical or biological hazard that does not develop during the delivery of the agent on target, but develops later. SECURING MATERIALS— Includes assorted hook bolts, manila line, wire rope, chain, machine bolts, angle clips for welding, and shoring. Backup materials include mess tables, metal joiner doors, buckets, plywood or lumber, sheet metal, and metal plate. SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (SCBA)— Type of respirator that allows the user complete independence from a fixed source of air. SHELF LIFE— A period of time for which an instrument can be used without degradation, usually specified by the manufacturer. SHIELDING FACTOR— A fraction, always less than one, that represents the proportion by which shielding attenuates gamma radiation. SHIP INFORMATION BOOK— When a ship is built for the Navy, the builder prepares a ship information book (SIB). The ship’s crew uses the SIB to familiarize themselves with the ship’s characteristics. Normally the SIB will contain the following eight volumes— Hull and Mechanical; Propulsion Plant; Auxiliary Machinery, Piping, Ventilation, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Systems; Power and Lighting Systems; Electronic Systems; Interior Communications; Weapons Control Systems; and Ballasting Systems. AI-19
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SHIP’S DRA WING INDEX (SDI)—The SDI is kept in the engineering department office (log room). The SDI lists all working drawings that have a NA VSHIPS or NA VSEA drawing number, all manufacturer’s drawings, all equipment drawing lists, and all assembly drawings that list detail drawings. SHIPBOARD TRAINING TEAMS— Training teams include a core group of the most knowledgeable and experienced personnel from the ship. The size of the crew, number of qualified personnel, complexity of the exercise, and safety requirements will influence the size of the team. SHIP’S GENERAL ANNOUNCING SYSTEM (1MC CIRCUIT)— The ship’s general announcing system used to pass information to the ship’s crew on a regular basis each day. It is also another means of damage control communication because information can be passed throughout the ship. The 1MC system should be used only to pass warnings or vital information that affects the entire ship’s company. SHIP’S SERVICE TELEPHONES— Telephones for damage control communications when there are telephones installed at or near repair party lockers. The ship’s service telephones are standard telephones. SHIPS’ DRAFT— The vertical distance from the keel to the waterline. SHOLE— A flat block that may be placed under the end of a shore to distribute pressure. SHORE— A portable beam. SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT (STEL)— The maximum concentration of a substance to which personnel can be exposed for up to 15 minutes without significant physiological effects (i.e., irritation, narcosis, impairment of self-rescue), provided that no more than four exposures per day are permitted and at least 60 minutes elapses between exposure periods. SHORT-TERM LETHAL CONCENTRATION (STLC)— A concentration of a substance that is lethal within 10 minutes of exposure. SINE— In trigonometry, angles are represented by the Greek letter theta ( θ). The sine of an angle θ, abbreviated as sinθ, is the ratio expressed when the side of a right triangle opposite the angle θ is divided by the hypotenuse. SINGLE MAIN FIREMAIN SYSTEM— Consists of a single piping run that extends fore and aft. This type of firemain is generally installed near the centerline of the ship, extending forward and aft as far as necessary. SKIN DOSE— Radiation from a source outside the body, possibly on the skin, that can damage the skin. SMOKE CONTROL ZONE— The area between the inner and outer smoke boundaries established for fires that involve primarily class ALPHA or class CHARLIE materials. SOFT PATCH— A patch used to repair small holes or cracks in low-pressure (150 psi) piping. SOLENOID-OPERATED PILOT V ALVE (SOPV)— Electrically operated pilot valves that control the activation of many AFFF fire-extinguishing systems. All SOPVs (master and service) have four control line ports; one port is always connected to supply pressure (firemain), and a second port is the valve drain (which should be piped to discharge within the coaming of the AFFF station). STABILITY CURVES— When a series of values for GZ (the ship’s righting arm) at successive angles of heel are plotted on a graph, the result is a stability curve, also called the curve of static stability. STANDBY PERSON— The person trained in emergency rescue procedures assigned to remain on the outside of the confined space and to be in communication with those working inside. STATIC OVERPRESSURE— A sudden, non- directional increase in air pressure caused by the passage of the air blast wave from a nuclear burst. STEAM BLANKETING— A method for making the outer boundaries of a space safe for hot work by using steam to displace and carry off flammable vapor/air mixtures within a space. STORAGE— The holding of HM or HW for a temporary period, after which time the HM is used or stored elsewhere, or the HW is treated, disposed of, or stored elsewhere. STRAKES— The hull plating fastened to the framework in longitudinal rows. STRENGTH DECK— Deck designed to carry not only deck loads on it but also the hull stresses. AI-20
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STRETCHER-BEARER— The stretcher-bearer is required to take the repair locker first-aid kit, or box, to or near the scene. If medical department personnel are available, they will help them in administering first aid, as required. STRONGBACK— A bar or beam of wood or metal that is used to distribute pressure or to serve as an anchor for a patch. The strongback is often shorter than a shore. SUBATOMIC PARTICLE— One of the components of which all atoms are composed (electron, proton, and neutron). SUPERSTRUCTURE DECK— A partial deck above the main, upper, or forecastle deck that does not extend to the sides of the ship (if it does, it does not have the side plating carried up to it.). SUPPLEMENTARY CIRCUITS— Primary circuits related to their principal functions. However, when the circuit is also used for damage control communications, the circuit is considered as a supplementary circuit. SUPPLEMENTARY SURVEYS— Conducted to confirm or revise stay time calculations. They may also be ordered to localize hot spots for decontamination. Supplementary surveys of interior spaces shall include beta monitoring to detect intrusion of contamination. SUPPLY VENTILATION— Moving fresh air into a compartment or space and displacing contaminated air through any available openings. SURFACE BURST— A nuclear detonation in which the fireball is in contact with the surface of land or water. SURFACE ZERO— The point of detonation of a nuclear surface burst on water. SURVEY— The effort to determine the location and nature of the chemical, biological, and radiological contamination and radiation on or in a ship. TANGENT— The tangent of the angle θ is the ratio of the side opposite the angle θ to the side adjacent. TEAM LEADER— The team leader directs the efforts of attack teams to extinguish or overhaul a fire. TEAR AGENTS— Tear agents (also known as riot-control agents) are essentially local irritants, which, in very low concentrations, act primarily on the eyes, causing intense pain and a considerable flow of tears; stinging of warm, moist skin; and irritation of the nose. High concentrations produce irritation of the upper respiratory tract and lungs and cause nausea and vomiting. The agents may be either solids or liquids and may be dispersed in the air as vapors or smokes. THERMAL RADIATION— Electromagnetic emissions in the form of light and heat. THERMAL RADIATION INJURY— Can cause burn injuries directly when the skin absorbs radiant energy. It can also cause burn injuries indirectly as a result of fires started by the radiation. The flash of thermal radiation from the fireball produces direct burns, called flash burns. The indirect, or secondary, burns are called flame burns. These burns are like the skin burns that are caused by any large fire, no matter what its origin. THRESHOLD LIMIT V ALUES (TLV)— Levels of airborne concentrations of physical agents, expressed in parts per million (ppm), that represent conditions under which average personnel may be repeatedly exposed, during normal working hours, without adverse effects. TOTAL PROTECTION (TP) ZONE—A zone within a collective protection system that provides protection against liquid, solid, and gaseous CBR agents. TOXIC GAS BILL— The Toxic Gas Bill specifies the procedures and assigns duties and responsibilities for controlling and minimizing toxic gas casualties. TOXIC MATERIAL— A solid, liquid, or gas that can damage living material, impair the central nervous system, or cause illness or death through inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption. TOXIC OR HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE— An atmosphere containing a concentration of air contaminants sufficient to cause injury to personnel. TOXICITY— The property of a material to cause injury to an organism with the maximum result being incapacitation or death. TOXICITY LIMITS— The limits of a vapor from a certain minimum concentration (lower limit) to a maximum concentration (upper limit). TOXINS— Poisonous products of living organisms that, when inhaled, swallowed, or injected into man or animals, will cause illness or death. AI-21
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TRAINERS, EV ALUATORS, AND SAFETY OBSERVERS— Trainers, evaluators, and safety observers directly observe individual and team performance of the training event and some may act as initiators. TRANSFER HAZARD— Radioactive contamination that can be spread from a contaminated area to a clean area by foot traffic or some other form of physical contact. TRANSIENT DOSE— A term used in some texts to describe the radiological dose received from the time of arrival of fallout or the base surge to the time of cessation of fallout. TRANSIENT RADIATION EFFECTS ON ELECTRONICS (TREE)— Caused by initial gamma and neutron emissions from a nuclear burst. These emissions result in the failure or degraded operation of sophisticated solid-state circuits. TRANSIT RADIATION— Radiation from radioactive particles or droplets in the environment around the ship. TRANSMISSION FACTOR— A fraction, always less than one, that represents the proportion by which shielding attenuates gamma radiation. TRIMMING MOMENT— A forward (or aft) movement of weight. UNDERGROUND BURST— A nuclear explosion centered below the surface of the ground. UNDERW ATER BURST—A nuclear burst centered below the surface of a body of water. UNDERW ATER SHOCK— A pressure wave that travels outward in water from an explosion at or under the surface. UNDERW ATER SHOCK INJURY— Injury among topside and below-deck personnel by the rapid upward movement of the deck. UPPER DECK— A partial deck extending from side to side above the main deck amidships. UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (UEL)— Upper end of the explosive range. Concentrations above this limit are too rich to explode or burn. Concentrations below the LTEL are within the explosive range. UPSET (EMP, TREE)— Temporary degradation in an electrical or electronic system caused by electromagnetic pulse (EMP) or transient radiological effects on equipment (TREE). V APOR—Gas state of a substance. V APOR SECURE— Establishing a film or foam blanket over flammable liquid to prevent vaporization. V APORIZATION—To pass into the gas or vapor state. VECTORS— Disease vectors are animal carriers that transfer infective agents from one host to another. They usually are arthropods (insects, arachnids, and crustaceans) but may be other animals. VENTILATING— The process of moving air into or from a compartment or space. VERTICAL AUDIT— These audits take into account all aspects of a job or task by examining the documentation used to certify or recertify the system/component during and after repairs. These audits may examine any aspect of the task (training and qualification of personnel, technical and production requirements, cleanliness, or material control). VERTICAL OFFSET LOOP FIREMAIN SYSTEM— Consists of two single piping runs, installed fore and aft in an oblique (that is, angled) plane, separated both vertically and athwartship, connected at the ends to form a loop. The lower section of the firemain is located as low in the ship as practical on one side, and the upper section is located on the damage control deck on the opposite side of the ship. Athwartship cross-connects are usually provided at each pump riser. VIRUSES— A group of parasitic microorganisms that live in the cells of their selected hosts. VOLATILITY— The readiness of a liquid to vaporize or evaporate. The tendency to be readily diffused or dissipated in the atmosphere, especially at ordinary temperatures. VOMITING AGENTS— These agents are dispersed as aerosols and produce their effects by inhalation. These agents produce minor eye irritation and a feeling of pain and sense of fullness in the nose and sinuses. W ATERLINE—The water level along the hull of a ship afloat. W ATERTIGHT INTEGRITY— The degree of quality of watertightness. WEATHER DECK— A deck or part of a deck exposed to the weather. AI-22
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WEATHERING— The process by which radiological contamination is removed from the ship’s surface areas by the natural action of the environment, especially wind and rain. WEDGE— A block, triangular on the sides and rectangular on the butt end. WEIGHT— If you know the volume of an object and the density of the material, the weight of the object is found by multiplying the volume by the density. The formula for this is as follows: W=VxD (weight = volume times density). WILLIAM FITTINGS— Marked with a black W, these fittings are kept open during all material conditions. WILLIAM fittings are secured only as necessary to control damage or CBR contamination and to make repairs to the equipment served. YIELD— The energy released in a nuclear explosion stated in terms of the tonnage of TNT required to release an equivalent amount of energy. AI-23
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APPENDIX II DAMAGE CONTROL ABBREVIATIONS 3-M Maintenance, Material, and Management ABT Automatic Bus Transfer ACPG Advanced Chemical Protective Garment AMR Auxiliary Machinery Room AFFF Aqueous Film-Forming Foam BW Biological Warfare BS&W Bottom Sediment and Water CANTRAC Catalog of Navy Training Courses CASCOR Casualty Correction CASREP Casualty Report CBR Chemical, Biological, and Radiological CDO Command Duty Officer CCOL Compartment Check-Off List CCS Central Control Station CHT Collecting Holding Transfer CMWD Countermeasure Washdown System CO Carbon Monoxide CO 2 Carbon Dioxide COSAL Coordinated Shipboard Allowance List CPO Chemical Protective Overgarment CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CPS Collective Protection System CW Chemical Warfare DCA Damage Control Assistant DCC Damage Control Central DCPO Damage Control Petty Officer DCS Damage Control Supervisor DCTT Damage Control Training Team ECCTT Engineering Casualty Control Training Team EDG Emergency Diesel Generator EDO Engineering Duty Officer EDORM Engineering Department Organization and Regulation Manual EEBD Emergency Escape Breathing Device EMP Electromagnetic Pulse ENGREAD Engineering Readiness Advisory EOCC Engineering Operational Casualty Control EOOW Engineering Officer of the Watch EOP Engineering Operational Procedures EOS Engineering Operating Station EOSS Engineering Operational Sequencing System ESO Educational Services Office EW ARP Emergency Water-Activated Repair Patch FFE Fire-fighter’s Ensemble F/O Fuel Oil GM Metacentric Height GQ General Quarters HM Hazardous Material HMIS Hazardous Material Information System HMUG Hazardous Material User’s Guide H 2S Hydrogen Sulfide IC Interior Communication J/W Jacket Water KT Kiloton L/O Lube Oil AII-1
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LOS Local Operating Station LVP Low V oltage Protection LVR Low V oltage Release LVRE Low V oltage Release Effect MBT Manual Bus Transfer MER Main Engine Room MLOC Master Prelight Off Checklist MPDE Main Propulsion Diesel Engine MRC Maintenance Requirement Card MSD Marine Sanitation Device MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet MT Megaton NAPP Nerve Agent Pretreatment Pyridostigmine NFTI Naval Fire-fighter’s Thermal Imager NRTC Nonresident Training Course NSTM Naval Ships’ Technical Manual NC Normally Closed NEURS Navy Energy Usage Reporting System NO Normally Open NOAP Navy Oil Analysis Program NPN Negative Positive Negative NWP Naval Warfare Publication OBA Oxygen Breathing Apparatus OL Overload OOD Officer of the Deck PASP Primary Air Supply Pack PBV Pressure Build Up Valve PECU Portable Exothermic Cutting Unit PHARS Portable Hydraulic Access/Rescue System PHEL Physiological Heat Exposure Limit PKP Purple-K-Powder PMS Planned Maintenance System QA Quality Assurance RASP Reserve Air Supply Pack RAST Recovery Assist, Securing, and Traversing R/O Reverse Osmosis SAR Supplied Air Respirator SCBA Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus SDK Skin Decontamination Kit SHML Ship’s Hazardous Material List SIB Ship’s Information Book SOPV Solenoid-Operated Pilot Valve SORM Standard Organization and Regulations Manual SSDG Ship’s Service Diesel Generator SUS Saybolt Universal Second TACTAS Tactical Towed Array Sonar TLI Tank Level Indicator TMDER Technical Manual Deficiency Evaluation Report TNT Trinitrotoluene TREE Transient Radiation Effects on Electronics TXV Thermostatic Expansion Valve UJT Unijunction Transistor WBGT Wet Bulb Globe Temperature WIFCOM Wire-Free Communication WRV Water Regulating Valve AII-2
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APPENDIX III DAMAGE CONTROL SYMBOLOGY AIII-1 Explanation Example SMOKE BOUNDARIES FIRE BOUNDARIES FB Fire Boundaries Ordered (Identify all Primary and Secondary Boundaries) Fire Boundaries Set FB SPPS 2221 7407 0505 FB FB SPPS 2221 7407 0505 Explanation Example (Identify all Primary and Secondary Boundaries) SB SPPS 2221 7407 0505 SPPS 2221 7407 0505 SB Smoke Boundaries Ordered Smoke Boundaries Set EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC PlatesSBSB EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates DCfAIV01
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AIII-2 FLOODING BOUNDARIES Explanation Example Flooding Boundaries Ordered (Identify all Primary and Secondary Boundaries) Flooding Boundaries SetFLB FLB FLB FLB SPPS 2221 7407 0505 SPPS 2221 7407 0505 EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates DCfAIV02
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AIII-3 AFFF BILGE SPRINKLING SYSTEM Explanation Example AFFF AFFF AFFF AFFF AFFF AFFF 1340 1340 (Time On)(Time Of f) 1342 AFFF Station Manned AFFF Station Activated/Time AFFF Station Secured/Time EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates FIXED CO SYSTEM Explanation Example CO2 CO2 (Time) CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 1340 1340 CO2 CO2 CO2 System Manned System Activated/Time Effective EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates 2 DCfAIV03
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AIII-4 FIXED HALON SYSTEM Explanation Example Halon System Activated/Time Halon System Released/Time Halon System Effective HALON HALON HALON HALON HALON HALON 1440 1440 1440 (Time) (Time) 1441 1441 EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates MAGAZINE SPRINKLER SYSTEM MSSM MSSM MSSM MSSM MSSM MSSM GP #6 GP #6 GP #6 Explanation Example Magazine Sprinkler System Manned Magazine Sprinkler System Activated Magazine Sprinkler System Secured (Group Number) Example-Final Triangle for DC Plates DCfAIV04
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AIII-5 FIRE (Class A, B,C, or D) Explanation Example Explanation Example SMOKE Smoke Reported Smoke Being Cleared (Method) Smoke Cleared Oxygen Test Safe Explosive Gas Test Safe Toxic Gas Test Safe S Ram Fan Black Black Ram Fan Black S S Ram Fan Ram Fan Ram Fan Black Black Black S S S O 20.8% O 20.8% 20.8% 2% LEL 2% LEL T 5 PPM CO (Color , if known) (Equipment Used) S S S S O% +O E% +O E% -T Example-Final Triangle for DC Plates A A A A A A A A A A Class ALPHA Fire Reported Class ALPHA Fire Contained Class ALPHA Fire Out Class ALPHA Fire Overhauled Class ALPHA Fire Reflash Watch Set (Name Not Required) S S DCfAIV05
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AIII-6 FLOODING Explanation Example FIREFIGHTING WATER Explanation Example FL FL FL FS FS FL FL FL (Depth) (Depth) Flooding Being Pumped Flooding Dewatered Flooded Solid Flooding Reported (Depth in IN or FT) (use of "or" not allowed) (EquipmentUsed) 2f t . 6 in. 0 P100 P100 EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates EXAMPLE-Final Symbol for DC Plates FFW (Depth) FFW (Depth) FFW (EquipmentUsed) Firefighting Water Reported (Depth in IN or FT) (use of "or" not allowed) Firefighting Water Being Pumped (Equipment Used) Firefighting Water Dewatered FFW FFW FFW ESP ESP 4 in. 2 in. 0 EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates DCfAIV06 2f t . 2f t . 6 in. 4 in. 4 in. 2 in.
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AIII-7 PROGRESSIVE FLOODINGS Explanation Example COMMUNICATIONS Explanation Example PFL PFL (Depth) (Depth) PFL (Equipment Used) Progressive Flooding Reported (Depth in IN or FT) (use of "or" not allowed) Progressive Flooding Being Pumped (Equipment Used) Progressive Flooding Dewatered Removed PFL PFL PFL ESP ESP 4 in. 2 in. 0 EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates T T T Communications Reported Lost on Circuit Communications Established Using Alternate Circuit Communications Restored on Reported Circuit (Circuit Lost) (AlternateCircuit) (Circuit Restored) T T T 2JZ 2JZ 2JZ X40J EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates X40J DCfAIV07 4 in. 2 in. 4 in.
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AIII-8 CASUALTY POWER EXPLANATION EXAMPLE SAGGING AND PANTING EXAMPLEEXPLANATION Casualty Power Ordered Casualty Power Rigged Casualty Power Energized CP CP CP CP CP CP EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates PANT PANT PANT PANT (Shore Type) (Location) Panting Bulkhead (Location, Bulkhead) Panting Bulkhead Shoring in Progress (Type of Shoring) Shoring Complete Shoring Watch Set PANT PANT PANT PANT Frame 57 Frame 57 Frame 57 Frame 57 I-T ype I-T ype I-T ype DCfAIV08
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AIII-9 ELECTRICAL Explanation Example E E E E E E E E ELECTRICAL DAMAGE Explanation Example Electrical Power Lost Electrical Power Ordered Isolated Electrical Power Isolated Electrical Power Restored EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates NAED ED ED ED NAED ED ED ED No Apparent Electrical Damage Electrical Damage Reported Electrical Damage Under Repair Electrical Damage Repaired EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates DCfAIV09
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AIII-10 MECHANICAL Explanation Example M M M M M M C/D C/D C/D C/D COMPARTMENT DEMOLISHED Explanation Example Mechanical Isolation Ordered Mechanical Isolation Complete Mechanical Isolation Restored EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates Compartment Demolished Compartment Cleared EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates DCfAIV10
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AIII-11 SPRUNG FITTING Explanation Example HOT AND JAMMED DOORS, HATCHES, QAWTD, ECT. Explanation Example Sprung Fitting Reported (Fitting Number) Repairs in Progress Sprung Fitting Repaired Type of Rep air (Fitting Number) K-T ype QAWTD 1-306-2 QAWTD 1-306-2 J J J J Jammed Unjammed (Fitting Number) QAWTD 1-220-2 QAWTD 1-220-2 EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates DCfAIV11
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AIII-12 PERSONNEL CASUALTY Explanation Example P P P P P P SN DRUM SN DRUM SN DRUM EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates Personnel Casualty Reported Corpman at Scene Personnel Casualty Evacuated (Name or Billet, if known) DCfAIV12
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AIII-13 HOLE RUPTURE Explanation Example Example Explanation R R R R R R R RRupture Reported (System, if known) (Pinpoint the Damage)(System) (C OVs) (System) Rupture Isolated Rupture Bypassed (How, Where) Ruptured System Repaired and COVs Opened FM Frame 155 STBD, Overhead FM Frame 155 STBD, Overhead Jumpered Around FM Frame 155 STBD, Overhead Jumpered Around FM Frame 155 STBD, Overhead EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates FM FM FM FMCOV 1-145-3 FMCOV 1-165-5 FMCOV 1-145-3 FMCOV 1-165-5 FMCOV 1-145-3 FMCOV 1-165-5 FM H H H (SIZE) Hole Reported (Size in IN or FT) (use of "or" not allowed) (Pinpoint the Damage) Hole Patching or Plugging in Process EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates H H H 4 IN Frame 96, STBD 2 FT off deck 4 IN Frame 96, STBD 2 FT off deck 4 IN Frame 96, STBD 2 FT off deck EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates DCfAIV13
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AIII-14 SPLIT SEAM OR CRACK Explanation Example WW WW WW WW WW WW Split Seam or Crack Reported (Size in IN or FT) (use of 'or" not allowed) (Pinpoint the Damage) Split Seam or Crack Repairs in Progress Split Seam or Crack Repairs Complete (size) 4I Nb y2F T Frame 96, STBD 2 FT Off Deck 4I Nb y2F T Frame 96, STBD 2 FT Off Deck 4I Nb y2F T Frame 96, STBD 2 FT Off Deck DCfAIV14 EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates
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AIII-15 GUN Explanation Example G G G G G G Hot Gun Casualty Reported Cool-Down Started Hot Gun Safe (Time) EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates 1315 1315 MISSILE MSL MSL MSL Missile Misfire Cool-Down Started or Jettison Ordered Jettisoned or Safe MSL MSL MSL EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates Example Explanation DCfAIV15
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AIII-16 HIGH EXPLOSIVE Explanation Example High Explosive Casualty Reported Recovery Started Area Safe HE HE HE HE HE EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates MAGAZINE Explanation Example MAG MAG MAG (Method) Magazine High Temperature Reported Cool-Down Started (Method) Area Safe MAG MAG MAG BOXF AN BOXF AN (Fitting Number) HIGH EXPLOSIVE Explanation Example MAGAZINE Explanation Example DCfAIV16 HE
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AIII-17 CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION Explanation Example Chemical Contamination Reported (Agent, Location if known) Chemical Contamination Isolated Decontamination Complete CHM CHM CHM CHM CHM CHM EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION Explanation Example BIO BIO BIO Biological Contamination Reported (Agent, Location if known) Biological Contamination Isolated Decontamination Complete BIO BIO BIO MUSTARD/FR 96,STBD MUSTARD/FR 96,STBD MUSTARD/FR 96,STBD RICIN/FR 96, STBD RICIN/FR 96, STBD RICIN/FR 96, STBD DCfAIV17 EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates
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AIII-18 RADIOLOGICAL (NUCLEAR) CONTAMINATION Explanation Example Explanation Example TOXIC GAS SYMBOLOGY Radiological Contamination Reported (Intensity if known) Radiological Contamination Isolated Decontamination Complete NUC NUC NUC (Intensity) (Location) NUC NUC NUC 180R/HR; FR102, STBD 180R/HR; FR102, STBD 180R/HR; FR102, STBD EXAMPLE-Final Triangle for DC Plates TOX TOX TOX TOX TOX TOX Toxic gas or HAZMAT Spill Reported Toxic gas or HAZMAT Spill Contained Toxic gas or HAZMAT Spill Contained Toxic gas or HAZMAT Spill Removed Oxygen Test Explosive Gas Test (Hazard if known) TOX TOX TOX TOX TOX O O O E E T HS2 20.8 2% LEL 5 PPM HS2 2% LEL 20.8 20.8 DCfAIV18 Toxic Gas Test HS2 HS2 HS2 HS2 HS2HS2 2 HS2
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APPENDIX IV REFERENCES USED TO DEVELOP THIS NONRESIDENT TRAINING COURSE When consulting these references, keep in mind that they may have been revised to reflect new technology or revised methods, practices, or procedures. You therefore need to ensure that you are studying the latest references. Damage Control Water Tight Closures Inspection, Maintenance and Repair Booklet, NAVSEA BOOKLET S9169-AW-DCB-010, Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, November 1992. Hazardous Material (HAZMAT) User’s Guide,OPNAV PUBLICATION P45-110, Office of the CNO, Washington, DC, March 1999. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) , V olume 4, Chapter 079, “Damage Control - Compartment Testing and Inspection,” Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, November 1998. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) , V olume 1, Chapter 079, “Damage Control - Stability and Buoyancy,” Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, November 1997. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) , V olume 3, Chapter 079, “Engineering Casualty Control,” Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, September 1999. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) , V olume 3, Chapter 074, “Gas Free Engineering,” Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, April 1998. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM), Chapter 670, “General Stowage, Handling, and Disposal of Hazardous General Use Consumables,” Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, May 1997. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM), Chapter 070, “Nuclear Defense At Sea and Radiological Recovery of Ships After Nuclear Weapons Explosion,” Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, July 1998. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM), Chapter 077, “Personnel Protection Equipment,” Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, March 1998. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM), Chapter 505, “Piping Systems,” Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, September 1999. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM), Chapter 593, “Pollution Control,” Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, September 1999. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) , V olume 2, Chapter 079, “Practical Damage Control,” Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, August 1998. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM), Chapter 470, “Shipboard BW/CW Defense and Counter- measures,” Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, August 1998. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) , V olume 1, Chapter 555, “Surface Ship Fire Fighting,” Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, September 1999. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM), Chapter 096, “Weights and Stability,” Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, August 1996. Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual for Forces Afloat , OPNA V INSTRUCTION 5100.19D, Office of the CNO, Washington, DC, November 2000. Navy Warfare Publication (NWP), Surface Ship Survivability, NWP 3-20.31, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Washington, DC, 1996. Planned Maintenance System , OPNA VINST 4790.4, Office of the CNO, Washington, DC, November 1994. Quality Assurance Program , CINCLANTFLT/ CINCPACFLTINST 4790.3, December 2000. Standard Organization and Regulations of the U.S. Navy, OPNA VINST 3120.32C, Office of the CNO, Washington, DC, April 1994. U.S. Navy CBR Defense and U.S. Marine Corps NBC Defense Handbook, OPNA V P-86-1-95, Office of the CNO, Washington, DC, April 1995. AIV-1
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INDEX A Accessman, 2-10 Administrative organization, 2-1 Air blast injuries, 10-9 Airburst, 10-2 Air test, 3-23 Analysis of stability, 12-11 AN/PDR-27, 11-2 AN/PDR-43, 11-3 AN/PDR-65, 11-3 Antiflash clothing, 5-15 Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), 4-6 AFFF fire extinguisher, portable, 5-2 AFFF, installed system, 6-4 AFFF sprinkler system, 6-10 AFFF station operator, 2-10 AFFF valves, 6-7 to 6-9 Aqueous potassium carbonate (APC), 6-17 Atmospheric testing, 7-14 Atom, components of, 10-1 At-sea fire party, 2-7 Attack team considerations, 7-7 Auxiliary circuits, 2-16 B Balanced-pressure proportioner, 6-9 Base surge, 10-8 Battle damage repair, 8-1 Battle dressing stations, 2-7 Battle lanterns, 5-22 Battle organization, 2-1 Bills and directives, 1-11 Biological effects of nuclear radiation, 10-9 Biological warfare (BW) agents, 9-19 biological operations, 9-19 detection of, 9-21 dissemination of, 9-21 effects of, 9-21 Blister agents, 9-7 Blood agents, 9-7 Blowers, portable, 5-22 Booklet of inclining experiment data, 12-11 Boundaryman, 2-10 Buoyancy, 12-5 and 12-6 C C2 canister, 9-3 Cables, watertight, 3-21 Cable identification, 8-22 Carbon dioxide (CO 2) equipment, 4-4 CO2 fire extinguisher, portable, 5-3 CO2 flooding system, 6-13 CO2 hose-and-reel system, 6-13 CO2 transfer unit, 5-4 Carbon monoxide (CO), 4-4 CASCOR, 1-11 CASREP, 1-11 Casualty power runs, 8-20 Casualty power system, 8-20 Casualty power system, portable, 8-21 CB protective overgarment, 9-4 CB warfare protective equipment, 9-1 CBR defense, 9-1 CBR Defense Bill, 9-28 Center of buoyancy, 12-7 Center of gravity, 12-3 Checking equipment, 7-10 Chemical warfare defense, 9-1 chemical agent detection capabilities, 9-10 chemical agent detection paper, 9-11 chemical agent detector kit, 9-13 chemical agent point detector system (capds), 9-17 chemical agents, 9-5 chemical contamination, monitoring of, 9-18 chemical decontamination, 9-25 chemical operations, 9-5 chemical protective garment, advanced (acpg), 9-4 chemical warfare directional detector (cwdd), an/kas-1, 9-15 chemical warfare directional detector (cwdd), choking agents, 9-8 Closure system, 9-22 Collective protection system (CPS), 11-15 Combustion, rate of, 4-5 Command duty officer, 1-6 Communications, shipboard, 2-16 Compartment air test, 3-22 Compartment checkoff lists (CCOL), 1-11, 3-19 and 3-20 Compartment remanning, 7-16 Compartment lettering, 3-6 Compartment numbering, 3-4 Compartmentation, 3-1 Contamination control area (CCA), 9-26 Contamination markers, 9-18 Countermeasures at sea, 9-22 Countermeasures washdown (CMWD) system, 9-22 CP-95A/PD, 11-4 Cross curves of stability, 12-14 D Damage control, 1-1 damage control administration, 1-10 damage control assistant, 1-7 damage control, basic objectives of, 1-1 damage control book, 1-3 damage control central, 2-2 damage control closure log, 3-21 damage control communications, 2-11 damage control doctrine, 13-3 damage control equipment, 8-1 and 8-2 damage control kits, 8-2 damage control messages, 2-17 and Appendix III damage control organization, com- munication, and information, 2-1 damage control petty officer, 1-9 damage control responsibilities, 1-1 damage control supervisor, 1-8 damage controlman rating, 1-1 Damaged systems, 7-9 Decks, 3-1 to 3-4 Deck numbering system, 3-3 Decontamination, 11-14 decontamination, personnel, 9-23 and 11-14 decontamination process, 11-14 decontamination station, 9-24 and 11-15 Density, 12-3 Department heads, 1-6 Desmoking, 7-14 and 7-15 Dewatering, 7-15 Dewatering equipment, 5-1 Diagrams and blueprints, 2-19 Displacement, 12-6 Dissemination of BW agents, 9-6 Division officer, 1-9 Doors, watertight, 3-7 Dosimeters, 11-3 DT-60/PD, 11-4 E Eductors, 5-19 to 5-21 Electrician, 2-10 Electromagnetic pulse (EMP), 10-7 Emergency access equipment, 8-17 Emergency circuits, 2-17 Emergency escape breathing device (EEBD), 7-8 Emergency overboard discharge connetions, 5-21 Engineer officer, 1-6 EW ARP, 8-20 Executive officer, 1-5 Exothermic torch, 2-10 Extinguishing agents, 4-5 and 4-6 INDEX-1
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F Fallout, 10-7 Fans, portable, 5-22 Fighting the fire, 7-8 Fire and smoke boundaries, 7-9 Fire attack, 7-12 and 7-13 Fire, classes of, 4-2, 7-1 and 7-2 Fire, dynamics of, 7-3 Fire, effects of, 4-3 Fire growth, 7-4 Fire extinguishers, portable, 5-1 Fire extinguishment, 7-1 Fire-fighter’s ensemble, 5-14 and 7-11 Fire-fighting fundamentals, 4-1 Fire-fighting systems, 6-1 Fire-fighting tactics, 7-1 Fire marshal, 1-9 Fire spread, 7-5 Fire tactics, 7-1 Fire triangle, 4-1 Firemain systems, types of, 6-1 Fittings, classification of, 3-13 Flashlights/headlamps, 5-23 Force, moments of, 12-3 and 12-4 Frame numbering, 3-5 Freeboard, 12-7 Free communication effect, 12-18 Free surface effect, 12-15 and 12-16 G Gases, 4-3 General quarters, 7-7 H Halon systems, 4-6, and 6-14 to 6-16 Hangfires and overhaul, 7-14 Hatches, 3-8 Heat, human tolerance to, 7-6 Heat stress, 7-13 Heat stroke, 7-13 High-altitude burst, 10-3 Holes in the hull, 8-3 Hose handling, 7-12 Hose team, briefing, 7-10 Hose team movements, 7-12 Hull repair, 8-3 Hull, structure of, 3-1 to 3-4 Hull terms, 3-2 Hydrogen sulfide, 4-4 I In-port activities, 7-7 IM-9/PD, 11-4 Incapacitating agents, 9-9 Incendiaries, 9-9 Inclining experiment, 12-10 Inclining moments, 12-8 Indirect attack, 7-11 Information, sources for training, 13-1 Initial nuclear radiation, 10-7 Injuries from underwater shock, 10-10 Injuries, nuclear radiation, 10-9 and 10-10 In-port fire party, 2-8 Inspection of doorframes, 3-9 and 3-10 Investigation, 7-16 Investigator, 2-9 Isometric damage control diagram, 2-20 J Jubilee pipe patch, 8-19 L Lanterns, portable, 5-23 Longitudinal stability, 12-19 Loose water, 12-15 M M256A1 chemical agent detector kit, 9-12 M291 skin decontamination kit (SDK), 9-23 M8 detector paper, 9-11 M9 detector paper, 9-11 Magazine sprinkler systems, 6-2 Mask, protective, 9-2 Material condition of readiness, 3-13 MCU-2A/P protective mask, 9-4 Message blanks, 2-16 to 2-18, and Appendix III Metacenter, 12-9 Metacentric height, 12-10 Metal shores, 8-9 Microorganisms, 9-20 Moments, 12-4 N Navy schools, 1-2 Nerve agents, 9-6 NFTI, 7-10 Nozzleman, 2-9 Nuclear bursts, effects of, 10-5 Nuclear bursts, types of, 10-2 Nuclear radiation, 10-6 O Officer of the deck, 1-5 On-scene leader, 2-9 Oxygen, 4-4 and 4-5 Oxygen breathing apparatus (OBA), 6-2 to 6-13 P Patch, EW ARP, 8-19 Patch, Jubilee, 8-19 Patch, soft, 8-19 Patches, 8-6 PECU, 8-17 Personnel injuries, 10-8 Pests, 9-21 PHARS, 8-17 Phone talker, 2-10 Physics, 12-2 Pipe patching, 8-18 PKP, 4-6 and 5-1 Plugging and patching holes, 8-5 Plugging and patching materials, 8-3 Plugman, 2-10 Portable emergency pumps, 5-16 Portable fans and blowers, 5-22 Portable fire extinguishers, 5-1 PP-4276A/PD, 11-5 PQS, 1-4 Preparing to enter a space, 7-9 Primary air supply pack (PASP), 5-14 Primary circuits, 2-15 to 2-16 Professional development, 1-2 and 1-7 Protective equipment, 5-5 Protective mask, 9-1 Protective shielding, 11-13 Pump, P-100 portable, 5-16 to 5-18 Pump, portable electrical, 5-18 Pump, submersible, 5-19 Q Quantab chloride titrator, 5-36 to 5-37 R RADIAC equipment, calibration of, 11-5 RADIAC instruments, 11-1 Radiation sickness, 10-11 Radioactive water pool, 10-8 Radiological defense and recovery, 11-1 Radiological effects, 10-1 Radiological exposure control, 11-13 Radiological surveys, 11-6 Ramfans, portable, 5-22 Records, 1-11 Reflash prevention, 7-14 Reflash watch, 7-14 Repair parties and teams, 2-3 to 2-7 and 7-8 Repair party manual, 1-3 Reports, 1-11 and 1-12 Reserve air supply pack (RASP), 5-14 Responsibilities of key personnel, 1-5 Righting arm and moments, 12-13 INDEX-2
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S Safety, 3-12 SACPS, 9-27 Schools, 1-2 Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), 5-12 Shelters, 11-14 Ship information book (SIB), 1-4 Sholes, 8-9 Shores, measuring and cutting, 8-10 Shoring, 8-8 to 8-15 Shoring batten, 8-11 Shoring kit, 8-10 Shoring material, 8-8 Shoring rules, 8-14 Sources of information, 1-2 to 1-4 Stability, analysis of, 12-11 Stability and buoyancy, 12-1 Stability curves, 12-12 and 12-13 Strongbacks, 8-9 Supplied air respirator (SAR), 5-13 Surface burst, 10-3 Survey meters, 11-2 Surveys, 11-6 Symbology, damage control, 2-21 and Appendix III T Team leader, 2-9 Tear agents, 9-11 Telephone circuits, 2-12 to 2-14 Telephone circuits, battle, 2-12 Telephones, ship’s service, 2-14 Thermal radiation, 10-6 Total protection (TP) zones, 9-27 and 11-15 Toxins, 9-9 Training, damage control, 13-1 Trigonometry, 12-1 U Underground burst, 10-4 Underwater burst, 10-3 Underwater repairs, 8-4 Underwater shock, 10-5 V Vectors of disease, 9-20 Ventilation, 3-24 Visual inspection, 3-22 V olume, 12-3 V omiting agents, 9-8 W Water, 4-6 Watertight closures, 3-7 Watertight door parts, 3-11 Watertight integrity, 3-7 Watertight integrity, checking, 3-22 Weathering, 9-23 Wedges, 8-9 Weight, 12-3 INDEX-3
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1 ASSIGNMENT 1 Textbook Assignment: "Damage Controlman Rating" and “Damage Control Organization, Communication, and Information," chapters 1 and 2. Learning Objective: Recall the duties and responsibilities of the Damage Controlman rating. 1-1. Which of the following responsibilities is NOT applicable to a Damage Controlman? 1. Preserving watertight integrity 2. Instructing damage control parties 3. Serving as the senior member of the underway watch team 4. Conducting CBR defense 1-2. Organization and teamwork are the keys to successful damage control. 1. True 2. False 1-3. Which of the following goals is NOT applicable to damage control? 1. Limiting the spread of a fire and caring for wounded personnel 2. Preserving watertight integrity and ship stability maneuverability 3. Controlling list and trim and protecting against the effects of chemical and biological agents 4. Maintaining adequate food and fuel supplies 1-4. Which of the following actions is NOT a basic objective of shipboard damage control? 1. Minimizing and localizing damage 2. Accomplishing emergency repairs and restorations as quickly as possible 3. Taking all practicable preliminary measures before damage occurs 4. Maintaining auxiliary machinery and piping systems 1-5. When repairing damage control equipment, you should always refer to the 1. PM guidebook 2. manufacturer’s technical manual 3. appropriate Naval Ships' Technical Manual (NSTM) 4. shop instructions 1-6. Damage control books are furnished to some selected small ships and to all naval ships that exceed what length, in feet? 1. 200 2. 210 3. 215 4. 220
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2 1-7. Small ships that are not issued damage control books may 1. order them from NAVSEA 2. use copies from a larger ship 3. develop their own 4. purchase copies from NAVSUP 1-8. Which of the following subjects is NOT covered by damage control books? 1. Damage control systems and general information 2. Ship’s compartmentation and piping systems 3. Ship’s electrical and ventilation systems 4. Ship’s radar and missile systems 1-9. What command maintains a record of all damage control books distributed? 1. OPNAV 2. CINCPAC 3. NAVSEA 4. SPAWAR 1-10. What officer is normally the custodian of the damage control books? 1. Officer of the Deck (OOD) 2. Executive officer 3. Engineer officer 4. Administration officer 1-11. A standard repair party manual does NOT include which of the following information? 1. The methods of investigating damage and the means for reporting the damage 2. A chain of command diagram 3. A secondary DCC description 4. The deck plans of the ship 1-12. Type commanders are responsible for the preparation of standard repair party manuals for ships under their authority. 1. True 2. False 1-13. Charts and detailed listings of fittings are not required in the repair party manual. This information should be available in which of the following manuals? 1. NSTM 2. NWP 3-20.31 3. 3-M Manual 4. NAVSEA damage control book 1-14. When a ship is built for the Navy, the Ship Information Book is prepared by 1. Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) 2. the builder 3. the Commander Fleet Activities (COMFLEACT) 4. the Bureau of Inspection and Survey
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3 Learning Objective: Recall the damage control responsibilities of key personnel in the chain of command. 1-15. What chapter of the U.S. Navy Regulations describes the responsibilities of the commanding officer? 1. 1 2. 5 3. 7 4. 4 1-16. What person keeps the commander advised of the status of the ship’s damage control readiness? 1. Command duty officer in port 2. OOD 3. Engineer officer 4. Executive officer 1-17. What person is the senior member of the underway watch team? 1. OOD 2. Engineer officer 3. Executive officer 4. Damage Control Assistant (DCA) 1-18. The command duty officer in port is generally NOT responsible for which of the following actions? 1 Lecturing the commanding officer on specific rules and regulations 2. Advising the OOD in matters concerning the general duties and safety of the ship 3. Keeping informed of the ship’s position and the status of the engineering plant 4. Relieving the OOD, when required for the safety of the ship, and notifying the commanding officer when such action is taken 1-19. Department heads do NOT have which of the following responsibilities? 1. To ensure optimum material conditions of readiness with the department as prescribed by compartment checkoff lists (CCOLs) provided by the DCA 2. To operate and maintain the main propulsion plant, auxiliary machinery, and piping systems 3. To require that damage control equipment and fittings be maintained in their proper locations and in operating order 4. To provide personnel for damage control, repair, fire, and rescue parties, as required by the ship’s organization bills
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4 1-20. When conducting CBR defense procedures, the engineer officer acts as the technical assistant to what officer? 1. Command duty officer 2. OOD 3. Executive officer 4. DCA 1-21. An engineer officer does NOT have which of the following duties? 1. Organizing repair party 5 according to the ship's Battle Bill 2. Supervising the training of repair party 5 3. Assigning appropriate engineering ratings to other repair parties according to the ship's Battle Bill 4. Maintaining a written damage control log 1-22. What person is responsible for submitting to the planning board a schedule of damage control training requirements for the ship’s crew? 1. Safety officer 2. OOD 3. Executive officer 4. DCA 1-23. What person is responsible for maintaining a written damage control log and supervising the maintenance of the ship’s damage control closure log? 1. Engineer officer 2. Damage control supervisor 3. Fire marshal 4. DCA 1-24. The estimated time a fitting is open should not exceed what period of time, in hours? 1. 96 2. 72 3. 48 4. 24 1-25. The fire marshal does NOT have which of the following duties and responsibilities? 1. Maintaining the damage control log 2. Conducting daily inspections of the ship 3. Submitting reports of fire hazards to the DCA and executive officer 4. Serving as an assistant to the engineer officer 1-26. What person is responsible for supervising the setting of specified damage control material conditions? 1. Division damage control petty officer 2. DCA 3. OOD 4. Executive officer
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5 1-27. What person is responsible for weighing CO2 bottles and ensuring damage control and fire-fighting equipment is properly stenciled or identified by proper color code? 1. Division officer 2. Damage control petty officer 3. DCA 4. Fire marshal 1-28. As a Damage Controlman, your first assignment aboard ship will normally be to serve as a 1. DCA 2. repair locker supervisor 3. member of an emergency damage control team 4. damage control zone inspector Learning Objective: Recall the various damage control administrative programs, directives, and reports. 1-29. The ship’s Battle Bill is tailored to a specific ship for battle organization. 1. True 2. False 1-30. What person is responsible for the Rescue and Assistance Bill? 1. Executive officer 2. Engineer officer 3. DCA 4. Division officer 1-31. What person is responsible for the Cold Weather Bill? 1. DCA 2. Executive officer 3. Division officer 4. Damage control petty officer 1-32. What person is responsible for the Toxic Gas Bill and the Darken Ship Bill? 1. DCA 2. Executive officer 3. Division officer 4. Damage control petty officer 1-33. What person is responsible for maintaining the master CCOL? 1. Damage control petty officer 2. Executive officer 3. Division officer 4. DCA 1-34. A CCOL is maintained in each compartment of the ship and provides information on all fittings within the compartment. 1. True 2. False 1-35. A CASREP is submitted to report the occurrence of an equipment casualty that cannot be corrected within how many hours? 1. 99 2. 96 3. 72 4. 48
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6 1-36. What type of report is submitted when equipment reported on a CASREP is returned to operational condition? 1. Safe Wind 2. Updated CASREP 3. CASCOR 4. SITREP 1-37. What program requires the testing of damage control equipment and preparation of inspection reports? 1. Ship’s Maintenance Program 2. Bureau of Inspection and Survey Maintenance Program 3. Maintenance and Material Management (3-M) Program 4. Critical Maintenance Program 1-38. The QA Program is fully presented in what instruction? 1. CINCLANTFLT/CINCPACFLT INST 4790 2. CINCLANTFLT/CINCPACFLT INST 4630 3. CINCLANTFLT/CINCPACFLT INST 4550 4. CINCLANTFLT/CINCPACFLT INST 4410 1-39. What are the two types of audits used by the ship’s force? 1. Random and Specific 2. Comprehensive and Full 3. Vertical and Horizontal 4. Parallel and Summary 1-40. What officer is responsible for monitoring the Hearing Conservation Program and the Heat Stress Program? 1. Engineer 2. Safety 3. Administration 4. Executive 1-41. Heat stress is any combination of air temperature, thermal radiation, humidity, airflow, and workload that stresses the body as it attempts to regulate body temperature. 1. True 2. False Learning Objective: Recall the elements of the damage control organization and the duties and responsibilities of members of repair parties. 1-42. The two elements of the damage control organization are the damage control administrative organization and the damage control battle organization. 1. True 2. False 1-43. The damage control administrative organization is part of what department? 1. Supply 2. Engineering 3. Operations 4. Deck
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7 1-44. DCC is a part of the damage control administrative organization. 1. True 2. False 1-45. Personnel assigned to DCC are under the supervision of what person? 1. Executive officer 2. Commanding officer 3. OOD 4. DCA 1-46. The main deck repair party is designated as what repair party? 1. Repair 1 2. Repair 2 3. Repair 3 4. Repair 4 1-47. The forward repair party is made up of personnel from the deck and engineering departments and is designated as what repair party? 1. Repair 1 2. Repair 2 3. Repair 3 4. Repair 4 1-48. What repair party is primarily made up of personnel from the air and engineering departments? 1. Repair 1 2. Repair 2 3. Repair 7 4. Repair 8 1-49. The ordnance disposal team is administered as a unit of the ship’s 1. air department 2. weapon's department 3. supply department 4. engineering department 1-50. Obtaining samples of biological agents and the identification of chemical agents are two of the general responsibilities of the 1. damage control repair parties 2. DCA 3. damage control petty officer 4. ordnance disposal teams 1-51. What repair party is responsible for maintaining the ship’s propulsion equipment? 1. Repair 8 2. Repair 7 3. Repair 6 4. Repair 5 1-52. Most ships have a minimum of how many battle dressing stations equipped for emergency handling of personnel battle casualties? 1. Six 2. Two 3. Three 4. Four
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8 1-53. Most surface ships have a special fast-response party known as the at- sea party and is sometimes called the 1. “911 Squad” 2. “Mercury Squad” 3. “Dalmatian Squad” 4. “Flying Squad” 1-54. If the fire is beyond rapid-response team capabilities, the fire marshal will turn duties over to the scene leader. 1. True 2. False 1-55. The team leader directs the efforts of attack teams while using the 1. Naval Fire-fighter’s Thermal Unit (NFTU) 2. Naval Fire-fighter’s Thermal Imager (NFTI) 3. Naval Fire-fighter’s Thermal Display (NTFD) 4. Naval Fire-fighter’s Thermal Finder (NFTF) 1-56. What person is in charge of the fire party at the scene of the fire? 1. On-scene leader 2. Nozzleman 3. Plugman 4. Accessman 1-57. What person provides forcible-entry tools and atmosphere-testing devices at the scene of a fire in a compartment? 1. Nozzleman 2. Boundaryman 3. Accessman 4. Electrician Learning Objective: Recall the funda- mentals of shipboard damage control communications. 1-58. What circuit is the damage and stability control circuit that provides vital communication between critical stations? 1. 1JZ 2. 2JZ 3. 3JZ 4. 4JZ 1-59. Circuit JL is used by surface and sky lookouts. 1. True 2. False 1-60. What circuit is only used to announce vital information of interest to all of the ship’s company? 1. 9AF 2. 1MC 3. 3JV 4. 4MC
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9 1-61. The ship’s service telephones should not be depended upon for damage control communications because they can be knocked out of commission easily. 1. True 2. False IN ANSWERING QUESTIONS 1-62 THROUGH 1-67, REFER TO FIGURE 1A. A. B. C. FM D. E. FM F. G. FM H. I. Figure 1A 1-62. Which symbol identifies a class ALPHA fire contained? 1. H 2. F 3. B 4. A 1-63. Which symbol identifies a ruptured firemain repaired and COV opened? 1. C 2. D 3. E 4. G 1-64. Which symbol identifies a ruptured firemain bypassed? 1. E 2. G 3. C 4. B 1-65. Which symbol identifies flooding that has been dewatered? 1B 2. D 3. E 4. F 1-66. Which symbol identifies a class ALPHA fire out? 1. A 2. D 3. F 4. H 1-67. What symbol identifies flooding being pumped? 1. I 2. E 3. D 4. B
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10 1-68. What is the standard damage control symbology for a watertight hatch? 1. WH 2. WTH 3. HWT 4. HW 1-69. To ensure maintenance of communi- cations control, the sequence of command is provided in the Ship’s Repair Party Manual a n di sp o s t e di n 1. each compartment 2. damage control central only 3. all passageways 4. each repair locker 1-70. The initial report from a repair party should contain the location and nature of the damage. Subsequent reports should contain information of the extent of the damage, the measures being taken to correct the damage, and any assistance required. 1. True 2. False Learning Objective: Recall the purposes and use of damage control diagrams and blueprints. 1-71. The Ship's Drawing Index (SDI) is maintained in what office? 1. DCC (blueprint cabinet) 2. Operations office 3. Supply office 4. Engineering department office (log room) 1-72. Isometric diagrams are three- dimensional and are developed and provided under strict requirements set forth by what command? 1. NAVSURPAC 2. NAVSEA 3. NAVSUP 4. BIS 1-73. A better understanding of ship's plans and blueprints can be gained by completing the Navy's nonresident training course (NRTC) Blueprint Reading and Sketching, NAVEDTRA 12014. 1. True 2. False 1-74. On the isometric damage control d i a g r a m s ,e a c hd e c ki ss h o w na s a separate level. 1. True 2. False 1-75. Drawings kept onboard your ship are identified in the SDI by what symbol? 1. Plus sign 2. Asterisk 3. Em-dash 4. Capital letter X
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11 ASSIGNMENT 2 Textbook Assignment: “Ship Compartmentation and Watertight Integrity" and "Fire-Fighting Fundamentals,” chapters 3 and 4. Learning Objective: Recall the definitions of terms used to define the structure of the hull of a ship and the numbering systems used to identify the different compartments of a ship. 2-1. Most structural members of the hull of a ship are either directly or indirectly attached to what structure? 1. Gunwale 2. Keel 3. A-strake 4. Bulwark 2-2. What structures provide extra transverse stiffening and partition the hull into independent watertight sections? 1. Watertight stanchions 2. Watertight brackets 3. Watertight bulkheads 4. Watertight rider plates 2-3. On all ships except aircraft carriers, the uppermost complete deck is identified as the main deck. What deck is identified as the main deck on an aircraft carrier? 1. Gun deck 2. Forecastle 3. Hangar deck 4. Flight deck 2-4. The first complete deck below the main deck is identified as what deck? 1. First 2. Second 3. Third 4. Fourth 2-5. The boat deck is what level above the main deck? 1. 01 2. 02 3. 03 4. 04 Learning Objective: Recall compartment number designations for ships built after March 1949. 2-6. Compartment identifiers have a four- part number separated by hyphens; the four parts indicate: (1) the deck upon which the compartment is located, (2) the fore-and-aft locations of the compartment, (3) the position of the compartment relative to the ship's centerline, and (4) the compartment use. 1. True 2. False
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12 2-7. All frames forward of the forward perpendicular are identified by a capital letter, starting with A.T h e frames aft of the aft perpendicular are identified with double capital letters, starting with 1. AA 2. BB 3. MM 4. ZZ 2-8. How are compartments completely to starboard on a ship identified? 1. By assigned even numbers 2. By assigned odd numbers 3. By assigned even numbers plus the letter S 4. By assigned odd numbers plus the letter R 2-9. On dry- and liquid-cargo ships, how is the primary use of a cargo space identified to differentiate it from spaces containing the same commodity for use by the ship? 1. A letter and a number is used 2. A double letter is used 3. A double letter and a number is used 4. A double letter plus a capital letter C is used ───────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall different types of watertight closures and the inspection procedures for the closures. ───────────────────────────── 2-10. Which of the following is NOT a watertight closure or fitting? 1. Watertight doors 2. Raised watertight hatches 3. Raised watertight hatches with scuttles 4. Watertight bulkheads 2-11. What type of watertight closure is usually found in low traffic areas that do not require either rapid access or egress? 1. Watertight doors 2. Raised watertight hatches 3. Raised watertight hatches with scuttles 4. Quick-acting watertight doors 2-12. When inspecting watertight closures, you must comply with the instructions in Navy Safety Precautions for Forces Afloat, OPNAVINST 5100 series. 1. True 2. False 2-13. The maximum acceptable warpage of a doorframe is what fraction of an inch? 1. 1/8 2. 1/4 3. 1/2 4. 3/4
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13 ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the requirements for the three material conditions of readiness. ──────────────────────────── 2-14. The term material condition of readiness refers to the degree of access and system closure in effect on a ship 1. at any given time 2. when in port 3. during wartime 4. during naval operations 2-15. What are the names of the three material conditions of readiness? 1. ALPHA, BRAVO, and CHARLIE 2. RED, WHITE, and BLUE 3. X-RAY, YOKE, and ZEBRA 4. MCON 1, MCON 2, and MCON 3 2-16. What material condition of readiness is set to isolate and control fires and flooding when the ship is not at GQ? 1. RED 2. TWO 3. CHARLIE 4. ZEBRA 2-17. What person grants permission to open and close fittings in their assigned areas when the ship is at general quarters? 1. Executive officer 2. Damage control assistant (DCA) 3. Repair party officer 4. OOD 2-18. CIRCLE X-RAY fittings are marked with a black X inside of a black circle. These modified closures are secured during what conditions? 1. X-RAY, YOKE, and ZEBRA 2. X-RAY and YOKE only 3. YOKE and ZEBRA only 4. X-RAY and ZEBRA only 2-19. The access doors to missile handling and checkout area compartments are marked with what material condition of readiness? 1. X-RAY 2. YOKE 3. ZEBRA 4. CIRCLE X-RAY 2-20. Which of the following compartment hatches are marked with a CIRCLE YOKE identifier? 1. Air-conditioning machinery room 2. Scuttles for passing ammunition 3. Air compressor room 4. Steering gear power and ram room 2-21. ZEBRA fittings are marked with a red Z. Proper authorization to open fittings with this classification is required when the ship is at condition X-RAY. 1. True 2. False
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14 ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the purpose of the CCOL. ──────────────────────────── 2-22. Compartment Checkoff Lists (CCOLs) provide an itemized listing of all classified fittings and closures used in damage control to set the specified 1. material condition of readiness 2. defense conditions 3. electronic countermeasures 4. protective measures 2-23. Guidelines listed in what manual are used to check and update CCOLs? 1. NSTM, chapter 079, volume 1 2. NSTM, chapter 079, volume 2 3. NSTM, chapter 079, volume 3 4. NSTM, chapter 079, volume 4 2-24. When a compartment has more than one entrance, duplicate CCOLs clearly labeled DUPLICATE must be posted at each entrance. 1. True 2. False 2-25. What person maintains a master copy of every CCOL on file in DCC? 1. Division officer 2. Repair team leader 3. DCA 4. OOD ───────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the purpose of the damage control closure log and how to use it correctly. ───────────────────────────── 2-26. During general quarters (GQ), who controls the opening and closing of all fittings in their assigned areas and keeps DCC informed so the ship's DC closure log can be kept up-to-date? 1. DCAs 2. Personnel in charge of repair lockers 3. Repair party officers 4. Division officers 2-27. What is the maximum time a closure or fitting may be logged open? 1. 48 hours 2. 36 hours 3. 30 hours 4. 24 hours 2-28. A common place for leakage is around dog spindles where the spindles pass 1. over heaters 2. through doorframes 3. through air-conditioned compartments 4. under vents 2-29. For a door or hatch to be watertight when it is dogged, the knife-edge or bearing surface of the closure must be centered on the gasket. 1. True 2. False
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15 2-30. When opening a closure, you can protect yourself by standing on the opposite side from the hinges and loosening the dogs nearest the hinge first. 1. True 2. False 2-31. Watertight scuttles have a safety device known as a 1. safety catch 2. retaining ring 3. bracing link assembly 4. hinge pin 2-32. Most injuries to personnel connected with closures are the result of faulty design of the closure. 1. True 2. False ───────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the procedures for checking watertight integrity. ───────────────────────────── 2-33. Guidelines for compartment tests and inspections are provided in NSTM, chapter 079, 1. volume 1, "Damage Control" 2. volume 2, "Damage Control," 3. volume 3, "Damage Control," 4. volume 4, "Damage Control," 2-34. Often you can discover holes or cracks in watertight bulkheads and decks by conducting a thorough visual inspection. 1. True 2. False 2-35. The Schedule of Watertight Integrity Tests and Inspections is issued by NAVSEA for each ship. This schedule contains information on each watertight compartment and the type of test used to determine the 1. type of OBAs used in the area 2. air quality in the compartment 3. tightness of the compartment 4. correct lubricant to use on doors ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the components of the “fire triangle.” ───────────────────────────── 2-36. The fire triangle does NOT include which of the following components? 1. Fuel 2. Halogens 3. Heat 4. Oxygen 2-37. When a fire is detected aboard ship, you must report it immediately to the 1. LCPO 2. Executive officer 3. OOD 4. DCA
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16 2-38. Details on fire extinguishing are contained in NSTM,c h a p t e r 1. 440, volume 1 2. 455, volume 1 3. 505, volume 1 4. 555, volume 1 2-39. Fire, also called combustion, can be extinguished by eliminating one side of the fire triangle. 1. True 2. False 2-40. Combustion involves a rapid chemical reaction by which oxygen combines with a burning substance. This chemical reaction is known as 1. liquefaction 2. titration 3. oxidation 4. reduction 2-41. In some types of materials slow oxidation can turn into fast oxidation resulting in a fire. This phenomenon is known as 1. titration 2. hydration 3. accelerated kinetics 4. spontaneous combustion 2-42. What is the definition of the fire point of a liquid fuel? 1. The lowest temperature at which the fuel gives off vapors that will burn when a flame is applied 2. The temperature that is one degree below that needed for ignition 3. The temperature at which the fuel will continue to burn after it is ignited 4. The highest temperature at which the fuel gives off vapors that explodes spontaneously 2-43. The temperature at which spontaneous combustion of a fuel occurs is known as the 1. fire point 2. flash point 3. explosive point 4. auto-ignition point 2-44. What is the definition of the flash point of a flammable substance? 1. The lowest temperature at which the fuel gives off vapors that will burn when a flame or spark is applied 2. The lowest temperature to which the fuel must be heated to give off vapors that will burn without the application of a spark or flame 3. The temperature at which the fuel will continue to burn after it is ignited 4. The highest temperature at which the fuel gives off vapors that explodes spontaneously
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17 2-45. A minimum concentration of what percentage of oxygen in the air is needed to sustain flaming combustion? 1. 10 2. 15 3. 20 4. 25 2-46. What percentage of air is normally oxygen? 1. 10% 2. 21% 3. 33% 4. 78% ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the different classifications of fires and identify the fire extinguishers used to extinguish each type of fire. ──────────────────────────── 2-47. Fires are classified according to the 1. location of the fire 2 . c o l o ro ft h ef i r e 3. temperature of the air around the fire 4. combustible or fuel involved 2-48. A magnesium fire can be extin- guished by covering it with a large volume of 1. PKP 2. soapy water 3. dry sand 4. gasoline 2-49. What type of extinguisher is primarily used to extinguish a class ALPHA fire? 1. AFFF 2. Large volumes of sand 3. Water 4. PKP IN ANSWERING QUESTIONS 2-50 THROUGH 2-53, REFER TO FIGURE 2A AND SELECT FROM COLUMN B T H EF I R EC L A S S I F I C A T I O NF O R THE COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL IN COLUMN A. A. COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS___ B. CLASS OF FIRE_____ 2-50. Electrical wiring and insulation 2-51. Magnesium, titanium, and sodium 2-52. Flammable liquids, such as gasoline, jet fuel, paints, oil, and grease 2-53. Paper, wood, and mattresses 1. ALPHA 2. BRAVO 3. CHARLIE 4. DELTA Figure 2A
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18 2-54. What type of extinguishers should be used to extinguish a class BRAVO fire? 1. AFFF, Halon 1301, PKP, CO 2, water fog 2. Jettison from ship; use large volumes of water and sand 3. Water and sand 4. CO 2 and Halon 1211 are preferred; PKP can be used 2-55. What type of extinguishers should be used to extinguish a class CHARLIE fire? 1. AFFF, Halon 1301, PKP, CO 2, water fog 2. Jettison from ship; use large volumes of water and sand 3. Water and sand 4. CO 2 and Halon 1211 are preferred; PKP can be used 2-56. What type of extinguishers are used to extinguish a class DELTA fire? 1. AFFF, Halon 1301, PKP, CO 2, water fog 2. Jettison from ship; use large volumes of water and sand 3. Water and AFFF 4. CO 2 and Halon 1211 are preferred; PKP can be used ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the effects of fire and the properties of the gases given off during the combustion process. ──────────────────────────── 2-57. The gases and other products of combustion produced by a fire reduces the amount of oxygen available for breathing. 1. True 2. False 2-58. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and nonirritating gas that 1. can kill people even in small concentrations 2. in very large doses can cause minor illness in small animals 3. poses no threat to humans 4. is used as a pesticide aboard ships 2-59. When fighting a fire, keep your OBA on until tests show that the oxygen content of the air is between 1. 23 to 24 percent by volume 2. 20 to 22 percent by volume 3. 18 to 19 percent by volume 4. 15 to 17 percent by volume 2-60. If CO is mixed with air in the amount of 12.5 to 74 percent by volume, an open flame or even a spark will cause 1. a simmering stew of gases 2. a violent explosion 3. the formation of carbon dioxide 4. a chemical reaction that produces carbon nitrate
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19 2-61. A person rendered unconscious by exposure to a heavy concentration of carbon monoxide in an enclosed area will probably die if left in the area for what period of time? 1 . B e t w e e n8t o9m i n u t e s 2 . B e t w e e n6t o7m i n u t e s 3 . B e t w e e n4t o5m i n u t e s 4 . B e t w e e n1t o3m i n u t e s 2-62. Carbon dioxide is not poisonous; however, unconsciousness can result if a person is exposed to an atmosphere having a CO 2 volume of 1. 4 percent or higher 2. 5 percent or higher 3. 8 percent or higher 4. 10 percent or higher 2-63. What colorless and odorless gas is a good fire-extinguishing agent and is also used to inert fuel oil tanks? 1. Bromine 2. Hydrogen sulfide 3. Carbon dioxide 4. Oxygen 2-64. What colorless gas smells like rotten eggs and is extremely poisonous and violently explosive? 1. Carbon dioxide 2. Hydrogen sulfide 3. Carbon monoxide 4. Oxygen 2-65. An unprotected person takes one breath in an atmosphere containing 1,000 to 2,000 parts per million (ppm) of hydrogen sulfide. The person will soon become 1. feverish and faint 2. irritable and uncooperative 3. unconscious and possibly die 4. sick on the stomach ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the fundamentals of fire extinguishing. ──────────────────────────── 2-66. The method used to extinguish a fire depends on the classification of the fire and the circumstances surrounding the fire. 1. True 2. False 2-67. To keep fuel away from a fire, you should immediately open supply valves in fuel oil, lube oil, and JP-5 lines. 1. True 2. False 2-68. Heat may be transferred in three ways. These include convection, radiation, and 1. oxidation 2. reduction 3. conduction 4. projection
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20 2-69. A fire that travels from one compartment to another via an airshaft is being spread by what means? 1. Radiation 2. Conduction 3. Convection 4. Projection 2-70. To extinguish a fire, you must reduce the oxygen content of air in an enclosed space to below what percentage? 1. 05 2. 08 3. 12 4. 15 IN ANSWERING QUESTIONS 2-71 THROUGH 2-74, REFER TO FIGURE 2B. A. PKP B. AFFF C. Halon 1301 D. CO 2 Figure 2B 2-71. Which extinguishing agent produces foam bubbles that form a vapor seal when they float over the surface of a flaming fuel? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 2-72 Which extinguishing agent can be used in conjunction with AFFF to put a temporary screen between heat, oxygen, and fuel? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 2-73. Which extinguishing agent is a noncorrosive gas and is also a nonconductor of electricity? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 2-74. Which extinguishing agent is an odorless gas that interrupts the chemical reaction of the fire in a manner similar to the result of using PKP? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 2-75. Do not stay in a space where Halon 1301 has been released unless you are 1. wearing an OBA 2. wearing a rubber apron 3. covered by a fire blanket 4. with at least two other people
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21 ASSIGNMENT 3 Textbook Assignment: “Portable Fire-Fighting and Dewatering Equipment" and "Fire-Fighting Systems," chapters 5 and 6. ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the basic characteristics and operation of portable fire extinguishers. ──────────────────────────── 3-1. When a portable CO 2 extinguisher is not available, a portable PKP fire extinguisher can be used to extinguish a class 1. ALPHA fire 2. BRAVO fire 3. CHARLIE fire 4. DELTA fire 3-2. Portable PKP extinguishers come in what two sizes? 1. 10 pound and 20 pound 2. 12 pound and 22 pound 3. 14 pound and 25 pound 4. 18 pound and 27 pound 3-3. Because it will cake up and form a clog, you should ensure no dry chemical remains in the hose and nozzle after using which of the following extinguishers? 1. Halon 2. CO 2 3. PKP 4. AFFF 3-4. What type of portable fire extin- guisher has a stainless steel cylinder and has a 55-65 second continuous discharge time with an initial range of 15 feet? 1. PKP 2. Halon 3. CO 2 4. AFFF 3-5. One AFFF portable fire extinguisher can vapor-seal a fuel spill of approxi- mately what size? 1. 6 feet by 6 feet 2. 5 feet by 5 feet 3. 3 feet by 3 feet 4. 4 feet by 4 feet 3-6. You should never direct the spray from an AFFF portable extinguisher directly into hot cooking oil. 1. True 2. False 3-7. For approximately 40 seconds, the 15-pound CO 2 fire extinguisher can project a spray to what distance? 1 . B e t w e e n8t o9f e e t 2 . B e t w e e n7t o8f e e t 3 . B e t w e e n6t o7f e e t 4 . B e t w e e n4t o6f e e t
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22 3-8. Before using a CO 2 fire extinguisher, you should take what precaution to avoid shock from static electricity? 1. Release pressure by opening the safety valve 2. Shake the cylinder for a few seconds 3. Ground the cylinder to the deck 4. Tap the cylinder with your fingers ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the basic characteristics and operation of portable fire extinguishers. ──────────────────────────── 3-9. What type of oxygen breathing apparatus (OBA) is used aboard most Navy ships? 1. Type A-1 2. Type A-2 3. Type A-3 4. Type A-4 3-10. The elements that activate the chemicals in the OBA quick-starting canister are the moisture and the 1. carbon in the breastplate assembly 2. citric acid in the facepiece cup 3. CO 2 from your exhaled breath 4. salt tablets in the breathing bag 3-11. When you are involved in hard work, the OBA canister will last for a maximum of how many minutes? 1. 45 2. 30 3. 15 4. 10 3-12. When you remove the cotter pin on the candle cover of an OBA canister, the candle 1. is broken in half 2. fires and the canister starts generating oxygen 3. is pushed to the front of the canister 4. is moved to the firing position 3-13. How often should you test the OBA facepiece for correct seal? 1. Monthly 2. Weekly 3. After each use 4. Before each use 3-14. To set the OBA timer, you turn the timer knob clockwise to 60 minutes and then turn it counterclockwise to 30 minutes. 1. True 2. False
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23 3-15. The chemicals in the OBA canister can cause a violent explosion if they come into contact with 1. moisture 2. soap powder 3. bleach solutions 4. petroleum-based substances 3-16. The OOD may grant overboard disposal of used OBA canisters when your ship is more than how many miles from shore? 1. 10 2. 15 3. 20 4. 25 3-17. What environmental condition is required for the storage area for all OBA equipment and canisters? 1. Hot and humid 2. Cool and dry 3. Hot and dry 4. Cool and wet 3-18. The SCBA is the replacement for the OBA. 1. True 2. False 3-19. Which of the following assemblies is NOT a component of a SCBA? 1. Air tank assembly 2. Regulator assembly 3. Canister assembly 4. Facepiece assembly 3-20. The SAR/SCBA is designed primarily to support 1. fire fighting 2. gas-free testing and inspections 3. radiological defense 4. MOPP operations 3-21. One air cylinder can support a SCBA user for what maximum length of time, in minutes? 1. 40 2. 45 3. 50 4. 55 3-22. The fire-fighter ensemble is NOT a proximity suit. It is designed to protect a fire fighter from short duration flame exposure, heat, and falling debris. 1. True 2. False ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the general characteristics of shipboard dewatering equipment. ──────────────────────────── 3-23. Eductors can remove all breathing air if activated in remote spaces where ventilation is inadequate or not installed. 1. True 2. False
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24 3-24. Before operating eductors, you must have the permission of what officer? 1. OOD 2. EEOW 3. Executive officer 4. Commanding officer IN ANSWERING QUESTIONS 3-25 THROUGH 3-29, REFER TO FIGURE 3A. A. P-100 portable emergency pump B. Portable submersible pump C. Eductors D. Portable AFFF in-line eductor Figure 3A 3-25. Which equipment draws water from the sea and pumps the water through hoses to supply the firemain and individual hoses? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 3-26. Which equipment is used to mix a concentrate used to produce a solution for combating fires, especially class BRAVO fires? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 3-27. Which equipment is designed to pump heavy oils and flammable liquids? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 3-28. Which equipment has a 1.45-gallon fuel tank that allows a maximum of 2.75 hours of operation? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 3-29. Which equipment should be connected directly to fire plugs to minimize inlet pressure reduction? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall characteristics of desmoking fans and blowers and other miscellaneous portable damage control equipment. ──────────────────────────── 3-30. What equipment provides power to the Ramfan™ through a 1 1/2-inch connection? 1. Either a portable or fixed eductor 2. Either a fixed eductor or a battery 3. Either the firemain or a P-100 pump 4. Either a battery or a P-100 portable eductor
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25 3-31. Exhausting gases through ducts can create a static electric charge. 1. True 2. False 3-32. Because the Ramfan™ produces static electricity, you must ground the ground strap before its use. 1. True 2. False 3-33. Battle lanterns are mounted in strategic locations to illuminate passageways, damage control equipment, ladders, and scuttles. 1. True 2. False 3-34. The two types of battle lanterns used on ships are identified as either relay or portable. 1. True 2. False ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the types of firemain systems and their function. ──────────────────────────── 3-35. How many basic types of firemain systems can be installed on naval ships? 1. Five 2. Two 3. Three 4. Six 3-36. What type of firemain system consists of two single fore-and-aft, cross-connected mains, installed in the same horizontal plane? 1. Single main 2. Horizontal loop 3. Vertical loop 4. Composite 3-37. What type of firemain system consists of two cross-connected single mains running fore and aft but separated both horizontally and vertically? 1. Vertical offset loop 2. Composite 3. Horizontal loop 4. Single main 3-38. The firemain system distributes water that has been pumped from the sea to fireplugs and other fire-fighting systems as required. 1. True 2. False ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the components and operation of an installed AFFF fire- fighting system. ──────────────────────────── 3-39. What other agents are used in con- junction with AFFF to fight class BRAVO fires throughout the ship? 1. Halon 2. Sand 3. PKP 4. CO
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26 3-40. AFFF is delivered through installed equipment only. 1. True 2. False 3-41. AFFF systems are installed in spaces in a ship where research revealed what type of fires most often occur? 1. DELTA 2. CHARLIE 3. BRAVO 4. ALPHA 3-42. How many types of pumps are used with the installed AFFF system? 1. One 2. Two 3. Three 4. Four 3-43. The AFFF single-speed injection pump is a permanently mounted sliding-vane type of pump. 1. True 2. False 3-44. AFFF single-speed injection pumps are available in what capacities? 1. 21, 24, and 32 gpm 2. 18, 25, and 27 gpm 3. 13, 15, and 20 gpm 4. 12, 27, and 60 gpm 3-45. The AFFF two-speed injection pump system has a positive-displacement pump rated at what pounds per square inch (psi)? 1. 100 2. 125 3. 150 4. 175 3-46. The high-speed mode of the AFFF two-speed injection pump is used when flow demand exceeds what rate? . 1. 50 gallons per minute (gpm) for hangar bay and 75 gpm for bilge sprinklers 2. 75 gpm for deck-edge sprinklers and 100 gpm for bilge sprinklers 3. 150 gpm for hangar bay and deck- edge sprinklers and 225 gpm for bilge sprinklers 4. 250 gpm for hangar bay and deck- edge sprinklers and 450 gpm for bilge sprinklers 3-47. AFFF transfer pumps have what maximum pumping capacity? 1. 300 gpm 2. 360 gpm 3. 380 gpm 4. 400 gpm 3-48. AFFF is stored in service tanks of 50- to 2,000-gallon capacity and storage/ transfer tanks of up to 1. 1,500-gallon capacity 2. 2,000-gallon capacity 3. 3,500-gallon capacity 4. 4,000-gallon capacity
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27 3-49. Which of the following types of valves are NOT associated with the AFFF system? 1. Powertrol, powercheck, and powertrol valve with test connection 2. Hytrol, hycheck, and solenoid- operated pilot valve 3. Balanced pressure proportioner (Type II), balanced pressure proportioner (Type III), and balancing valve 4. Ballast and mitral 3-50. What type of valve protects the AFFF tank from seawater contamination or dilution? 1. Powertrol 2. Powercheck 3. Hytrol 4. Balanced pressure proportioner 3-51. What type of valve is normally used as a sprinkler group control valve? 1. Hytrol 2. Powercheck 3. Powertrol with test connection 4. Balanced pressure proportioner 3-52. What type of valve controls the flow of AFFF solution to systems? 1. Hytrol 2. Powercheck 3. Powertrol with test connection 4. Balanced pressure proportioner 3-53. What type of valve allows the flow of seawater from the firemain system to be mixed with AFFF concentrate? 1. Hytrol 2. Powercheck 3. Hycheck 4. Balanced pressure proportioner 3-54. What types of valves are electrically operated pilot valves that control the activation of many AFFF fire- extinguishing systems? 1. Hytrol 2. Powercheck 3. Powertrol 4. Solenoid Operated Pilot Valve (SOPV) 3-55. Which of the following types of valves automatically proportions the correct amount of AFFF concentrate with seawater? 1. Hytrol 2. Powercheck 3. Balancing 4. Powertrol 3-56. The balanced pressure proportioner (Type II) proportions the correct amount of AFFF concentrate necessary to produce effective AFFF/water solution over a wide range of flows and pressures. 1. True 2. False
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28 3-57. What system provides a convenient and quick method for the fire party to apply AFFF/water solution or water to large areas of burning fuel? 1. Firemain system 2. AFFF sprinkler system 3. Halon system 4. APC system 3-58. What system uses the countermeasure washdown flush-deck nozzles to discharge AFFF/water solution during flight deck and helo deck fires? 1. Firemain system 2. AFFF sprinkler system 3. Halon system 4. The flush-deck system 3-59. The service tank of the AFFF system always contains enough concentrate to combat any large fire. 1. True 2. False 3-60. All AFFF generating station service tanks can be replenished once the transfer main is pressurized either by the reserve pump or the on-station pump. 1. True 2. False 3-61. AFFF testing equipment includes the hand refractometer and what other piece of equipment? 1. Spectrograph 2. Reflex condenser 3. M-8 paper 4. Quantab chloride titrator strip 3-62. What instrument gives accurate readings of total dissolved solids in aqueous solutions? 1. Spectrograph 2. Hand refractometer 3. Reflex condenser 4. Spectrometer 3-63. After taking hand refractometer readings, you can determine the percent of AFFF concentrate that is being proportioned with water by using the following formula: A x 100 = % of AFFF concentrate B 1. True 2. False 3-64. Quantab chloride titrator strips are used to measure what chemical compound in aqueous solutions? 1. Sodium hydroxide 2. Sulfuric acid 3. Sodium chloride (salt) 4. Potassium cyanide
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29 3-65. The allowable limit for chloride contamination of AFFF concentrate is 2,000 ppm, which equates to what percent contamination? 1. 10 2. 20 3. 30 4. 40 3-66. There are how many types of installed CO 2 flooding systems? 1. One 2. Two 3. Three 4. Four 3-67. You should always direct the CO 2 discharge 1. at the base of a fire 2. at the middle of a fire 3. at the top of a fire 4. above a fire 3-68. The number of valve control devices provided for a CO 2 flooding system depends upon the number of cylinders in the bank. 1. True 2. False 3-69. Aboard aircraft carriers, what type of fire extinguishing system is normally installed in the gas-powered bomb hoist storerooms? 1. Firemain system 2. AFFF sprinkler system 3. Halon 1301 system 4. Flush-deck system 3-70. Sufficient Halon is required so the concentration will remain at a minimum of 5 percent for how many minutes? 1. 45 2. 30 3. 15 4. 10 3-71. Each Halon fixed-flooding system is designed to discharge completely the Halon 1301 gas into the protected space within how many seconds? 1. 40 2. 30 3. 20 4. 10 3-72. What fire-extinguishing system provides protection for galley deep- fat and doughnut fryers and their exhaust systems? 1. APC 2. PKP 3. Halon 1301 4. Installed CO 2
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30 ASSIGNMENT 4 Textbook Assignment: "Fire-Fighting Tactics," chapter 7. Learning Objective: Recall the characteristics of different classes of fire, the stages of a fire, and the basic tactics and strategies to attack and extinguish the different classes of fires. 4-1 When there is an electrical fire and power is out throughout the ship, what type of pumps can be used to restore the firemain? 1. Portable P-100 2. Vertical submerged 3. Fixed centrifugal 4. Fixed reciprocating 4-2. Which of the following conditions can contribute to the spread of fire? 1. Inoperative ventilation ducts 2. Inoperative scupper valve 3. Set smoke boundaries 4. . Set fire boundaries 4-3. Which of the following is NOT the job of an investigator? 1. Check boundaries 2. Report smoke 3. Rove assigned area 4. Take control of fire party 4-4. A key element for effective damage control is training that enables personnel to perform a variety of fire party tasks. 1. True 2. False 4-5. What are the four classes of fire? 1. ALPHA, BRAVO, ECHO, and FOXTROT 2. ALPHA, BRAVO, CHARLIE, and OSCAR 3. ALPHA, BRAVO, DELTA, and YOKE 4. ALPHA, BRAVO, CHARLIE, and DELTA 4-6. What type of fire is present when the burning material leaves an ash? 1. ALPHA 2. BRAVO 3. ECHO 4. OSCAR 4-7. What type of fire is present when a fuel tank is burning? 1. ALPHA 2. BRAVO 3. DELTA 4. OSCAR
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31 4-8. A fire in a switchboard should be reported as what class of fire? 1. ALPHA 2. BRAVO 3. CHARLIE 4. OSCAR 4-9. What type of fire is present when a magnesium wheel from an airplane is burning? 1. ALPHA 2. BRAVO 3. CHARLIE 4. DELTA 4-10. What is the lowest temperature at which a liquid will give off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture? 1. Vapor point 2. Flashpoint 3. Ignition point 4. Reflash 4-11. Which of the following is a primary source for information about each hazardous product carried onboard as h i p ? 1. Safety bulletins 2. Material safety data sheets 3. Deckplate pamphlets 4. Product instructions 4-12. What is the best fire-fighting agent to use to extinguish a class ALPHA fire? 1. Water 2. AFFF 3. CO 2 4. PKP 4-13. What classification of fire is also known as a "combustible metal fire?" 1. ALPHA 2. BRAVO 3. CHARLIE 4. DELTA 4-14. What fire-fighting agent should you use to extinguish a class CHARLIE fire? 1. Water 2. AFFF 3. PKP 4. CO 2 4-15. What is the minimum safe distance for a person applying a water fog to an energized circuit? 1. 1 foot 2. 2 feet 3. 3 feet 4. 4 feet 4-16. Because of the certain danger of electrical shock, you should never apply a straight stream of water to a class CHARLIE fire. 1. True 2. False
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32 4-17. Which of the following reactions is defined as a chemical decomposition due to the application of heat? 1. Photosynthesis 2. Pyrolysis 3. Breakdown 4. Decay 4-18. A liquid fuel releases vapor at a higher rate than a solid fuel does. 1. True 2. False 4-19. What is the most obvious characteristic of flashover? 1. Burst of smoke 2. Sudden spreading of flame 3. Hot gassing effect 4. Large embers 4-20. What factor must occur to have a fully developed fire? 1. Large fuel source 2. All flammables have reached ignition temperature 3. All flammables have reached flashpoint 4. Large amounts of oxygen 4-21. Personnel still in the compartment when flashover occurs are not likely to survive. 1. True 2. False 4-22. Which of the following is NOT an element in the fire triangle? 1. Carbon dioxide 2. Oxygen 3. Heat 4. Fuel 4-23. What is the lowest percentage of gas that will make an ignitable mixture called? 1. Upper explosive limit 2. Middle explosive limit 3. Lower explosive limit 4. Base explosive limit 4-24. What limit is reached when a mixture is too rich to burn? 1. Above the upper explosive limit (UEL) 2. Above the middle explosive limit (MEL) 3. Above the lower explosive limit (LEL) 4. Above the base explosive limit (BEL) 4-25. What is the range between the lower and upper explosive limits of a gas called? 1. Explosive limits 2. Explosive range 3. Explosive magnitude 4. Explosive scope
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33 Learning Objective: Recall the duties and responsibilities of an attack team while responding to a fire and the use of specific fire-fighting equipment. 4-26. What person is in charge of the rapid response team during the initial stages of a fire? 1. Fire marshal 2. On-scene leader 3 Team leader 4. Investigator 4-27. During what condition does a ship have maximum capability to withstand and recover from damage? 1. Chemical attack 2. Standard underway 3. General quarters 4. Mass conflagration 4-28. What action must a person take to get into what is considered battle dress? 1. Tuck trouser legs into socks and don an anti-flash hood 2. Fully button up all worn clothing and tuck trouser legs into socks 3. Fully button up all clothing, tuck trouser legs into socks, and wear a ball cap 4. Fully button up all worn clothing, tuck trouser legs into socks, and wear an anti-flash hood and gloves 4-29. What rate is responsible for life preservers stowed in repair lockers? 1. Boatswain’s Mate 2. Damage Controlman 3. Electrician’s Mate 4. Hospital Corpsman 4-30. When manning GQ, you should have what additional equipment with you at your battle station? 1. Canteen and web belt 2. Extra uniform and hat 3. Anti-flash hood and gloves 4. MCU2-P mask and a life preserver 4-31. When at sea, during GQ Condition 1, a particular fire party may request assistance from a different repair locker if needed. In port, however, this option may not be available. 1. True 2. False 4-32. A repair party is a part of the damage control organization as specified in what publication? 1. NWP 3-10.12 2. NWP 3-20.31 3. NWP 3-30.11 4. NWP 3-40.14 4-33. The number of repair parties aboard a ship depends on the size and configuration of the ship. 1. True 2. False
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34 4-34. During a fire, every attempt must be made to account for all space personnel. Personnel reported missing should be reported to what watch station? 1. DCM 2. DCD 3. DCC 4. DCW 4-35. Circuits are available for investigators to use to make reports, and many ships have hand-held radios for damage control use. 1. True 2. False 4-36. Emergency escape breathing devices (EEBDs) are used to provide a limited amount of breathable oxygen to evacuating personnel and are not used to combat a fire. 1. True 2. False 4-37. In engineering spaces, watch standers carry what type of breathing device? 1. Emergency support breathing apparatus (ESBA) 2. Supplementary emergency egress devices (SEEDs) 3. Auxiliary escape breathing devices (AEBDs) 4. Secondary egress breathing apparatus (SEBA) 4-38. What is the service life of the Ocenco M-20.2 EEBD? 1. 25 years 2. 20 years 3. 15 years 4. 12 years 4-39. The Ocenco M-20.2 EEBD provides a maximum of how many minutes of oxygen for escape? 1. 10 2. 22 3. 32 4. 45 4-40. The compressed oxygen and mouthpiece combination allows the Ocenco M-20.2 EEBD to be donned in a smoke-filled environment. 1. True 2. False 4-41. The storage container for the trainer EEBD is blue. What color is the storage case for the actual EEBD? 1. Red 2. Purple 3. Orange 4. Green
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35 4-42. What person at the scene of the fire makes the decision to leave the lights on in the affected space? 1. Executive officer 2. DCA 3. Fire marshal 4. On-scene leader 4-43. What document lists both primary and secondary smoke boundaries? 1. Ship’s bell log 2. Ship’s information pub 3. DCC logbook 4. Ship's fire doctrine 4-44. Primary fire and smoke boundaries are set at all bulkheads immediately adjacent to a fire. A secondary set of boundaries is set at the next immediate watertight bulkhead from the scene. 1. True 2. False 4-45. What person maintains plots of all damage control information throughout the ship, and passes all pertinent information to the scene leader? 1. Damage control assistant (DCA) 2. Locker leader 3. Damage control supervisor 4. Engineer officer 4-46. Before using the NFTI, you must warm it up in accordance with the manufacturer’s technical manual. 1. True 2. False 4-47. The NFTI is a device that allows the user to see through dense smoke and light steam by sensing the difference in infrared radiation given off by objects with a temperature difference of at least how many degrees, in Fahrenheit. 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 4-48. How many LEDs does the battery- operated NFTI display when fully charged? 1. 8 2. 7 3. 6 4. 5 4-49. How many minutes should be allowed for the NFTI to warm up? 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4
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36 4-50. How many minutes should the AFFF be activated prior to re-entry? 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 4-51. When halon is effective, you should wait a minimum of how many minutes prior to re-entry of the space? 1. 10 min 2. 12 min 3. 15 min 4. 20 min 4-52. An indirect attack is used when conditions do not allow fire fighters to enter the space. 1. True 2. False Learning Objective: Recall various methods available to coordinate movements of hose teams to combat a fire effectively. 4-53. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of heat stress? 1. The skin appears ashy gray; the skin is moist and clammy 2. The pupils of the eyes are dilated 3. Abnormal vital signs 4. Heavy sweating 4-54. Once reflash is set, what person directs a second hose team to search for hangfires? 1. Investigator 2. On-scene leader 3. Team leader 4. Plugman Learning Objective: Recall the procedures used once a fire is extinguished to prepare the compartment for remanning. 4-55. The safest method of desmoking is to exhaust the compartment with portable fans or to provide positive ventilation pressure from adjacent compartments. 1. True 2. False 4-56. What activity must be completed prior to atmospheric testing when Halon has been used to extinguish a fire in a space? 1. Overhaul 2. Status reporting 3. Desmoking 4. Dewatering 4-57. What is the minimum percentage of oxygen that must be in the atmosphere once a space is clear of smoke? 1. 10% 2. 15.3% 3. 19.5% 4. 40%
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37 4-58. Combustible gases must be less than what percent of the LEL, and all toxic gases must be below their threshold limits before a space is certified safe for personnel without breathing devices? 1. Below 10% 2. Below 20% 3. Below 30% 4. Below 40% 4-59. After a class BRAVO fire, which of the following is NOT a gas you should test for when conducting a toxic gas test in the compartment? 1. Hydrocarbons 2. Carbon dioxide 3. Carbon monoxide 4. Helium 4-60. If Halon 1301 was discharged into the compartment, a test for hydrogen fluoride must also be conducted. What personnel are authorized to conduct these tests? 1. The DCA and the engineer officer 2. The gas free engineer and the gas free petty officer 3. Any damage controlman or electrician 4. Repair party leader or locker supervisor
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38 ASSIGNMENT 5 Textbook Assignment: “Battle Damage Repair,” chapter 8. ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Identify the various types of damage control equipment and material and recall the maintenance and inventory requirements for each. ──────────────────────────── 5-1. What publication has several repair locker inventory lists for different types of ships? 1. Navy Ship's Equipment List 2. Allowance Equipage List 3. NSTM 555 4. COSAL, volume 1 5-2. A typical repair locker usually contains a total of how many OBAs? 1. 25 2. 22 3. 19 4. 18 5-3. Frequent inspections of damage control equipment should be conducted following what guidelines? 1. QC 2. LCPO prepared 3. PMS 4. SIMA 5-4. What method is used to provide identification of individual tools and equipment belonging to a specified repair locker? 1. Engraved brass templates attached to the equipment 2. A strip of tape that is the color assigned to identify the repair locker 3. Ribbon tied to equipment that is the color assigned to identify the repair locker 4. A spot or striped band of paint of the color assigned to identify the repair locker 5-5. Damage control equipment does not have to be reserved for damage control purposes only. 1. True 2. False 5-6. Because all damage control kits must be inventoried after each use, you must ensure each kit has 1. the name of the repair locker printed on it 2. an inventory number assigned 3. a list of contents attached to the carrying strap 4. the name of the repair party leader on a card taped to the kit
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39 5-7. What publication provides a list of the amount of each item of damage control equipment allowed for the ship? 1. COSAL 2. COSA 3. DCAL 4. CAL ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall factors that affect underwater repairs and the procedures used for plugging and patching holes in the hull of a ship. ──────────────────────────── 5-8. Dewatering can be effective only after what two measures have been taken? 1. Openings have been identified and the size of holes has been determined 2. Pumps have been primed and damage control areas assigned 3. Flooding boundaries are determined and patching material is inspected 4. Holes or openings have been plugged and flooding boundaries are established and maintained 5-9. The one very important thing to remember about flooding is that a ship can sink just as easily from a series of small holes, as it can from one large hole. 1. True 2. False 5-10. Holes at the waterline or on the low side (if the ship is listing) have top priority for plugging. 1. True 2. False 5-11. A hole 7 feet below the waterline is only subjected to a water pressure of how many pounds per square inch? 1. 5 2. 8 3. 3 4. 4 5-12. Plugs made of softwood, such as yellow pine or fir, are effective for plugging holes of what size? 1. Up to 9 by 9 inches 2. Up to 8 by 8 inches 3. Up to 3 by 3 inches 4. Up to 6 by 3 inches 5-13. A plug should be wrapped with what type of material before being inserted into a hole in the ship? 1. Thick canvas 2. Lightweight cloth 3. Any type of paper 4. Nylon tape 5-14. Square ended plugs tend to hold better than conical plugs in holes located in plating that is one-fourth of an inch or less in thickness. 1. True 2. False
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40 5-15. If it is necessary to insert a plug from the outside of the hull, you should fit the inboard ends of the plugs with 1. screw eyes 2. bolts 3. U joints 4. nails 5-16. What type of patch is effective for use over holes that have jagged edges projecting inboard? 1. Hinged plate 2. Hook bolt 3. Nylon 4. Box 5-17. What type of patch has no vertical support and is designed for use over relatively small holes? 1. Box 2. Hinged 3. Wedge 4. Folding T 5-18. Hook bolts used to apply patches do NOT come in which of the following shapes? 1. T 2. L 3. J 4. S 5-19. Ordinary feather pillows have a tendency to ball up when they are wet and do not provide a uniform surface when used to patch holes. For this reason some ships carry special pillows made of canvas and 1. rubber 2. wood 3. oakum 4. plastic ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Identify the various types of shoring materials and the general rules that govern their use. ──────────────────────────── 5-20. What is a shore? 1. Portable beam 2. Triangular-shaped piece of steel 3. Foot-long iron rod 4. Wedge-shaped piece of wood 5-21. Shoring is often used aboard ship to strengthen weakened bulkheads and decks, to support hatches and doors, and to provide support for equipment that has broken loose. 1. True 2. False 5-22. The general rule to follow for shoring is "If in doubt, shore it." 1. True 2. False
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41 5-23. What basic piece of shoring material is a block that is triangular on the sides and rectangular on the butt end? 1. Jubilee 2. Strongback 3. Wedge 4. Shole 5-24. What basic piece of shoring material is a flat block that may be placed under the end of a shore to distribute pressure? 1. Wedge 2. Strongback 3. Jubilee 4. Shole 5-25. What basic piece of shoring material is a bar or beam of wood or metal that is used to distribute pressure or to serve as an anchor for a patch? 1. Wedge 2. Strongback 3. Jubilee 4. Shole 5-26. What types of wood are preferred for shoring material? 1. Pecan and oak 2. Balsa and hickory 3. Hemlock and walnut 4. Yellow pine and Douglas fir 5-27. The length of a shore should NEVER be more than how many times the minimum thickness of the shore? 1. 20 2. 25 3. 30 4. 35 5-28. A wedge should be how many times as long as it is thick? 1. Seven 2. Six 3. Three 4. Four 5-29. Sholes should be made of Douglas fir or yellow pine planks that are 8 to 12 inches wide and how many inches thick? 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5-30. What is the nomenclature for the two latest models of steel-metal shores? 1. Models 1-8 and 8-19 2. Models 2-3 and 7-14 3. Models 3-5 and 6-11 4. Models 4-9 and 5-16 5-31. The model 6-11 steel shore is adjustable from 6 feet, plus or minus 3 inches, to a maximum of 1. 10 feet, plus or minus 6 inches 3. 11 feet, plus or minus 3 inches 3. 12 feet, plus or minus 6 inches 4. 14 feet, plus or minus 3 inches
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42 5-32. The model 3-5 steel shore is adjustable to a maximum of 5 feet plus or minus 3 inches and can support what maximum load when fully extended? 1. 12,000 pounds 2. 14,000 pounds 3. 16,000 pounds 4. 18,000 pounds 5-33. Both the swivel joints and the threads on a screw jack should be cleaned and greased before the jack is used. 1. True 2. False 5-34. Steel wedges are for use as shoring and should not be used for prying things apart. 1. True 2. False 5-35. Steel sholes are better than wooden sholes for use under the ends of iron or metal pipe being used as a temporary stanchion. 1. True 2. False 5-36. Although steel bars, angle irons, and pipe can be used for strongbacks, their tendency to spring back and forth under variable loads must be considered. 1. True 2. False 5-37. Each repair party locker is required to have a shoring batten. 1. True 2. False 5-38. The distance measured from the center of a strongback to the deck is known as the 1. sink 2. incline 3. rise 4. corrected run 5-39. A sharp point must never be used when a shore will be required to withstand pressure. 1. True 2. False 5-40. A basic rule of shoring is to put as many points of pressure on a closure as there are dogs on the closure. 1. True 2. False 5-41. The success of any shoring job depends largely on the way in which the timbers are 1. tied 2. wedged 3. hinged 4. nailed
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43 5-42. When shoring a door that has eight dogs, you should use how many pressure points? 1. Six 2. Two 3. Eight 4. Four 5-43. The wedge for a 4- by 4-inch shore should be 4 inches wide, 2 inches thick, and how many inches long? 1. 24 2. 18 3. 16 4. 12 ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the requirements and procedures for using emergency access equipment. ──────────────────────────── 5-44. What equipment is available for use on the ship in case a space is inaccessible due to damaged doors, hatches, and scuttles? 1. PEPS and the TCU 2. PHARS and the PECU 3. PECK and PRS 4. PHRS and the PECK 5-45. What system is used for fire-fighting operations involving spreading, cutting, pulling, and piercing light plate or sheet metal? 1. PEPS 2. PECS 3. PECK 4. PHARS 5-46. The hose reel for the PHARS has how many feet of hydraulic hose attached to it? 1. 160 2. 150 3. 130 4. 100 5-47. The PECU can be used for cutting into a deck to vent a compartment due to extreme temperatures from fire that prevents normal entry. 1. True 2. False 5-48. The PECU uses expendable cutting rods that operate on the 1. oxidation principle 2. exothermic torch principle 3. kinetic heat principle 4. gas torch principle
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44 5-49. The PECU should not be used to cut piping that is pressurized, piping that contains flammable fluids, or electrical cables that are energized. 1. True 2. False 5-50. The exothermic torch produces sparks and molten slag that can burn personnel, damage equipment, or ignite combustibles on both sides of the deck or bulkhead being cut. 1. True 2. False ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall emergency pipe patching procedures. ──────────────────────────── 5-51. Small holes in some piping may be temporarily repaired if you drill the hole out, thread it, and then insert a 1. machine screw 2. nail 3. piece of cloth 4. caulking compound 5-52. Which of the following types of pipe patches is NOT normally used in emergency pipe-patching situations? 1. Temporary 2. Jubilee 3. Metalic 4. Soft 5-53. When using the jubilee pipe patch, you place a piece of rubber or gasket material over the hole that is large enough to cover and overlap the damage on all sides by at least how many inches? 1. 5 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5-54. A jubilee pipe patch can withstand a maximum of how many pounds of pressure? 1. 130 2. 120 3. 110 4. 100 5-55. A soft patch can be used on a pipe that carries what maximum pressure? 1. 100 psi 2. 120 psi 3. 150 psi 4. 190 psi ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the purpose of the casualty power system and describe the components of the system. ──────────────────────────── 5-56. The casualty power system is used to maintain a source of electrical power for the most vital machinery and equipment needed to keep the ship afloat or to get the ship out of a danger area. 1. True 2. False
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45 5-57. The casualty power system is designed to provide power during real emergencies only. It must NOT be used as a means of making temporary routine repairs. 1. True 2. False 5-58. Portable casualty power cables are equipped with metal tags that indicate the length of the cable and the 1. name of the manufacturer 2. type of insulation in the cable 3. nearest power source 4. location of the cable stowage rack 5-59. Portable signs saying DANGER— HIGH VOLTAGE must be posted at each connection and along the length of a casualty power cable at what intervals, in feet? 1. 20 2. 15 3. 12 4. 10 5-60. Sources of supply for casualty power use are provided at each ship’s 1. watch station 2. service and emergency switchboard 3. damage control locker 4. firemain 5-61. The normal supply to a power panel must be shut OFF before the casualty power cable is connected to terminals. 1. True 2. False 5-62. When connecting casualty control power cables to terminals, you should connect the power terminal faces labeled A, B, and C to what color cables, respectively? 1. Black, orange, and green 2. White, red, and blue 3. Red, yellow, and blue 4. Black, white, and red 5-63. What method is used to identify the A, B, and C casualty control terminals by touch? 1. Pieces of twine 2. O rings and heat-shrinkable tubing 3. Rectangular metal strips 4. Raised letters 5-64. When connecting a casualty power cable run, you must always connect from the load to the source of supply. 1. True 2. False
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46 ASSIGNMENT 6 Textbook Assignment: "Chemical and Biological Warfare Defense," chapter 9. ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the function and use of protective equipment designed for CBR defense. ──────────────────────────── 6-1. Biological and chemical substances for military use are primarily antipersonnel agents. 1. True 2. False 6-2. Detailed information on biological warfare (BW) and chemical warfare (CW) agents can be found in what chapter of the Naval Ships’ Technical Manual? 1. 230 2. 322 3. 470 4. 528 6-3. The MCU-2 protective mask is available in how many sizes? 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 6-4. After the protective mask has been donned and checked for correct fit, you should perform a negative pressure check. 1. True 2. False 6-5. Before donning a protective mask, you should replace unapproved eyeglasses and contact lenses with authorized combat spectacles. 1. True 2. False 6-6. To remove the mask from the mask carrier, you should always pull on the outlet valve. 1. True 2. False 6-7. If inhalation is too forceful while checking for leaks, the facepiece of the protective mask will collapse against the face. 1. True 2. False 6-8. After doffing a mask, you should clean and dry the mask according to 1. QC regulations 2. LCPO instructions 3. department SOPs 4. current PMS requirements
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47 6-9. The MCU-2/P protective mask uses a single filter canister, designated 1. C1 2. C2 3. C3 4. C4 6-10. A C2 canister is labeled a training canister how many days after being removed from packaging? 1. 15 2. 30 3. 45 4. 60 6-11. To provide identification, a stripe of what color is painted around the rim of a C2 training canister? 1. Red 2. Blue 3. Green 4. White 6-12. A C2 canister is good for a total of how many blood agent attacks? 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 6-13. The canteen used with the MCU-2/P protective mask has a M1 cap that allows the wearer to replenish fluids while wearing the mask. 1. True 2. False 6-14. The function of the chemical protective overgarment (CPO) is to protect the wearer from chemical agents in liquid form and from their associated vapor. 1. True 2. False 6-15. The CPO has a wear time in a contaminated environment of a total of how many hours? 1. 8 2. 7 3. 6 4. 4 6-16. The chemical protective ensemble (CPE) consists of the CPO, a protective mask, and a pair of boots and gloves. 1. True 2. False ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Describe the effects of the different forms of CW agents. ──────────────────────────── 6-17. Chemical agents are primarily designed to produce which of the following effects? 1. Accelerate the spread of diseases 2. Oxidation of materials 3. Corrosion of metals 4. Disorganization of the functions of the human body
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48 IN ANSWERING QUESTIONS 6-18 THROUGH 6-24, REFER TO FIGURE 6A. A. Nerve agent B. Blister agent C. Blood agent D. Choking agent E. Vomiting agent F. Tear agent Figure 6A 6-18. Which agent works by disturbing the chemical processes of the nervous system and stopping bodily functions? 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. E 6-19. Which agent affects the eyes and upper respiratory tract? 1. B 2C 3. E 4. F 6-20. Which agent can enter the body through any exposed skin? 1. A 2C 3. E 4. F 6-21. Which agent is dispersed as an aerosol and produces effects when it is inhaled? 1. A 2C 3. E 4. F 6-22. The effects of the distilled mustard form of this agent do not usually appear until 4 to 6 hours after exposure. 1. A 2B 3. C 4. D 6-23. Hydrogen cyanide (AC) is an example of which agent? 1. A 2C 3. E 4. F 6-24. The use of which agent is limited because it reacts rapidly to water to yield nontoxic hydrolysis products? 1. A 2B 3. D 4. F
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49 6-25. To prevent serious injury, you must begin decontamination of blister agents within how many minutes after exposure? 1. Between 1 and 2 2. Between 3 and 4 3. Between 5 and 6 4. Between 7 and 8 6-26. Of the following chemical agents, which one is NOT a nerve agent? 1. Tabun (GA) 2. Sarin (GB) 3. Phosgene (CG) 4. Soman (GD) 6-27. When inhaled, the liquid droplets of V agents are how many times as toxic as the older G series nerve agents? 1. Ten 2. Two 3. Three 4. Five 6-28. During winter months, the HD blister agent may produce casualties for what maximum length of time after application? 1. 45 minutes 2. 12 hours 3. 10 days 4. Several weeks 6-29. Incapacitating agents are not predictable and may change from dose to dose and person to person. 1. True 2. False 6-30. Which of the following symbols identifies an incapacitating agent that is a slow-acting aerosol? 1. AC 2B Z 3. DM 4. CG ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the function and use of equipment and materials used to detect chemical warfare (CW) agents. ──────────────────────────── 6-31. M-8 detector paper is used to detect V, G, and H agents that are in what form? 1. Gas 2. Vapor 3. Liquid 4. Aerosol 6-32. Response time for the M-8 detector paper is approximately how many seconds? 1. 10 2. 12 3. 15 4. 20
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50 6-33. The M-9 chemical detector paper is issued by the roll. The roll is 30 feet long and how many inches wide? 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 IN ANSWERING QUESTIONS 6-34 THROUGH 6-39, REFER TO THE CW DETECTORS IN FIGURE 6B. A. M8 B. M9 C. M256A1 D. M18A2 E. CWDD AN/KAS-1 F. CAPDS Figure 6B 6-34. Which detectors use sensitized paper to check for nerve agents G and V and blister agents H and L? 1. A and B 2. C and D 3. E and F 4. D and F 6-35. Which detector uses sensitized paper that turns red when any chemical agent is detected? 1. F 2. E 3. B 4. C 6-36. Which detector includes a kit that has 12 sampler detectors that are used to check for CW agents in the liquid form? 1. F 2. E 3. D 4. C 6-37. Which detector is a passive infrared imaging sensor designed for use on ships? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. E 6-38. Which detector is a local sampling detection device that has an ionization and detection system that draws air samples into a heater block? 1. E 2. F 3. D 4. C 6-39. Which detector is used for automatic continuous sampling of the outside air and warns of CW agents by activating the ship’s alarm system? 1. C 2. D 3. E 4. F
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51 6-40. Most chemical agent detection devices indicate the presence of chemical agents by 1. the production of orange smoke 2 dissolving in the chemical 3. emitting shrill sounds 4. color changes that are chemically produced. 6-41. M-8 chemical detector paper is issued in a book containing a total of how many split sheets? 1. 10 22 5 3. 35 4. 40 6-42. When conducting maintenance on the AN/KAS-1 CWDD, you should always refer to the manufacturer’s technical manual and the PMS system. 1. True 2. False 6-43. Contamination marking kits contain markers for identifying contaminated areas. What color markers are used for chemical and biological areas? 1. Yellow for chemical and blue for biological 2 Green for chemical and brown for biological 3. Purple for chemical and black for biological 4. Red for chemical and orange for biological ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the requirements for biological warfare (BW) defense. ──────────────────────────── 6-44. BW operations are the use of living agents to cause the spread of disease and possible death among humans. 1. True 2. False 6-45. Which of the following is a powerful toxin produced by bacteria? 1. Pneumonia 2 Typhoid fever 3. Diphtheria 4. Smallpox 6-46. Many viruses are so small that they can only be seen through an electron microscope. 1. True 2. False 6-47. Disease vectors are animal carriers that transfer infective agents from one host to another. 1. True 2. False 6-48. Disease vectors are divided into how many classifications? 1. 5 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4
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52 IN ANSWERING QUESTIONS 6-49 THROUGH 6-54, REFER TO FIGURE 6C. A. Bacteria B. Rickettsiae C. Viruses D. Fungi E. Protozoa Figure 6C 6-49. Which of the microorganisms are small single-cell organisms? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 6-50. Which of the microorganisms grow only within living cells? 1. A and D 2. D and E 3. B and C 4. C and D 6-51. Which of the microorganisms cause the diseases typhoid fever, meningitis, and tuberculosis? 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 6-52. Which of the microorganisms cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. E 6-53. Which of the microorganisms cause amoebic dysentery and malaria? 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. E 6-54. Which of the microorganisms is best known for its ability to spoil food and fabrics? 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. E 6-55. What classification of disease vectors transmits organisms from one host to another? 1. Active 2. Passive 3. Biological 4. Mechanical
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53 6-56. Mosquitoes that transmit malaria and yellow fever are what type of vectors? 1. Active 2. Passive 3. Biological 4. Mechanical 6-57. Which of the following members of the animal kingdom is not normally considered a pest? 1. Rat 2. Horse 3. Starling 4. Groundhog 6-58. The presence of a large number of parasites on the surface of an animal’s body is known as 1. a canker 2. a tangle 3. a gaggle 4. an infestation 6-59. Ticks and mites are examples of what military biology refer to as 1. microbes 2. protozoa 3. vectors 4. host 6-60. Microorganisms are divided into a total of how many distinct classifications? 1. Eight 2. Seven 3. Six 4. Five 6-61. Microorganisms capable of producing a disease are known as 1. pathogens 2. vectors 3. pests 4. halogens 6-62. What microorganism causes influenza? 1. Rickettsiae 2. Protozoa 3. Fungi 4. Virus 6-63. The effects of pathogens are always delayed and this period can vary from hours to weeks. 1. True 2. False ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall CW and BW countermeasures employed when a ship is at sea to include closure, washdown, and weathering. ──────────────────────────── 6-64. Which of the following actions is NOT a ship protective action taken when at sea? 1. Weathering 2. Closure 3. Heat release 4. Washdown
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54 6-65. The closure system is designed to protect the interior of the ship from the entry of 1. rain 2. vectors 3. gases 4. microbes 6-66. What system is a dry pipe sprinkler system that provides a moving screen of water over the weather surfaces of the ship? 1. Collective Protection System (CPS) 2. Firemain decon 3. Halon 1301 4. Countermeasures washdown (CMWD) 6-67. Weathering is the gradual reduction of a persistent hazard due to the effects of the environment. 1. True 2. False 6-68. Personnel working in proximity of a decontamination operation should wear protective clothing and mask until what person declares the area safe? 1. Executive officer 2. Damage control officer 3. Officer of the deck 4. Damage control assistant 6-69. What kit is used to decontaminate liquid chemical agents from exposed skin areas by physical removal, absorption, and neutralization? 1. M8 2. M9 3. M291 SDK 4. M16A1 6-70. After a chemical attack, exposed personnel must reenter the ship through what area? 1. Contamination Central Area (CCA) 2. Decontamination Central Area (DCA) 3. Contamination Control Area (CCA) 4. Decontamination Central Control Area (DCCA) 6-71. Multiple decon stations and the availability of both salt and freshwater provide for working around contaminated areas and battle- damaged areas. 1. True 2. False 6-72. What is the optimum size for CCA spaces? 1. 9’ by 9’ 2. 8’ by 7’ 3. 7’ by 7’ 4. 6’ by 8’
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55 6-73. The collective protection system (CPS) is a ventilation system that prevents CBR contamination from the interior of the ship. 1. True 2. False 6-74. Maintenance and operation of the CPS should be in compliance with the ship-specific PMS requirements. 1. True 2. False 6-75. There must be an ongoing review of the CBR defense bill because of the rapid technological changes in the CBR countermeasures program. 1. True 2. False
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56 ASSIGNMENT 7 Textbook Assignment: "Radiological Effects" and "Radiological Defense and Recovery," chapters 10 and 11. ────────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the components of an atom. ────────────────────────────── 7-1. An atom is made up of subatomic particles known as electrons, protons, and neutrons. 1. True 2. False 7-2. What number of electrons must be orbiting the nucleus of an atom for the electrical charge of the atom to remain neutral? 1. Ten 2. Twelve 3. Twenty 4. A number equal to the number of protons in the nucleus 7-3. What subatomic particle, if any, has a negative electrical charge? 1. Proton 2. Neutron 3. Electron 4. None 7-4. What subatomic particle, if any, has a positive electrical charge? 1. Electron 2. Proton 3. Neutron 4. None 7-5. What subatomic particle, if any, has no electrical charge? 1. Electron 2. Proton 3. Neutron 4. None 7-6. The process that causes the splitting of the nucleus of a heavy element that results in a gigantic explosion is known as 1. oxidation 2. ionization 3. amalgamation 4. fission ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the different types of nuclear bursts and their effects. ──────────────────────────── 7-7. Some of the effects of a nuclear burst occur in and last only microseconds, while others occur in microseconds but linger for days, months, or even years. 1. True 2. False
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57 7-8. Approximately 50 percent of the energy released from a nuclear detonation below an altitude of approximately 100,000 feet produces blast and shock, about 35 percent produces thermal radiation, and about 15 percent produces nuclear radiation. 1. True 2. False 7-9. Of the energy released from a nuclear detonation below approximately 100,000 feet, 15 percent produces nuclear radiation. About 5 percent of this radiation is known as initial nuclear radiation and the other 10 percent is known as 1. supplemental nuclear radiation 2. secondary nuclear radiation 3. tertiary nuclear radiation 4. residual nuclear radiation 7-10. What type of nuclear radiation is delivered simultaneously with the detonation of a nuclear burst and cannot be avoided by maneuvering or evasive actions? 1. Residual 2. Supplemental 3. Initial 4. Thermal 7-11. What type of nuclear radiation is emitted over a long period of time, extending to days and years? 1. Thermal 2. Initial 3. Ionized 4. Residual 7-12. The size or energy yield of nuclear weapons is rated in terms of the amount of what other explosive required to release an equal amount of energy? 1. Nitroglycerine 2. TNT 3. Gunpowder 4. C4 plastic 7-13. A 1-megaton nuclear warhead is a weapon capable of releasing an amount of energy equal to the energy released by 1 million tons of what type of explosive? 1. Nitroglycerine 2. C4 plastic 3. Gunpowder 4. TNT 7-14. Which of the following factors has a major influence on the relative effect of a nuclear burst? 1. Humidity 2. Location 3. Air temperature 4. Delivery vehicle 7-15. The five classifications of nuclear detonations include airburst, high- altitude burst, surface burst, underwater burst, and underground burst. 1. True 2. False
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58 7-16. An airburst is a burst where the fireball does not touch the surface of the earth and the detonation is below what altitude? 1. 130,000 feet 2. 120,000 feet 3. 110,000 feet 4. 100,000 feet 7-17. The important effects of high-altitude bursts are damage to weapons systems or satellites operating in the upper atmosphere or in space and interference with radar emissions and communications. 1. True 2. False 7-18. A surface burst produces initial nuclear radiation around surface zero (SZ) and residual nuclear radiation around SZ and downwind from SZ. 1. True 2. False 7-19. Transit radiation is airborne radio- active material (base surge/fallout) whereas deposit radiation is radioactive material (base surge/fallout) that settles on exposed surfaces. 1. True 2. False 7-20. For a given weapon yield, greater hull and machinery damage to a ship will be produced by shock from what type of nuclear burst? 1. Air 2. Surface 3. High altitude 4. Underwater 7-21. Water waves produced by an underwater burst should not be a major hazard to ships except in shoaling waters. 1. True 2. False 7-22. An underwater nuclear burst produces underwater shock and a water plume which then causes the formation of 1. a thunderstorm 2. an undertow 3. a base surge 4. a tornado ────────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the different types of effects resulting from nuclear bursts. ────────────────────────────── 7-23. The shock wave created by a nuclear air burst initially travels outward at a velocity that is approximately how many times the speed of sound? 1. Five 2. Six 3. Seven 4. Eight
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59 7-24. Aircraft, masts, antennas, and exposed personnel are vulnerable to what type of overpressure from a nuclear air burst? 1. Static 2. Fixed 3. Dynamic 4. Rigid 7-25. Which of the following targets are more likely to sustain severe damage from the static overpressure from a nuclear airburst? 1. Radar and radio antennas 2. Ship structures and buildings 3. Airplanes and helicopters 4. Exposed personnel 7-26. Serious injuries to personnel result when overpressure from a nuclear air burst reach what level, in pounds per square inch? 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 5 7-27. The shock wave from an underwater nuclear burst produces rapid acceleration of a ship. This action can disarrange equipment and machinery, rupture hulls, and/or injure personnel. 1. True 2. False 7-28. Four factors determine if the greater damage to a ship will be caused by the direct shock wave or from the reflected shock wave produced by an underwater nuclear burst. Which of the following is NOT one of these factors? 1. Bottom configuration and structure 2. Ocean wave formations 3. Depth of water 4. Distance from burst 7-29. The reflected shock wave produced by a nuclear airburst disperses in a nearly vertical direction. This movement is very effective in producing the vertical motions that can severely damage a ship. 1. True 2. False 7-30. Where the sea bottom is essentially flat, the strength of a reflected wave from a nuclear underwater burst will depend on the bottom structure. What type of bottom structure produces the greater wave strength? 1. Mud 2. Sand 3. Rock 4. Silt 7-31. Thermal radiation from the nuclear fireball of a 1-MT warhead lasts for how many seconds? 1 . 2t o3 2 . 4t o5 3 . 6t o7 4 . 8t o9
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60 7-32. When fog, haze, and clouds are above a nuclear burst and the target area, a significant amount of thermal radiation is reflected downward. This action increases the severity of burns received by personnel. 1. True 2. False 7-33. Which of the following particles is not one of the four basic types of nuclear radiation produced by a nuclear explosion? 1. Alpha particles 2. Beta particles 3. Gamma rays 4. Photons 7-34. What two forms of nuclear radiation have strong penetrating power and cause similar injuries to people? 1. Alpha and beta particles 2. Alpha and gamma rays 3. Gamma rays and neutrons 4. Neutron rays and beta particles 7-35. What term identifies radioactive material that has been deposited where it is not wanted and presents a hazard to personnel? 1. Alpha material 2. Radioactive contamination 3. Fission fallout 4. Fusion debris 7-36. Atmospheric ionization around a nuclear airburst above 100,000 feet can disrupt radio and radar signals for several hours. 1. True 2. False 7-37. What effect from a nuclear burst produces large currents in cables and long-lead wires that can burn out electronic and electrical equipment? 1. Ionization 2. Radioactive water 3. Thermal nuclear radiation 4. Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) 7-38. Initial nuclear radiation is that radiation emitted by the fireball and the cloud during the first minute after detonation. 1. True 2. False 7-39. What is the primary reason that fallout of any kind is a major hazard? 1. Because it emits alpha rays 2. Because it emits dangerous gases 3. Because it emits gamma rays 4. Because it causes minor burns
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61 7-40. The militarily significant fallout, often called early fallout, is usually deposited in less than how many hours in an area downwind of the detonation site? 1. 60 2. 48 3. 36 4. 24 7-41. For approximately how long after the initial burst is the base surge highly contaminated with fission products, making it a source of intense transit radiation? 1. 90 minutes 2. 60 minutes 3. 30 minutes 4. 15 minutes 7-42. What classification is given to personnel unable to man a battle station because of an injury resulting from a nuclear blast? 1. Combat casualties (CCs) 2. Combat ineffectives (CIs) 3. Battle wounded (BWs) 4. Combat excused (CEs) 7-43. Underwater shock produces injury among topside and below-deck personnel by the rapid upward movement of the deck. 1. True 2. False 7-44. Direct burns are often called flash burns because the flash of thermal radiation from the fireball produces them. 1. True 2. False ────────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the different types of RADIAC and dosimeter instruments and their design limitations. ────────────────────────────── 7-45. What types of instruments are used on ships to detect and measure radiation? 1. Radiation, detection, indication, a n dc o u n t i n g( R A D I A C ) 2. Radiation, detection, identification, and computation (RADIAC) 3. Radiation, detection, indication, and control (RADIAC) 4. Radiation, detection, indication, and computation (RADIAC) 7-46. Nuclear radiation once present cannot be detected by any of the five senses . 1. True 2. False 7-47. Detailed information on RADIAC instruments is contained in NSTM, 1. chapter 060 2. chapter 070 3. chapter 080 4. chapter 090
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62 7-48. The intensity of the radiation field and the total dose or quantity of radiation received per exposure or time interval are essential information when considering the effects of radiation on personnel. 1. True 2. False 7-49. The intensity of radiation is expressed as roentgens per hour or as rads per hour. 1. True 2. False 7-50. Radiation dosage is expressed in two values: the exposure dose measured in roentgens, and the absorbed dose that is measured in what units? 1. Newtons 2. Joules 3. Rads 4. Microns 7-51. What device provides the information necessary to calculate the approximate length of time personnel can safely remain in a radiological contaminated area? 1. RADIAC meter 2. Survey meter 3. Dosimeter 4. Radiation meter 7-52. What device measures the total radiation received by an individual? 1. RADIAC meter 2. Survey meter 3. Dosimeter 4. Radiation meter 7-53. What survey RADIAC device is capable of detecting beta and gamma radiation simultaneously when the beta shield is removed? 1. AN/PDR-65 2. AN/PDR-27 3. DT-60/PD 4. IM-9PD 7-54. The RADIAC meter for what unit is installed on the bridge with one or more auxiliary readouts located in DCC and other prime locations? 1. AN/PDR-43 survey meter 2. AN/PDR-27 survey RADIAC 3. AN/PDR-65 RADIAC set 4. IM-9PD dosimeter 7-55. The DT-60/PD is a gamma radiation dosimeter that has what usable range, in rads? 1. 10 to 600 2. 20 to 700 3. 30 to 750 4. 40 to 800
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63 7-56. The CP-95A/PD is a RADIAC computer-indicator that is used to read the amount of radiation a DT-60/PD has been exposed to. 1. True 2. False 7-57. What RADIAC instrument is primarily a health-physics device that is particularly useful in areas of low dose rates? 1. IM-45/PD 2. IM-22/PD 3. IM-143/PD 4. IM-9/PD 7-58. What dosimeter device is used by repair locker personnel that are involved with the survey, monitoring, and decontamination details during CBR evolutions? 1. IM-45/PD 2. IM-22/PD 3. IM-143/PD 4. IM-9/PD 7-59. What device is used to reset the self- reading dosimeters to zero? 1. IM-1246D/PD dosimeter charger 2. DT-2216C/PD dosimeter charger 3. CP-3326B/PD dosimeter charger 4. PP-4276A/PD dosimeter charger 7-60. Most RADIAC instruments are capable of detecting and measuring beta and gamma radiation at the same time. 1. True 2. False 7-61. RADIAC equipment aboard ship is inspected as required by the 1. NSTM, chapter 44 2. NSTM, chapter 70 3. Ships’ Maintenance and Material Management (3-M) Manual 4. Ships' RADIAC PMS Manual 7-62. Some RADIAC instruments have high voltage electronic circuits and some contain radioactive material. Each of these factors presents a potential hazard when the instruments are disassembled. 1. True 2. False ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the different types of radiological surveys. ──────────────────────────── 7-63. What type of radiological survey is performed immediately after the cessation of fallout? 1. Rapid external 2. Supplementary 3. Rapid internal 4. Detailed 7-64. What type of radiological survey is performed to obtain precise radiation levels at topside vital stations and at contaminated areas that are irradiating internal vital stations? 1. Detailed 2. Supplementary 3. Rapid internal 4. Rapid external
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64 7-65. What type of radiological survey is conducted to confirm or revise stay time calculations? 1. Rapid external 2. Supplementary 3. Rapid internal 4. Detailed 7-66. Team members must remember that accuracy is more important than speed when they are conducting what type of survey? 1. Rapid external 2. Supplementary 3. Rapid internal 4. Detailed ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the different types of radiological exposure control. ──────────────────────────── 7-67. A half-thickness is the amount of a specific protective shielding material necessary to cut down the amount of radiation to one-half of its original value. 1. True 2. False 7-68. With each additional half-thickness shield of protective material, you reduce the remaining radiation by what percentage? 1. 80 2. 70 3. 60 4. 50 7-69. Which of the following material provides the greatest amount of protective shield against radiation? 1. Wood 2. Steel 3. Earth 4. Concrete 7-70. Each ship shall designate deep shelter for each battle station in the ship's CBR defense bill. 1. True 2. False ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the requirements for personnel in execution of the decontamination process and the two types of decontamination stations. ──────────────────────────── 7-71. Much of the contamination that results from a nuclear weapon detonation can NOT be removed with soap and water or by brushing. 1. True 2. False 7-72. Detailed information about decon- tamination stations is contained in what NSTM chapter? 1. 010 2. 050 3. 070 4. 080
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65 7-73. All personnel exposed to the weather while a ship is receiving fallout from a nuclear detonation must enter the ship through a decontamination station or a contamination control area (CCA). 1. True 2. False 7-74. Decontamination stations that are not associated with a CPS are referred to as 1. emergency decon stations 2. conventional decon stations 3. supplementary decon stations 4. auxiliary decon stations 7-75. Ships that have a CPS with total protection (TP) zones have how many compartment decon stations in each zone that have access to the weather decks? 1. One 2. Two 3. Three 4. Four
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66 ASSIGNMENT 8 Textbook Assignment: "Ship Stability and Buoyancy," and " Shipboard Damage Control Training," chapters 12 and13. ───────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the basic functions of trigonometry, the terminology used for ship stability, the effects of buoyancy and gravity on ship stability, and the effects of weight shifts on ship stability. ───────────────────────────── 8-1. Detailed information on ship stability and buoyancy are contained in the Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM), chapter 079, volume 1, and chapter 096. 1. True 2. False 8-2. What trigonometric functions are used to compute data on ship stability? 1. Secant and cosecant 2. Secant and cotangent 3. Secant, cosecant, and cotangent 4. Sine, cosine, and tangent 8-3. The sine of an angle θ, abbreviated as sin θ, is the ratio expressed when the side of a right triangle adjacent to the angle θ is divided by the hypotenuse. 1. True 2. False 8-4. At 90°, what does sin θ equal? 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 8-5. The cosine is the ratio expressed by dividing the side adjacent to the angle θ by the hypotenuse. 1. True 2. False 8-6. The tangent of the angle θ is the ratio expressed by dividing the side opposite the angle θ to the hypotenuse. 1. True 2. False 8-7. Which of the following physics terms is NOT relative to ship stability? 1. Volume 2. Density 3. Center of gravity 4. Kinetic energy
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67 8-8. Which of the following formulas is NOT correct? 1. Moment of the couple = F x d 2. Weight = V x d 3. Volume of displaced seawater = 35W 4. Righting moment = W x d 2 8-9. What is the weight of 70 cubic feet of seawater, in long tons? 1. 5 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 8-10. The center of gravity is the point at which all the weights of the unit or system are considered to be con- centrated and have the same effect as that of all the component parts. 1. True 2. False 8-11. The effect of the location of a force is known by what term? 1. Inertial force 2. Force factor 3. Force multiplier 4. Moment of force 8-12. A special case of moments occurs when two equal and opposite forces not in the same line rotate a body. What term describes this system of forces? 1. Pair 2. Twin 3. Couple 4. Complex 8-13. What part of the ship is used as the axis for calculating a vertical moment? 1. Stern 2. Superstructure 3. Bow 4. Baseline or keel 8-14. The weight of a ship is generally referred to as displacement, meaning the weight of the volume of water displaced by the hull. 1. True 2. False 8-15. What is the formula for determining displacement? 1. V = 15W 2. V = 20W 3. V = 35W 4. V = 40W 8-16. The volume of the watertight portion of the ship above the waterline is known by what term? 1. Displacement 2. Reserve buoyancy 3. Trimming moment 4. F reeboard 8-17. The distance in feet from the waterline to the weather deck calculated at the midship section is known by what term? 1. Draft 2. Displacement 3. Moment of trim 4. Freeboard
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68 8-18. A moment is the product of a force tending to produce a rotation about an axis times its distance from the axis. 1. True 2. False 8-19. The initial position of the metacenter is no use in the study of stability because it provides a reference point when the ship is upright and stable. 1. True 2. False 8-20. The distance from the center of buoyancy to the metacenter when t h es h i pi so ne v e nk e e li st h e 1. metacentric moment 2. metacentric height 3. metacentric diameter 4. metacentric radius 8-21. If the metacentric height of a ship is large, the righting arms that develop, at small angles of heel, will be large. Such a ship is “stiff” and will resist roll. 1. True 2. False 8-22. A large metacentric height is normally desirable for a ship; how- ever, a smaller metacentric height is sometimes desirable for a slow, easy roll that allows for more 1. precise navigation 2. stable cargo storage 3. accurate gunfire 4. loose water space 8-23. Detailed information on the inclining experiment can be obtained from the NSTM, 1. chapter 016 2. chapter 026 3. chapter 096 4. chapter 099 ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the laws of physics and trigonometry used in deter- mining stability and buoyancy of a ship and the effects of buoyancy, gravity, and weight shifts on ship stability. ──────────────────────────── 8-24. A ship's center of buoyancy is at the geometric center of the ship's underwater hull. 1. True 2. False 8-25. The righting moment of a ship is equal to the ship's displacement times the ship's righting arm and is measured in what units of measurement? 1. Kilotons 2. Foot-tons 3. Pounds 4. Kilograms 8-26. What is the result called when a series of values for the ship's righting arm at successive angles of heel are plotted on a graph? 1. Righting arm arc 2. Stability curve 3. Seaman's curve 4. Buoyancy arc
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69 8-27. A reduction in the size of the righting arm usually results in an increase in a ship's stability. 1. True 2. False 8-28. Righting arms and righting moments are increased as a result of increased displacement. 1. True 2. False 8-29. Trim is measured by the difference between the forward draft and the after draft. 1. True 2. False 8-30. The addition of loose water to a ship alters the stability characteristics by means of three effects that must be considered separately. They are: (1) the effect of added weight, (2) the effect of free surface, and (3) the effect of free 1. trim 2. draft 3. righting arm 4. communication 8-31. For most types of ships, the curves of form may be used without correction for trim provided the trim is less than what percent of the length of the ship? 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 8-32. The MOMENT TO CHANGE TRIM 1 INCH (MTI) is used as the standard measure of resistance to 1. righting inclination 2. vertical inclination 3. longitudinal inclination 4. optimum inclination 8-33. Longitudinal stability is the tendency of a ship to resist a change in what property? 1. Buoyancy 2. Free surface 3. Displacement 4. Trim ──────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the organization and responsibilities of the damage control training team (DCTT) and the objectives of DCTT training. ──────────────────────────── 8-34. The key to a successful training program is to develop a self- sustaining training capability in each ship through the use of onboard training teams. 1. True 2. False 8-35. Which of the following activities is NOT a training team function? 1. Initiating exercises 2. Developing drill packages 3. Ensuring safety rules are adhered to during exercises 4. Providing daily briefs to the executive officer
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70 8-36. What is the total number of DCTTs that should be established aboard most ships? 1. Ten 2. Nine 3. Five 4. Four 8-37. What training team is required for LHA/LHD/LPH/MCS/LPD only? 1. Aviation Training Team (ATT) 2. Integrated Training Team (ITT) 3. Combat Systems Training Team (CSTT) 4. Engineering Casualty Control Training Team (ECTT) 8-38. Training teams must analyze problem areas or training deficiencies and initiate corrective actions to eliminate the possibility of personnel injury and damage to equipment. 1. True 2. False 8-39. A member of the DCTT does NOT normally hold which of the following positions? 1. Watch station evaluator 2. Safety observer 3. Team leader 4. Watch station supervisor 8-40. What person serves as the Chairman of the Planning Board for Training and as Team Leader of the DCTT? 1. Executive officer 2. Safety officer 3. Damage control assistant 4. Engineer officer 8-41. The duties of the DCTT coordinator include the 1. OMR process 2. RMP process 3. MOR process 4. ORM process 8-42. The team coordinator is responsible to what person for organizing all team training periods, developing training event plans, and making all preparations in support of the event execution? 1. OOD 2. Damage control assistant (DCA) 3. CIC 4. Executive officer 8-43 Trainers, evaluators, and safety observers directly observe individual and team performance of the training event and some may act as initiators. 1. True 2. False
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71 ───────────────────────────── Learning Objective: Recall the objectives and methods of damage control training. ───────────────────────────── 8-44. The goal of damage control training is to organize individual and team training to ensure shipboard readiness. 1. True 2. False 8-45. An effective training program is based on a logical continuum of training, starting with basic knowledge/actions and progressing to more complex evolutions. 1. True 2. False 8-46. An effective training program includes classroom lectures and 1. documentary movies 2. case studies 3. schedule planning 4. intensive casualty drill scenarios 8-47. Which of the following activities is NOT one of the general objectives of damage control training? 1. Developing the ability to assess repair parties in all DC exercises 2. Developing the ability to set material conditions 3. Developing the ability to repair communications gear 4. Developing the ability to recognize unsafe actions and conditions 8-48. The specific damage control training objectives for the damage control assistant includes training in directing CBR defense postures. 1. True 2. False 8-49. Which of the following is a specific objective of the damage control training provided damage control repair parties? 1. training in evaluating damage and setting priorities for repair actions 2. exercising pipe patching, shoring, dewatering and plugging teams in hands-on drills 3. providing informal material deficiency assessment 4. training in communicating vital i n f o r m a t i o nt os h i pc o n t r o l stations 8-50. The specific responsibilities of the in-port DCTT for damage control training include 1. training on setting requirements for material condition YOKE 2. training in rescue and assistance 3. training CBR teams in proper monitoring and decontamination 4. providing informal material deficiency assessment
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72 8-51. The specific responsibilities of damage control petty officers for damage control training include 1. training on setting requirements for material condition YOKE 2. training in rescue and assistance 3. training CBR teams in proper monitoring and decontamination 4. providing informal material deficiency assessment 8-52. What method of training discusses the basic parts, the functions of each part, and the operation of equipment with limiting parameters? 1. Demonstration 2. Case study 3. Lecture 4. Performance 8-53. Experience has proven that training scenarios provide a good means for training teams to conduct efficient exercises and drills, including integrated training. 1. True 2. False 8-54. Effective integrated scenario-based training exercises the ship as a complete system. 1. True 2. False 8-55. Designing and conducting scenarios that demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships between systems are the essence of integrated training. 1. True 2. False 8-56. A list of training props is presented in 1. OPNAV instructions 2. NSTM volumes 3. ATG publications 4. NAVSEA instructions 8-57. During all training evolutions the trainer must constantly monitor for safety hazards and practices and be ready to correct any discrepancies even if it means stopping training or a drill in process. 1. True 2. False 8-58. Afloat Training Groups (ATGs) provide most ships examples of 1. repair locker inspections 2. vector identification 3. damage control drills 4. ECCM procedures 8-59. Forces Afloat will comply with Navy Safety Precautions for Forces Afloat, OPNAVINST 1. 6200.19 series 2. 2500.19 series 3. 3300.19 series 4. 5100.19 series
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73 8-60. The DCTT team member has the authority to STOP assigned watch stander/repair party personnel any time safety is jeopardized. 1. True 2. False 8-61. The DCTT team member must walk a fine line between allowing mistakes to be made and preventing unsafe conditions. 1. True 2. False 8-62. In the event of an injury, the DCCT member ensures the words ACTUAL CASUALTY are used and are passed to CCS. The EOOW should pass the word over the 1MC as follows: "Actual casualty (description), freeze the drill"; followed by additional instructions, if required. 1. True 2. False 8-63. For detailed information about shipboard training and development of scenarios, you should only refer to NSTM, chapter 555. 1. True 2. False 8-64. COMNAVSURFLANT/PACINST 3502.2E (SFTM) and OPNAVINST 3120.32C (SORM) should never be used as sources for development of damage control training programs. 1. True 2. False 8-65. Self-simulation shall be used by the watch stander to prevent inadvertent activation of damage control equipment during drills. 1. True 2. False
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