Chapter 4 - Ministry Support and Accommodation
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CHAPTER 4 MINISTRY SUPPORT AND ACCOMMODATION 4.1 INTRODUCTION Ministry support is essential to meet the spiritual and physical needs of a command, its chaplains, congregations, and facilities. LEARNING OBJECTIVES When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to do the following: 1. Define worship area spaces. 2. Identify ecclesiastical gear. 3. Explain the worship requirements of the four major world religions. 4. Describe elements of Navy funeral and weddings. 4.2 USE OF CRP FACILITIES Military chapels are command facilities designated to be used for divine services. These facilities are U.S. Government property configured to provide a suitable space for public worship and to permit the free exercise of religion by naval personnel and their families. RPs must know under what circumstances and in what manner CRP spaces and facilities may be utilized. A chapel facility is made available to military chaplains, contract chaplains, and civilian clergy who conduct divine services for the command. In the absence of clergy for a particular faith group, a person designated as the command’s lay leader for that faith group may have access to the chapel and other CRP facilities for the purpose of conducting divine services. Chapels or facilities used for religious purposes are made available to military personnel and other authorized persons without charge. Although chapel facilities are available for religious activities, and these activities have first priority, a chapel or religious facility may be used by the command for secular purposes when available. The activity commander has the responsibility to implement Navy policy regulating the use of command facilities for religious services. To this end, a schedule is formulated and prepared by the command chaplain and the RP to ensure the most effective use of the chapel and other CRP facilities by all faith groups participating in the CRP. 4.3 SCHEDULING CRP ACTIVITIES RPs will assist the command chaplain in the preparation and maintenance of a master schedule for all CRP activities (see Figure 4-1). One of the most embarrassing situations which can occur within a CRP, and one which reflects adversely upon both the command and its CRP, is to have two or more groups scheduled to use the same chapel or religious facility at the same time. To prevent an incident such as this from occurring, a master schedule of all CRP activities scheduled in your CRP facilities must be maintained by an RP for the command chaplain.
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Calendar November 28 – 4 December Sunday, Nov 28 Monday, Nov 29 Tuesday, Nov 30 Wednesday, Dec 1 Sunday School for Chaplain Douglass 1000 thru 1130 Mrs. Berto contacted at 123-4567 Naval Station Religious Education Bldg. #1234 Rm. # 3 Pacific Fleet Chaplain’s Conference Pacific Fleet Chaplain’s Conference RP Anniversary Ball committee meeting 1300 CPO Club, Naval Station Bldg. #1128 RPCM Cumming is contact person Phone EXT: 9472 Note: RPCM Darnell, USN, Fleet Reserve, will be speaker Thursday, Dec 2 Friday, Dec 3 Saturday, Dec 4 Roman Catholic (RC) Confraternity of Christian Doctrine (CCD) for Chaplain Danner 1800 thru 1930 Chap. Wilson CCD Coordinator can be contacted at 123-4567 Naval Station Facility Bldg. #1234 Rm. # 3 Martin Luther King Prayer Breakfast committee meeting 0700 thru 0900 Fellowship Hall Bldg. #251 Chaplain Kloak is contact person Phone EXT: 9310 RP3 Blankenship tasked Seventh Day Adventists will use Fellowship Hall following their divine service at main chapel Open Fellowship Hall Bldg. #1234 at 1145 RP3 Stuckey is the duty RP Phone EXT: 1234
Figure 4-1 — Sample CRP master schedule. In addition to the CRP master schedule, RPs maintain scheduling worksheets which are completed by the person(s) desiring to use a CRP facility. The command chaplain must approve the worksheet before the information may be entered on the CRP master schedule. This procedure ensures that proper approval for the request has been obtained and serves to keep the entire RMT informed as to what activities are scheduled in the CRP’s facilities. The information entered on the scheduling worksheet and the master schedule must be identical. Information entered on both the master schedule and the worksheet for each religious or secular function should include: A complete description of the functions to be scheduled The date and time desired for the function (indicate to the requester if the desired date and time is unavailable and make alternate arrangements) The name and telephone number of the requester or the person responsible for the function The exact location of the scheduled function; i.e., chapel, RE facility, building number, room number, etc. Any special requirements (additional support personnel equipment, ecclesiastical items, etc.) Once this information had been submitted by the requester on a worksheet and the request has been seen and approved by the command chaplain, the function can be scheduled and the information on the worksheet can be transcribed to the master schedule. The worksheet itself should be kept for reference until after the function has been held – then it may be discarded. Responsibilities in scheduling chapel activities will include gathering all pertinent information in regard to the activities planned, briefing the requester concerning the procedures for the use of CRP facilities and equipment, scheduling the activity when instructed to do so by the command chaplain, and ensuring that the chapel and other religious facilities have been made ready for use prior to the scheduled activity. The activity commander, acting through the command chaplain, determines to
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whom and at what time or times CRP facilities will be made available. The RP will assist the command chaplain in the preparation of the chapel schedule. 4.3.1 Policies and Procedures Relating to the Use of CRP Facilities and Equipment The RP advises personnel as to the command policies and procedures in effect regarding the use of religious facilities and equipment. A good practice is to have a printed handout available for distribution which delineates the policies and procedures for requesting use of religious facilities or equipment. This handout is given to the requestor at the same time the worksheet is submitted to the command chaplain for approval. This handout may be retained by the requestor for future reference. In addition to the command’s policies and procedures, the handout should instruct the requestor concerning any applicable safety and security measures which must be taken prior to, during, and after the scheduled activity. Any violation must be reported to the command chaplain. A policy or a procedure can only be as effective as the manner in which it is followed. The command chaplain carries out the policies of the Navy and the activity commander regarding the use of religious facilities and equipment. 4.4 CRP FACILITIES ASHORE, AFLOAT, AND IN THE FIELD Divine services and religious activities are provided by Navy chaplains to naval personnel under a wide variety of conditions ashore, afloat, and in the field. This section provides basic information and guidance when assigned to support a CRP ashore, afloat, or in the field. 4.4.1 CRP Facilities Ashore Since CRP chapel facilities are among the RP’s primary workspaces ashore, be aware of the terms which are frequently used by chaplains and others in reference to these facilities. In many cases, more than one term may be applied to the same area in the facility due to the different backgrounds or faith groups of the chaplains. Learn the appropriate terminology, or jargon, used by each chaplain and each faith group in order to prevent any misunderstandings from occurring. Some of the areas seen within a CRP facility and the various terms used to describe them are discussed below: Narthex/Vestibule – The entryway of the chapel facility which is used to greet parishioners, assemble ushers, minimize distractions caused by latecomers, and distribute religious literature and ecclesiastical items Balcony/Choir loft – Used to seat choir or worshippers when the nave is filled to capacity; the organ may also be located in this area Nave – The largest area within the CRP chapel facility used to seat worshippers for divine services and other religious activities Chancel/Sanctuary – The area used by chaplain when conducting divine services and to house the altar, ark*, pulpit, and lectern
Altar – The altar is a table upon which Eucharistic elements may be consecrated by the chaplain and an area which can serve as a focal point for the worship ritual Ark – The repository (cabinet-type closet set in or against the wall) for stowing the Jewish Torah Scrolls NOTE *Refer to Preparation for Jewish Services.
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Pulpit – Used by chaplains for preaching or conducting worship services
Lectern – The lectern is a reading desk from which scripture lessons are normally read Baptistry – An area set aside as the baptistry where the ritual of baptism may be conducted Sacristy/Vestry – An ecclesiastical gear locker used to store ecclesiastical appointments, altar cloths, linens, vestments, and perishable consumables. Chaplains use this area to vest (put on their vestments). Clerical vestments and ecclesiastical items are normally kept in the sacristy’s drawers and cabinets Chapel annex/Administrative wing – The area used to house administrative offices, classrooms, and possibly a choir room Administrative offices – these are used by CRP personnel for a number of administrative purposes such as receiving visitors, typing, counting funds, etc. Each chaplain will normally have a private office for the purpose of counseling CRP classrooms – these rooms maybe used for religious education and meetings by chapel organizations, and other related activities approved by the command chaplain Choir rooms – these rooms are used to store choir robes and choral music, and may be used by the choir for vesting and brief rehearsals prior to a performance 4.4.2 CRP Facilities Afloat At sea, except for aboard the newest and largest ships in the Navy, there is no requirement for a permanent shipboard space for divine services or religious activities. A CO can, however, authorize the adoption of an available shipboard space for the chaplain’s use. This space may be used primarily for divine services or other religious and secular activities. Whenever a space shipboard is unavailable for divine services or for religious activities, the chaplain and the RP working together should attempt to locate an alternate space aboard ship which is readily accessible to the crew and suitable for the chaplain’s activities. The choice of a location aboard ship will have an influence on the number of people who attend divine services or religious activities conducted by chaplains afloat. When deciding upon a location aboard ship for these activities, the limitations imposed upon divine services and religious activities by the ship’s configuration must be considered when a permanent space is unavailable. Divine services or religious activities afloat may have to be routinely held at more than one area aboard ship in order to meet the ever-changing circumstances of work, weather, noise, or special tactical situations. 4.4.2.1 Ecclesiastical Equipment Aboard Ship Chaplains and RPs assigned to a ship or squadron of ships have the responsibility to ensure that the ecclesiastical equipment necessary to provide religious ministry to personnel of all faiths is on board. NOTE See Preparation for Jewish Divine Services Ashore for further information. NOTE The area where the pulpit is placed may be referred to by Jewish personnel and chaplains as the bimah or by Islamic personnel as the mimbar.
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Naval Ship Engineering Center, Mechanicsburg Division, makes provisions for the ecclesiastical equipment used in the ships to which RPs and chaplains are assigned. The allowance equipage list of a ship delineates the basic ecclesiastical items of equipment which are required on board. Items of ecclesiastical field equipment and their use are discussed later in this chapter. 4.4.2.2 Rigging for Divine Services Afloat Onboard ships, especially aircraft carriers, the rigging and unrigging for divine services afloat in large spaces such as the hangar bay or ship’s foc’sle are normally considered to be a part of ship’s work. A request to utilize the ship’s working party from the duty section may be necessary to accomplish the task. In this situation, prepare the vestments and appointments used by the chaplain and have the petty officer in charge (POIC) of the working party prepare the space to be used by the worshipers. In cases where the place of worship is not subject to frequent change, prepare a permanent rigging instruction with appropriate steps and diagrams. These instructions need to be specific, clear, and written in such a way that the POIC of the rigging detail can readily follow them. Indicate the location of any ecclesiastical gear or equipment the POIC will require using frame numbers when appropriate. After unrigging, instructions for proper stowage should be included as well. A church pennant may be displayed above the ensign whenever divine services are conducted after 0800 and prior to sunset on board a naval vessel. Just prior to divine service being conducted by the chaplain, the RP requests the OOD to hoist the church pennant. 4.4.3 CRP Facilities in the Field When operating with Fleet Marine Force (FMF) components or a Navy CB unit in the field, a field facility may be used if one is available. Generally, this will consist of no more than a general-purpose tent in which a field altar can be erected and the chaplain’s embarkation equipment and supplies stored. In some instances, this type of field structure may be used solely by the chaplain or it may be shared with other command elements; i.e., medical, dental personnel. In a mobile or combat situation, a more likely circumstance is one in which only the chaplain’s field combat kit is utilized. In this case, the contents of the chaplain’s kit or chaplain’s combat kit are set up for divine worship utilizing the most suitable area or space which can be found. If necessary, a jeep hood or stacked mount-out boxes may be used as a makeshift altar. In a field situation, it may be necessary to be innovative and creative in order to meet the demands of the circumstances under which you are operating. In a combat situation, the primary concern is the physical safety and security of the chaplain and the congregants when selecting a location for divine worship services. Only after this factor has been considered should the selection of a location for divine worship or religious activities be made. 4.4.3.1 Field and Shipboard Ecclesiastical Equipment Certain types of ecclesiastical equipment are designed specifically for conducting divine services afloat and in the field. This equipment has been reduced in size and weight to permit easy handling and to use a minimum amount of space. This equipment is used most frequently by chaplains who are assigned afloat or to FMF and CB units. Ecclesiastical equipment within this category may include: A portable field style aluminum altar Christian chaplain’s kit Jewish chaplain’s kit Field worship aid kit Additional supplies and equipment which may be required by the chaplain may be acquired through normal Navy and Marine Corps supply channels. Additional equipment which may be required may be placed in mount-out boxes and kept ready for embarking aboard ship(s) with FMF units. The
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necessity to anticipate, order, and receive needed ecclesiastical and administrative materials which will be required during deployment cannot be overemphasized. Material that will be needed for holy days or other periods of religious significance which will occur during deployment must be taken into account. 4.4.3.1.1 The Portable Field Altar The portable field altar (Figure 4-2) is used in conducting worship services under field/combat conditions using the Christian chaplain’s kit or the Jewish chaplain’s kit. The portable field altar is made of aluminum. Unfolded, it measures 39 x 60 x 24 inches. When folded it is 24 x 3 1/2 x 30 inches and is placed in a canvas case. A linen package, contained in a canvas pouch, is folded into the center of the altar when stored. When the altar is assembled for use, the linens are removed from the pouch. It contains one frontal (liturgically colored) which has no denominational symbolism. The frontal covers the front of the altar and is held in place by a row of snap fasteners along the back edge of the altar and two tapes which tie around the front legs. In addition to the frontal, there is an altar cloth (white) used to cover the top of the altar. The frontal is snapped on and the white linen placed over it. The altar appointments are then arranged on this surface. The altar frontal must be dry-cleaned. The altar cloth may be laundered. Erect the portable field altar in this sequence: 1. Remove the portable field altar from its carrying case. 2. Open it to its full length and lay its top down. 3. Raise the legs, one at a time, to the open position. 4. Remove the four leg extensions from the stored position. 5. Insert one leg extension in each leg. 6. Remove the frontal and altar cloths from the linen package and place them where they will remain clean; e.g., on the chaplain’s kit. 7. Turn the portable altar over into an upright position, ensuring it is placed in a secure and steady position. 8. Place the frontal on the altar so that it overhangs the front of the altar. Connect the snaps on the frontal to the fasteners on the rear of the altar. 9. Tie the two tapes attached to the frontal to the portable field altar front legs. 10. Place the altar cloth on the altar leaving an equal amount of overhang on each end of the portable field altar.
Figure 4-2 — Portable field altar.
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4.4.3.2 Christian Chaplain’s Kit Most of the liturgical appointments that you use in combat ministry are items in the chaplain’s field combat kit. The contents of these kits differ by religious faith group. The Christian chaplain’s kit (Figure 4-3) is used for Protestant divine services and Catholic mass. A standard chaplain's kit includes: Chalice assembly (includes cup, base, intinction cup, and paten) Corporal Cloth, finger towel Cross/Crucifix with base Bottle, wide mouth, plastic (2 oz.) Bottle, wide mouth, plastic (4 oz.) Bottle, plastic, press lock cap Cloth, purificator (two) Oil stock BDU stole, woodland Card, absolution and anointing Card, prayer Reconciliation stole Priest bread container Accessory case Reading light If the chaplain requires additional items not found in the standard Christian kit, there are extender supplies available. Extender supplies are ordered through the supply system. When not in use, these items are stored in a carrying case.
Figure 4-3 — Christian chaplain’s kit.
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4.4.3.3 Orthodox Christian Chaplain’s Kit Many of the items in the Orthodox chaplain’s combat kit (Figure 4-4) are also in the Christian chaplain’s combat kit. A standard Orthodox chaplain's kit includes: Carrying case (two) Case, accessory Bottle, wide mouth plastic (2 oz.) Bottle, wide mouth plastic (4 oz.) Bottle, plastic, press lock cap Chalice assembly (includes cup, base, intinction cup, and paten Crucifix, triple bar with base Oil stock Reconciliation stole Priest bread container Corporal Cloth, purificator Cloth, finger towel Pyx, stainless steel Holy water sprinkler Icon of Christ BDU stole, woodland Reading light
Figure 4-4 — Orthodox Christian chaplain’s kit.
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4.4.3.3.1 Preparing for a Roman Catholic Field Service Mass After the portable altar has been erected for Mass, the altar appointments found in the Christian chaplain’s kit are arranged in the following sequence (Figure 4-5): 1. Place the chaplain’s kit in a convenient place and open it. 2. Remove the following items from the linen package: one purificator, one corporal, one finger towel, one pall, and one amice. Set these items on the table. 3. Center the corporal to the rear edge of the altar so that the embroidered cross is toward the rear. 4. Remove the chalice from the chaplain’s kit and center it upon the corporal with the cross facing toward the rear. 5. Lay the purificator across the chalice mouth and push it down into the center of the cup. 6. Remove the paten from the chaplain’s kit and place it on top of the chalice and purificator. 7. Remove the altar bread container from the chaplain’s kit, extract one large host, and place the host upon the paten. 8. Place pall over the paten and host. 9. Drape the chalice veil over the chalice assembly. 10. Remove candleholders with candles from chaplain’s kit and place one on each front corner of the altar. 11. Remove the crucifix from the chaplain’s kit and place it at the front center of the altar with the corpus facing forward. 12. Remove the following items from the chaplain’s kit and place them on the right rear corner of the altar, as the chaplain faces the altar: two cruets (plastic bottles), ciborium, one finger towel, Sanctus bell, altar bread container, communion paten. 13. Remove the vestment set and cincture from the chaplain’s kit. 14. Remove the missal and missal stand from the chaplain’s kit and place them near the left rear corner of the altar, as the chaplain faces the altar. 15. Arrange the chaplain’s vestments and cincture. 16. Replace the linen package and move the chaplain’s kit to a location where it will not be in the way during the service.
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Figure 4-5 — Catholic altar assembly. 4.4.3.3.2 Roman Catholic Eucharistic Vestments In order to properly lay out Roman Catholic Eucharistic vestments, first consult the chaplain and ensure, at a minimum, the following items are available (Figure 4-6): One cassock One chasuble One stole One alb One field table for displaying vestments One cincture To begin, lay the chasuble on a field table or other suitable surface with the front facing down. The following guidelines may be used to distinguish the front of the chasuble from the back: The manufacturer’s label is on the inside back collar If there are snaps or zippers, they will be on the front left shoulder The back is usually larger than the front The neck is lower in the front than in the back The design is always more ornate, or decorative, on the back (often there are no designs on the front of the chasuble) Fold the upper piece of material so that the garment looks like the illustration in Figure 4-6 Place the stole directly on top of the chasuble Place the cincture on top of the stole with the cincture tassels toward the right Place the alb, front side down, on top of the cincture
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Figure 4-6 — Preparation of Catholic vestments.
4.4.3.3.3 Preparing for a Protestant Field Service After the portable field altar has been erected, arrange the altar appointments found in the Christian chaplain’s kit in the following order: 1. Place the chaplain’s kit in a convenient place and open it. 2. Remove the bible stand from the kit and place it in the center of the altar. 3. Remove the plastic linen package and lay it to one side. 4. Remove the cross from the kit and center it at the rear of the altar. NOTE The cassock, if used, will NOT be laid out.
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5. Remove the candleholders containing candles, and place them at the rear corners of the altar. 6. Remove the chaplain’s stole if it is to be used by the chaplain. 7. Extract the linen package and move the chaplain’s kit to a location where it will not be in the way during the service.
Figure 4-7 — Protestant altar assembly. 4.4.3.3.4 Protestant Vestments The following items may be required in order to lay out Protestant vestments (Figure 4-8) for divine services: One surplice One cassock One cleric’s robe One stole One field table for displaying vestments To begin: Hang the cassock on a hook so that it is convenient for the chaplain and does not drag on the floor Hang the cleric’s robe on a hook in such a fashion that it is convenient for the chaplain and not dragging on the floor Lay the surplice neatly on the field table with the back folded up so as to allow the chaplain easy access Lay the stole on the field table in such a manner as to be convenient for the chaplain
NOTE The items listed here may vary according to the preference of the individual chaplain concerned. Consult with the chaplain to determine if there is to be any changes to the basic instructions above.
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Figure 4-8 — Protestant vestments. 4.4.3.4 Jewish Chaplain’s Kit Like the Christian chaplain’s combat kit, the Jewish chaplain’s combat kit (Figure 4-9) has plastic bottles, a reading light, and a carrying case. The other items in the Jewish chaplain’s combat kit are unique to the Jewish faith. A standard Jewish chaplain's kit includes: Bottle, wide mouth, plastic (2 oz.) Bottle, wide mouth, plastic (4 oz.) Torah scroll, miniature Torah pointer (yad) BDU tallit, woodland Kiddush cup assembly (includes cup and base) Torah base with legs Eternal light assembly Chemical lights (five each) Carrying case (two each) Reading light
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Figure 4-9 — Jewish chaplain’s kit. 4.4.3.4.1 Preparing for a Jewish Field Service After the portable Lee altar has been erected, arrange the appointments found in the Jewish kit in the following manner: 1. Cover the altar w/nondenominational altar frontal. 2. Open the chaplain’s kit and remove all items except the Torah. 3. Install hangings and coverings. 4. Place kit on altar. 5. Place Kiddush cup at center of the base compartment of field kit. 6. Place candlesticks (w/candles) on either side and to the rear of Kiddush cup. 4.4.3.4.2 Jewish Vestments The following items are required to lay out Jewish vestments for divine services: One tallit (tallis) One yarmulka (yarmulke) One field table for displaying vestments The only items required by the rabbi are the tallit and yarmulkah. Place the tallit and yarmulkah on the field table convenient and easily visible to the rabbi.
4.4.3.5 Muslim Chaplain’s Kit A standard Muslim chaplain's kit (Figure 4-10) includes: Carrying case (2 each) NOTE When a Jewish chaplain conducts a service in a military chapel he will normally wear his duty uniform, his yarmulkah, and a tallit. Although the Jewish chaplain is issued a chaplain scarf (white), it is not frequently worn. Essentially, the Jewish chaplain’s dress is the same “vestments” as the Jewish personnel attending the service.
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Book of du’a Book, Holy Koran Bottle, wide mouth plastic (2 oz.) Calendar, Islamic holiday w/surah Clock/compass prayer Compass, kiblah Dates Dhikr prayer beads, black Kimar, woman’s black Kufi, man’s black Miswak Oil, prayer, sandalwood Prayer rug, woodland BDU Reading light
Figure 4-10 — Muslim chaplain’s kit. 4.4.4 Field Worship Aid Kit A field worship aid kit is used to assist chaplains in providing divine and religious services in the field. Items contained in the field worship aid kit include: A recorder A smaller and lighter field altar than the Lee altar An altar hanging set Altar linens Field worship resource books The field worship aid kit fits on the chaplain’s or RP’s web gear to allow for maximum mobility in the field under combat conditions.
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4.4.5 FMF Chaplain’s Embarkation Equipment and Supplies Some ecclesiastical items and supplies are required in addition to those which have been mentioned previously for use with the FMF under field and combat conditions. Items which are recommended are listed in Table 4-1. This is based upon the anticipated needs of a chaplain for a 30-day emergency combat period. Keep ecclesiastical items and supplies ready in a mount-out box for chaplains preparing to embark on ships with FMF units. Table 4-1 — Standard Mount-Out Material for Chaplains in FMF Units (30 days) Standard mount-out material for chaplains in FMF Units (30 days). The mount-out box will include the following: Wine, bottles, sacramental Wine, bottles, kosher Juice, packets, grape Altar breads, cans, small (300s) Altar breads, cans, large (50s) Hymnals New Testaments (20 TEV, 20 REV, 20 KJV) Bibles (4 JKV, 4 RSV, 6 Jerusalem/New American) Scriptures, Jewish Prayer books, Jewish Yarmulkah Sunday missal Rosaries Medals, cruciform Candles, votive (10 hour) Book of Mormon Koran Bulletins, memorial SOP, command, copy Command Lay Leader resource book 2 1 6 6 2 24 60 14 2 7 8 1 100 100 24 2 2 500 1 6 An explanation of the operational deployment block, procedures for its use, and combat supplies (30- day) for chaplains is provided in the following paragraphs. 4.4.5.1 Operational Deployment Block Included in each MAGTF operational deployment block are consumable and non-consumable items for chaplains of the MAGTF. The Force Service Support Group (FSSG) command chaplain makes recommendations to the group, based upon feedback from other command chaplains, as to the inventory level (types of items and quantity) of consumables and non-consumable and acts to ensure that such items are easily procured by MAGTF chaplains. 4.4.5.1.1 Procedures MAGTF chaplains will procure items from the operational deployment block in accordance with existing procedures by submitting required documentation to the command/unit supply officer. The supply officer submits proper documentation to the Deployment Support Unit (DSU) who issues the
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item(s) to the supply officer. The DSU reorders item(s) depleted from the operational deployment block from the Supported Activities Supply System (SASSY) Management Unit (SMU). 4.4.5.1.2 Combat Supplies (30 Days) All chaplains in the FMF maintain a 30-day supply of consumable and non-consumable items that are to be used only for combat. These supplies are maintained in a locked mount-out box, ready for immediate embarkation. 4.5 PREPARATION FOR DIVINE SERVICES ASHORE Preparation for divine services is an important factor for any CRP; however, this is especially true ashore where the limitations found shipboard and in the field are not present. Ashore, a wider range of facilities and ecclesiastical equipment allows chaplains to conduct divine services in a manner which is more similar to the services conducted by clergy in the civilian community. RPs must be familiar with the wider range of religious practices and procedures followed ashore. In this particular section, we will discuss the procedures for preparing a CRP facility for: A nonsectarian chapel arrangement Jewish divine service Eastern Orthodox divine service Protestant divine service Roman Catholic divine service Non-Judeo and non-Christian religious requirements and practices 4.5.1 Nonsectarian Arrangement of the Chapel Facility When divine services or religious services are not in progress, configure the chapel facility to present a non-sectarian appearance. Remove or cover all symbols, statues, or related objects which are characteristic of one particular faith group. In some cases, items which have been permanently affixed within a chapel and do not present a nonsectarian appearance may be curtained, screened, or covered. The command chaplain will provide instructions on appropriate action to take in these circumstances. Once the facility has been rigged to reflect a non-sectarian appearance, it is a good practice to make and keep diagrams or photographs of the various arrangements in the sacristy/vestry area for future reference for any RP assigned worship support functions. 4.5.2 Display of the Flag Whenever a church flag is displayed at divine services, it must be placed on the opposite side of the chapel from the American flag. If the chaplain is on a raised chancel area or platform, the American flag is placed to the chaplain’s right and the church flag to the chaplain’s left. If the chancel area is on the same level as the congregation, the American flag is placed to the left of the chaplain and the church flag to the right of the chaplain. When the chapel is not in use, and the arrangement is non- sectarian, only display the American flag. 4.6 JEWISH DIVINE SERVICES The Sabbath service is held on Friday night or Saturday morning and is the principal Jewish service. The Sabbath begins at sundown on Friday evening and lasts until sundown Saturday evening. Consult a Jewish calendar for holiday observance dates.
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4.6.1 Preparation for Services Specific preparations are required for Jewish services. 4.6.1.1 The Jewish Chancel Arrangement The items which are used for Jewish divine services ashore are essentially the same as those found in the Jewish chaplain’s field kit – only more elaborate. The chancel of a Navy chapel when rigged for Jewish worship (Figure 4-11) is similar in appearance to the chancel described in the following paragraphs and contains the following items: An ark (Aron Ha-Kodesh) and Torah scrolls (Figure 4-12) – The ark is a repository for the Jewish Torah Scrolls. It is a closet-type cabinet which is set in or against the wall of the chapel facility. Many military chapels have built-in arks; otherwise, an ark may be constructed or purchased. If the ark is a large freestanding ark, center it against the back wall of the chancel/sanctuary area. The Torah scroll is kept in the ark. The Torah scroll is a handwritten Hebrew scroll containing the first five books of the bible. The Torah scroll must be safeguarded.
Figure 4-11 — Jewish chancel arrangement.
Figure 4-12 — Jewish Torah scrolls.
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Figure 4-13 — The yad on the Torah. The Eternal Light (Ner Tamid) (Figure 4-14)–Is lit 24 hours a day when circumstances permit and is located above the ark. This light may be built into the ark; otherwise, it may hang from a bracket placed on the ark and lighted at the appropriate times. Two tablets inscribed with Hebrew letters representing the Decalogue (Ten Commandments) are located above the ark with the Ner Tamid.
Figure 4-14 — The Ner Tamid. The bimah (Figure 4-15) –The raised platform upon which the desk for reading the Torah and the ark stands. The reading table itself is referred to as the shulchan. The bimah represents the altar that once stood in the Jewish temple. Place the shulchan in the center of the raised area in front of the ark. Ensure there is sufficient space between the shulchan and the ark to allow the rabbi or the lay leader to move freely. In the event that the shulchan is unavailable, the freestanding altar, which can be found in most military chapels, may be used provided it has no symbols of other faith groups. If the altar hangings contain no sectarian symbols they NOTE In addition to being a sacred Jewish item, the replacement of a handwritten parchment Torah can cost between $10,000 and $20,000. Secure the Torah scroll when not in use. Procedures for the care and handling of the Torah scroll may vary; therefore, discus with the rabbi beforehand. A yad (Figure 4-13) (a metal pointer about nine inches long) is used by the reader of the Torah. The yad is kept in the Ark with the Torah. Often it is attached to the Torah by a chain.
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may also be used except during Rosh Hashanah (the Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (the Jewish Day of Atonement). White is used for these services.
Figure 4-15 — The Jewish bimah. Candlesticks (Figures 4-16 and 4-17)–Their arrangement, and their placement are optional and left to the discretion of the rabbi. Sometimes a menorah (a candlestick having six or seven candle branches) may be used, either singularly or in pairs. Two single candlesticks may also be used in place of the menorah. The menorah or single candlesticks maybe placed on the reading table or a smaller table to the side. The rabbi will determine the location.
Figure 4-16 — The menorah.
Figure 4-17 — Single candlesticks. Kiddush cup (Figure 4-18) –Similar to a wine chalice and is used at the conclusion of the service by the rabbi. It may be placed on the shulchan or a smaller table to one side.
Figure 4-18 — The Kiddush cup. The lectern – Position to the left of the reading table as you face the ark. Place Jewish Holy Scriptures and a pulpit edition of the Jewish prayer book on the lectern.
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4.6.2 Essential Liturgical Garments Jewish services require specific liturgical garments. Whenever a Jewish chaplain conducts divine services, he will normally wear his yarmulka (skullcap), and a tallit (prayer shawl) (Figure 4-19) – the same items which are worn by Jewish personnel attending the service. Place these items at the chapel entrance for Jewish worshipers prior to the service: Yarmulka – Small skullcap worn by Jewish men Tallit – Prayer shawl worn by men on the Jewish Sabbath, holy days, and weekday morning services
Figure 4-19 — The yarmulka and tallit. 4.7 EASTERN ORTHODOX DIVINE SERVICES There are three main Orthodox services – the Divine Liturgy, Great Vespers, and Matins. The Divine Liturgy is celebrated on Sundays and all major Orthodox feast days. It generally lasts about 1-1/2 hours, including a sermon. The Divine Liturgy is normally celebrated in the morning. Great Vespers are conducted on Saturday evenings and all evenings prior to the Divine Liturgy, which is conducted the following day. A Great Vespers service lasts approximately 30 minutes and is primarily a preparatory service, preparing the faithful for the Divine Liturgy. Matins is also a preparatory service and is performed either in conjunction with Vespers (then called a vigil service) or conducted separately on Sunday morning preceding the Divine Liturgy. Both Vespers and Matins may be celebrated on special Orthodox occasions such as Orthodox Holy Week. 4.7.1 Preparation for Services Specific preparations are required for Orthodox services. 4.7.1.1 The Eastern Orthodox Sanctuary Arrangement Whenever possible, assist the Orthodox chaplain to the degree practicable in duplicating the arrangement found in Orthodox churches for divine services in the sanctuary/chancel area of the military chapel. In doing so, bear in mind that many of the sacred items used by the Orthodox, because of their special religious significance, are not be touched or handled by the RP unless otherwise directed by the chaplain conducting the service. The Orthodox chaplain will normally arrive early at the chapel to recite special prayers (Proskomedia) prior to the Divine Liturgy. Questions concerning preparation of the sanctuary/chancel area are asked of the chaplain prior to that time. The chancel of a Navy chapel which has been rigged for Orthodox worship is as similar in appearance as practical to the Orthodox sanctuary/chancel described in the following paragraphs and contains the items described.
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4.7.1.1.1 The Iconostasis The iconostasis is a movable wall or screen placed in the sanctuary/chancel area. It is used to display icons (religious paintings which are venerated, or kissed, by the people). The icons are arranged on the iconostasis in a set pattern. The iconostasis has four doors. Two of these doors are called the deacon doors and are placed on the right- and left-hand sides of the iconostasis. Normally, one enters the sanctuary (chancel) through the right deacon’s door and leaves the sanctuary by going around to the back of the main altar and out the left deacon’s door. The two center doors, called royal doors, are used only by the clergy. The royal doors frequently have a curtain which is drawn at certain times, such as after a service. 4.7.1.1.2 Icons Icons are a distinguishing feature of the Orthodox Church. Icons are religious paintings of Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and various saints of the Orthodox Church (Figure 4-20). Icons are painted in a definite style and used in Orthodox worship—not as decorations but as venerated objects by the Orthodox faithful. When the Orthodox faithful kiss an icon, they consider themselves to be kissing the person or persons depicted by the icon. Icons are hung on the wall throughout an Orthodox Church as well as placed upon icon stands. Vigil lights (votive type) are often hung in front of the icons. A two-dimensional icon of the Crucifixion of Christ, similar to a crucifix, is sometimes placed behind the Orthodox altar in what is known as the high place. The high place is in the center of the chancel area directly behind the altar where an Orthodox bishop stands to bless the people. An icon of the patron saint of the Orthodox Church is often placed in the center or sometimes to the rear of the chapel and is venerated (kissed) by the people as they enter.
Figure 4-20 — An Orthodox sanctuary/chancel. 4.7.1.1.3 The Altar Table The main altar table is a freestanding altar (Figure 4-21). It stands in the center of the sanctuary/chancel just behind the royal doors of the iconostasis. Eucharistic gifts which are offered during the Divine Liturgy are placed on the main altar table. Ensure the Orthodox priest has sufficient room to pass completely around the altar table. The main Orthodox altar table will usually have the following items resting upon it. 4.7.1.1.4 Antimension The antimension is a piece of material, approximately 24 inches by 18 inches, bearing a representation of the figure of Christ laid out for burial. It is placed unfolded in the middle of the altar table for use during the Divine Liturgy. The antimension is normally opened only during the Divine
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Liturgy and, when not in use, it may be folded and placed beneath the Book of the Gospels on the altar table. 4.7.1.1.5 The Artophorion (Tabernacle) The Orthodox tabernacle stands at the back of the altar table, and often takes the form of a miniature church or cathedral. It is used for the reserved sacrament (Orthodox communion elements). 4.7.1.1.6 The Book of Gospels This book contains the four Gospels and is used for Gospel lessons chanted by the Orthodox priest. The Book of Gospels is shown placed to the right of the open antimension. The Book of Gospels may be placed on top of the folded antimension whenever the Divine Liturgy is not being celebrated. 4.7.1.1.7 The Blessing Cross The blessing cross is used by the Orthodox priest to bless the congregation. 4.7.1.1.8 Candlesticks Two or more candlesticks are normally placed on the altar. In addition to these candlesticks or in place of them, a seven-branched candelabrum with small lamps may be used. This may rest on the altar itself or immediately behind the altar on a stand.
Figure 4-21 — The Orthodox altar table. 4.7.1.1.9 The Table of Oblation (Prothesis) This is a small altar table inside the sanctuary/chancel which is set to the left of the main altar against the wall. Use a small portable table when a table of oblation is not available. Orthodox holy vessels and communion ware (Figure 4-22) are normally kept on this altar table. They include: Diskos – The paten The chalice, inside which a small triangular-shaped sponge is kept to collect bread crumbs during the Liturgy Asterikos (the star) – This is placed on top of the paten to protect the particles of bread when the paten is covered with a veil Aer – A large veil which covers chalice and paten simultaneously Lonche – A lance or knife for cutting the bread Communion spoon – Used when giving communion Communion cloth Two cruets – One containing wine and the other plain water
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A bread tray containing the prosphora (special leavened bread that is stamped with a wooden seal before it is baked in the oven). Particles are removed from the bread prior to the Divine Liturgy to commemorate various saints of the church as well as the living and departed members of the local congregation. The rest of the bread is cut up and distributed to everyone present at the conclusion of the Divine Liturgy Note that special handling may be required for these items. Consult with the Orthodox chaplain.
Figure 4-22 — The Orthodox Holy vessels and communion ware. 4.7.1.1.10 A Small Table A table will often be found on the right side of the sanctuary/chancel to cut the bread remaining from the Divine Liturgy. This table also stores items used in conjunction with the Divine Liturgy such as: Boxes of charcoal Boxes of incense A tray to hold the bread remaining from the Liturgy The zeon – A vessel used to hold hot water which is added to the chalice by the priest just prior to communion (Figure 4-23) A lance (knife) to cut bread Matches Candles for the altar
Figure 4-23 — The zeon vessel. 4.7.1.1.11 Candleholders Candles may be placed in the front or the rear of the chapel so that the Orthodox faithful may light a candle as they enter. 4.7.2 Essential Liturgical Garments Orthodox services require specific liturgical garments.
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4.7.2.1 Orthodox Vestments Orthodox vestments are similar to those used by Roman Catholic clergy and Protestant clergy from liturgical faith groups, but the Orthodox vestments have evolved in a somewhat different manner. Unlike other liturgical faith groups, all colors may be used. There is no strict seasonal sequence, except that the more somber colors are used for the fasts and the brighter colors are used at the great feasts. White is often worn at funeral services and on Orthodox Good Friday. At the Divine Liturgy, the following vestments may be used: 4.7.2.1.1 The Sticharion The sticharion (Figure 4-24) is the basic liturgical vestment and similar to the western alb. It is ordinarily made of silk or brocade, but not linen. Consult the Orthodox chaplain to determine the appropriate seasonal color.
Figure 4-24 — The sticharion. 4.7.2.1.2 The Epitrachelion The epitrachelion, or the priestly stole, (Figure 4-25) is the distinguishing emblem of the Orthodox priesthood. It is worn around the neck, but it is not crossed. The two strips of material hang parallel, and are attached to one another by buttons.
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Figure 4-25 — The epitrachelion. 4.7.2.1.3 The Zone The zone (Figure 4-26) is a form of belt or cincture used around the waist.
Figure 4-26 — The zone. 4.7.2.1.4 The Epimanika Epimanikas (Figure 4-27) are liturgical cuffs which are placed over the sleeves of the sticharion (cassock).
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Figure 4-27 — The epimanikas. 4.7.2.1.5 The Epigonation The epigonation (Figure 4-28) is a piece of stiff material, about 12 x 10 inches, decorated with a cross. It is worn on the right hip by a priest.
Figure 4-28 — The epigonation. 4.7.2.1.6 The Phelonion The phelonion (Figure 4-29) is a cone-shaped garment with an opening for the head. It corresponds to the western chasuble. The phelonion may be worn at baptisms, marriages, when anointing of the sick, and at funerals. The phelonion is not so specifically a Eucharistic vestment as is the western chasuble.
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Figure 4-29 — The phelonion. 4.8 PROTESTANT DIVINE SERVICES The term “Protestant” is used in this chapter to refer to Christian bodies not otherwise identified as Orthodox or Roman Catholic. Only use the term “Protestant” in the most general frame of reference. Specific terms such as “Southern Baptist, United Methodist, Presbyterian,” when applicable, are preferable and used to identify the various non-Roman Catholic/non-Orthodox Christian groups and their ministers. The National Conference on Ministry to the Armed Forces (NCMAF) and the DOD recognizes over 100 Protestant denominations in the active duty chaplain roster. The impossibility of describing specific requirements for each of these denominations is recognized; however, there are specific denominational requirements, worship needs, and tenets of faith for these groups to which the RP must be sensitive and responsive. The best procedure for the RP to follow concerning the requirements for any particular denomination is to consult the chaplain. 4.8.1 Preparation for Services Special preparations are required for Protestant services. 4.8.1.1 Protestant Chancel Arrangements To the degree practicable, prepare the chancel of the military chapel in such a way as to meet the respective requirements of the protestant chaplain. The items which may be used for Protestant divine services will most likely include the same types of items found in the Protestant field and combat kits. In some Protestant services, the pulpit (Figure 4-30) may be placed in the center of the chancel. In other Protestant services, an altar may be used as the center point for the divine service. For a Protestant service in which the altar is utilized as the focal point for worship, it may be set up similar to the chancel and altar arrangement described in the following paragraphs.
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Figure 4-30 — A pulpit. 4.8.1.1.1 The Altar When the use of an altar is required to meet the Protestant chaplain’s requirements (Figure 4-31), the following steps (as modified by the Protestant chaplain) are taken to prepare the altar: Position the proper altar hanging cloth and fair linen on the altar; then position the matching smaller cloths on the pulpit and the lectern Center the cross on the altar near the back of the altar. The “IHS” (if such appears on the cross) faces the congregation Place two candles near the back of the altar, one on each side and at equal distances from the cross. The candles may be placed on the rear corners of the altar, or if flower vases have been placed on the altar corners, place the candles between the vases and the cross
Figure 4-31 — Basic Protestant altar arrangement.
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Place the Bible stand and the open Bible on the altar in front of the cross toward the front of the altar.
Place the offering plates on each side of the bible near the front of the altar (Figure 4-32). If more than two are used, arrange them in two stacks.
Figure 4-32 — A Bible/Missal stand and offering plates. If flowers are used on the altar, place them at the rear corners of the altar on each side of the cross. If the candles are on the rear corners, place the flowers between the candles and the cross. Some chaplains prefer to use separate flower stands for the flowers. After the altar has been set up (Figure 4-33), the RP must view the altar as the worshipper will see it. Double check the altar to ensure that everything is in its proper place and that the altar appointments are properly balanced (Bible centered with cross, candlesticks equal distances from the cross, etc.). When these steps have all been completed, ask the chaplain if any adjustments to this basic altar arrangement are required or desired prior to divine services. NOTE Some chaplains may use six single candles ─ three on each side of the cross. Others may use a seven-branch candlestick or candelabrum on each side of the cross rather than single candlesticks. Most, however, use only two single candlesticks. NOTE Many times the Bible is placed on the altar to focus attention on its importance in the service, but this Bible may not actually be used. In this case the Bible may be opened to the Psalms (the middle of the Bible) to give a balanced appearance. Other chaplains may read from the altar Bible. In this case, mark the passage to be read using a bookmark.
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Figure 4-33 — A Protestant altar arrangement. 4.8.2 Essential Liturgical Garments Protestant services require specific liturgical garments. 4.8.2.1 Vestments RPs may be required to care for and arrange the vestments the chaplains use in their religious services. Some Protestant clergy use vestments exactly like or very similar to Roman Catholic vestments. In this section we will learn the proper names for Protestant vestments. The vestments protestant chaplains choose to wear vary widely. In fact, some protestant chaplains will simply wear the uniform rather than wear vestments. Many protestant denominations do not require the wear of vestments. Consult the protestant chaplain prior to preparing vestments for wear. 4.8.2.1.1 Robe (Cleric’s) The robe (Figure 4-34) is a loose, flowing, wide-sleeved robe that extends to the feet.
Figure 4-34 — Cleric’s robe. 4.8.2.1.2 Cassock The cassock (Figure 4-35) is a long, close-fitting garment (usually black) reaching to the feet and worn by chaplains in preference to the cleric’s robe.
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Figure 4-35 — Cassock. 4.8.2.1.3 Chaplain Stole The chaplain stole (Figure 4-36) is a long, decorated band worn around the neck and hanging from the shoulders. This may be worn with or without the cassock or robe.
Figure 4-36 — Stole. 4.8.2.1.4 Surplice The surplice (Figure 4-37) is a white outer vestment usually worn over the cassock and reaching to the knees. NOTE If the stole is worn it is of the color appropriate for the liturgical season.
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Figure 4-37 — Surplice. 4.8.3 Protestant Communion Services Protestant communion, a sacrament observed in many Christian churches, is a special kind of service for which RPs must learn to prepare. Protestant groups may call the service communion, the Lord’s Supper, or the Eucharist. Most Protestant chaplains will serve or offer communion once a month. Chaplains vary considerably in their requirements for preparing for the communion service. Presented here are some generally acceptable ways to set up the communion ware, but the necessity of being aware of the individual chaplain’s requirements cannot be overemphasized. It’s a good idea to have a photograph or a diagram of the particular chaplain’s communion arrangement to place in the sacristy/vestry area of the military chapel. 4.8.3.1 The Common Cup This method of communion is used by a number of Protestant denominations. Prepare the chalice as modified by the officiating Protestant chaplain (Figure 4-38). The front of the chalice veil (the design) faces the congregation. The chalice veil is liturgically colored for the season.
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Figure 4-38 — Preparation of the chalice for the common cup method of communion. 4.8.3.2 The Intinction Cup This method of communion (Figure 4-39) is used when the chaplain takes a communion wafer from the cup, dips it into the wine or juice in the chalice, and places it into the mouth of the worshipper. The intinction cup is the small metal container rounded on one side which fits into the chalice. It fits over the cup rim and is used to hold the communion wafers (bread).
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Figure 4-39 — Preparation of the chalice for the intinction cup method of communion. 4.8.3.3 The Individual Cup When a chalice is not used in a Protestant communion service (Figures 4-40 and 4-41), the individual cup set may be used. This set is composed of a round base, several metal trays each of which contains 40 small glass or plastic cups, a metal cover, and metal bread/wafer trays. The first task is to fill the small communion cups.
Great care must be taken not to spill or overfill any cups. If this happens cups will stick to the tray when the worshipper tries to remove the cup. Fill cups only two-thirds full so that spillage will not occur while the trays and cups are being handled. When the cups are all filled, stack the trays on the base and place the cover on the top tray. The next task is to place the bread or whatever the chaplain uses for bread (bread, crackers, or wafers) in the bread trays. The amount should be a little more than is expected to serve the chapel congregation. A white cloth can be used to cover the bread trays. NOTE Your chaplain may use wine exclusively, grape juice exclusively, or may serve wine in some cups and grape juice in others. When both are used, follow the chaplain’s instructions in filling the individual cups.
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Figure 4-40 — Individual cup set and bread tray as they appear when covered.
Figure 4-41 — Individual cup set and bread tray as they appear when uncovered. The altar arrangements shown in Figure 4-42 illustrate the variety of ways in which some Protestant chaplains may wish the RP to arrange the altar when using any of the communion methods previously discussed.
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Figure 4-42 — Possible altar arrangement for Protestant communion services. 4.9 ROMAN CATHOLIC DIVINE SERVICES Roman Catholic divine services, commonly referred to as Mass, may be conducted daily but will almost always be conducted on Sundays, special Roman Catholic feast days, and on Holy Days of Obligation. 4.9.1 Preparation for Services Specific preparations are required for Catholic services. 4.9.1.1 Roman Catholic Sanctuary Arrangement Most military chapels are configured in a manner which will readily accommodate Roman Catholic divine services. The items which are used to prepare for this service will most likely include the same type of items which are found in the Roman Catholic field kits and combat kits. In the Roman Catholic service, the central focus of worship for the congregation will be the priest’s actions at the altar (Figure 4-43). The arrangement of the sanctuary/chancel and the altar for Mass may be set up as described in the following paragraphs.
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Figure 4-43 — Roman Catholic sanctuary/chancel arrangement. 4.9.1.1.1 The Altar The altar is the focal point of the Roman Catholic worship service or Mass. The priest conducts most of the Mass on or near the altar which is centrally located in the sanctuary/chancel of the chapel. The altar may sometimes be referred to as the Altar of Sacrifice. The arrangement of the altar will vary according to the preference of the priest but will, in most cases; resemble the arrangement seen in Figure 4-44.
Figure 4-44 — Catholic Mass altar arrangement. 4.9.1.1.2 The Crucifix In most cases, a crucifix (a cross bearing a three-dimensional image of Christ) (Figure 4-45) will be prominently displayed in the background behind the altar, usually on or against the wall. If the crucifix cannot be placed anywhere but on the altar itself, it may be laid flat on the front center portion of the altar so as to maintain an unimpeded view of the Mass for the worshipers who are present.
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Figure 4-45 — Crucifix. 4.9.1.1.3 Candles If the candles are small, they may be placed on the front corners of the altar so as to provide an unimpeded view of the altar for the worshipers. Larger candles may be placed to the side of the altar in special mounting brackets or stands, if their use is preferred by the priest. 4.9.1.1.4 The Roman Missal The source of the modern Roman Catholic Eucharistic Liturgy is the General Instruction of the Roman Missal (Figure 4-46). The Roman Missal is divided into two parts which are referred to as the Sacramentary and the Lectionary. The Sacramentary, which is a book of prayers, is often referred to as the altar missal and is placed on the left side of the altar on a missal stand for Mass. The Lectionary is a book of readings containing epistles and gospels. Selections are read from the Lectionary from the pulpit during Mass.
Figure 4-46 — The proper Catholic altar setup. 4.9.1.1.5 The Chalice The chalice is used by the priest to mix the water and wine which become sacred elements during the Mass. Prepare the chalice (Figure 4-47) for Mass on the freestanding altar in the following manner: 1. Place the chalice on the corporal cloth. The crosses on the chalice and on the corporal cloth face the priest.
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2. Place the purificator over the chalice and press it down into the center of the cup. 3. Place the chalice paten over the rim of the chalice. 4. Place a large communion wafer upon the chalice paten. 5. Place the pall over the chalice paten. 6. Cover the entire chalice by placing the chalice veil over the pall.
Figure 4-47 — The chalice and veil sequence prior to Mass. 4.9.1.1.6 The Cruets The cruets (Figure 4-48) are containers which contain the water and wine which become sacred elements during the Mass. They may be given to the priest by the worshipers during the Mass; placed
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upon the altar prior to Mass; or placed on a credence table in the sanctuary and given to the priest by an altar server during Mass. The priest will indicate where the cruets should be placed prior to Mass.
Figure 4-48 — Cruets. 4.9.1.1.7 The Lavabo Dish and Water Container The lavabo dish and water container (Figure 4-49) are used during the Mass for a ritual ablution of the priest’s fingertips. A lavabo dish and container filled with water may be placed on the altar with a finger towel (see Eucharistic linens) or placed on a credence table near the altar. Check with the priest to determine where these items should be placed.
Figure 4-49 — Lavabo dish and water container. 4.9.2 Essential Liturgical Gear, Garments, and Objects Catholic services require specific liturgical gear, garments, and objects. 4.9.2.1 Eucharistic Linens Eucharistic linens are those linens which are used during or in conjunction with the celebration of the Mass. In order to distinguish between the several types of Eucharistic linens, these cloths are described in the following paragraphs. 4.9.2.1.1 The Corporal In appearance, the corporal (Figure 4-50) is a piece of linen cloth approximately one square foot in dimension. The corporal is folded twice, both vertically and horizontally, with the cross appearing on its lower, center piece.
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Figure 4-50 — Corporal. 4.9.2.1.2 The Purificator The purificator (Figure 4-51) is a rectangular piece of linen measuring roughly 9 inches by 18 inches.
Figure 4-51 — Purificator. 4.9.2.1.3 The Finger Towel The finger towel (Figure 4-52) is a rectangular piece of linen measuring approximately four inches by eight inches. It is folded once horizontally and once vertically and will usually have a cross on the lower edge. It is used to dry the priest’s fingers after the ritual ablution (cleansing with water) at Mass.
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Figure 4-52 — Credence table with finger towel next to lavabo. 4.9.2.2 Roman Catholic Vestments Roman Catholic vestments which may be used for Mass at a chapel ashore are four in number. The vestments are described in the following paragraphs in the order in which the chaplain would put them on when vesting for Mass. 4.9.2.2.1 The Alb The alb (Figure 4-53) is a full-length white linen garment with sleeves. (The word “alb” means “white.”)
Figure 4-53 — Alb. 4.9.2.2.2 The Cincture The cincture (Figure 4-54) is a long cord used as a belt to gather the alb at the waist.
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Figure 4-54 — Cincture. 4.9.2.2.3 The Stole The stole (Figure 4-55) is a long narrow band worn around the neck. The stole’s tie ends fall forward over the shoulders to the level between the priest’s waist and knees. The stole should be the same color as the chasuble which is worn by the chaplain.
Figure 4-55 — Stole. 4.9.2.2.4 The Chasuble The chasuble (Figure 4-56) is a large sleeveless outer garment. Its can best be described as a long rectangular decorative cloth with a hole in the center to allow it to be slipped over the chaplain’s head. The word “chasuble” means a “little house.”
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Figure 4-56 — Chasuble. 4.10 ISLAMIC DIVINE SERVICES Islam teaches that all faiths have, in essence, one common message: the existence of a Supreme Being, the one and only God, whose Sovereignty is to be acknowledged in worship and in the pledge to obey His teaching and commandments, conveyed through His messengers and prophets who were sent at various times and in many places throughout history. 4.10.1 Worship requirements The mosque or Muslim place of worship (Figure 4-57) is the most important building for Muslims. Mosque comes from the Arabic masjad, meaning a place of kneeling. It has a mihrab, or niche, which points to Mecca. There is a pulpit for the preacher and a lectern for the Koran. A mosque has at least one minaret, or tower, from which the muezzin chants the call to prayer.
Figure 4-57 — The Blue Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey. Group worship is recommended for each of the five daily prayers, but is obligatory in the case of the noon prayer on Fridays. Friday noon prayers should be held and attended in a mosque or a suitable building. All other prayers can be carried out in any other clean facility or place, as long as the worshipper is facing the east while praying.
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The mosque is usually decorated with colorful arabesques and Koranic verses written in large, beautiful Arabic letters. No statues, ritual objects, or pictures are permitted within the mosque. A court and water fountain provide for the ceremonial washing before prayer. Music and singing are not utilized within the service but the Koran may be chanted by professional chanters (Muqr’i).
Figure 4-58 — Inside a mosque 4.10.2 Preparation for Services Before a Muslim engages in worship, a pre-prayer ablution (wudu) (Figure 4-59) of the body with pure water is required. Cleanliness of the body, the clothes, and the place of prayers is required. A prayer mat or rug on which they kneel for prayers is desirable.
Figure 4-59 — A pre-prayer ablution space. 4.10.3 Islamic Leadership In general, Islam has no centralized authorities, no class of clergymen, or group of priests. The individual’s bond with God is considered to be direct with no intermediary. There are religious scholars or teachers (imams) who, in view of their academic attainment or understanding of the Koran, can answer questions and serve in leadership roles, and are regarded as authorities on theological questions. The imam or leader is the chief officer in the mosque. His main duty is to lead the people in prayer. The Prophet Mohammed led prayers in his mosque in Medina and in the mosque of the Kaaba in Mecca. The Caliphs led the people in all religious and political matters, so they were the chief Imams. On special occasions, a distinguished visitor or religious teacher may lead the public prayers. Islam does not have an organized priesthood. As a rule, any virtuous and able Muslim can lead prayers in
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the average mosque, but usually the imam, chosen for his piety and scholarship, handles the services of the mosque. 4.10.4 The Koran and Hadith The most important and fundamental religious concepts of Islam are put forth in the Sharia which means “The Path.” The formulation of the Sharia rests largely upon: The Koran (Qur’an) – The Koran (Figure 4-60) is a sacred book within Islam written originally in Arabic. To Muslims, the Koran represents the revealed word of God and is the sacred scripture of Islam The Hadith (Tradition) – The Hadith (Figure 4-61) consists of six authoritative collections of “Tradition” which record the way (Sunnah) of the Prophet (Mohammed) The Koran teaches the absolute unity and power of God, the creator of the universe. The Muslims believe that Mohammed was the last of the prophets and Jesus as the Old Testament prophets as his predecessors. They believe His word is completely expressed only in the Koran.
Figure 4-60 – The Qur’an (Koran). The Hadith (Figure 4-61), a second source, unfolds and interprets the Koranic text through the words and practices of the Prophet Mohammed.
Figure 4-61 – The Hadith.
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4.10.5 Chief Teachings The chief teachings of Islam which Muslims strictly follow are: Doctrine of God – Islam is a strict monotheistic religion. There is no other God than God (Allah) Doctrine of Angels – Angels surround the throne of God and serve as His messengers to the people. Gabriel is the chief of angels. Iblis, who is Satan or the Devil, is a fallen angel. He controls the jinn who are male and female demons Doctrine of Inspired Books – Muslims believe in the sacred books— including the Torah, the Gospel of Jesus, the Psalms, and the Koran (Qur’an). They believe the Koran is the only book which is completely without error. If contradictions exist between the Koran and other inspired books, the Koran stands as correct. Parts of the Koran resemble the Bible, the Apocrypha, and the Jewish Talmud. The Koran contains many of the same stories about the prophets that appear in the Old Testament Doctrine of Prophets – There are many persons who are considered to be prophets according to Islamic teachings. Among these are Abraham, Ishmael, Moses, Noah, John the Baptist, Jesus, and Mohammed. Mohammed is considered to be the final prophet and his proclamations complete the message of God to people Doctrine of Last Judgment – Muslims believe there will be a final judgment for all people. At that time, unbelievers will be sentenced to the burning fires of hell; believers will enter heaven. The pleasures of heaven will be given to believers according to the degree of their faith and the morality they displayed in life Respect for moral and legal codes – Muslims believes that the Islamic moral and legal codes permeate all areas of human life. Another doctrine, called Kismet (fate) is taught, but is not required of a Muslim. Kismet is the belief that all things are foreordained by Allah 4.10.6 Vestments Islam does not use liturgical vestments in the way many religions do. Instead, it has universal regulations governing dress. For example, all who enter a mosque must remove their footwear, and all individuals on a pilgrimage must wear the same habit, the hiram, and thus appear in holy places as a beggar.
4.11 BUDDHIST DIVINE SERVICES Buddhism is a religion to about 300 million people around the world. The word comes from 'budhi', 'to awaken'. It has its origins about 2,500 years ago when Siddhartha Gotama, known as the Buddha (Figure 4-62), was himself awakened (enlightened) at the age of 35.
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Figure 4-62 — A statue of Buddha. 4.11.1 Worship Requirements The Buddhist place of worship is the temple (Figure 4-63), pagoda (Figure 4-64), or dagobas (Figure 4-65). The statue of Buddha is the key symbol of Buddhism and is the central figure in most temples and pagodas. Reverence should be shown in and around this area as a sign of respect for the Buddhists and their religious beliefs.
Figure 4-63 — A Buddhist temple.
Figure 4-64 — A pagoda.
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Figure 4-65 — Dagobas. 4.11.2 Preparation for Services There are two main forms of Buddhist though, Mahayana and Theravada, as well several other forms of worship. In this section, focus will be on the basic elements of Buddhist worship. Incense may be burned before an image of Buddha and is regarded among Buddhists as an aid to meditation. Buddhist scripture may also be recited. The goal of Buddhists is nirvana, or passionless peace. They believe that nirvana can be achieved through perfect self-control, unselfishness, knowledge, and enlightenment. Gongs are used in Buddhist pagodas and homes for three basic purposes: 1. To announce the time of a service or meeting 2. To mark the different phases of a ceremony 3. To set the tempo for Buddhist chants Light from candles and lamps symbolizes Buddha’s teachings leading to enlightenment. Incense is burned as an offering in memory of Buddha and as an aid to meditation. Food, wine, and water are placed before the altars of Buddha (Figure 4-66) and symbolize that the best is first shared with Buddha. Only the essence of the food is essential for purposes of worship, and the items themselves are later used as food by the worshipers.
Figure 4-66 — A Buddhist altar. 4.11.3 Vestments The monk’s (Figure 4-67) robe (tricivara), as well as his shaven head, identifies him as a man of religion. Among Theravada Buddhists only saffron (orange) robes seem to be worn, whereas monks of other Buddhist groups wear shades of white, brown, or yellow without reference to order or status.
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Groups other than Theravada seem to prefer the color yellow for worship services and religious or civic ceremonies.
Figure 4-67 — Monks. 4.11.4 Beads A string of 108 beads (Figure 4-68), each symbolizing one of the 108 desires to be overcome prior to enlightenment, is used by devout Buddhists while meditating.
Figure 4-68 — Beads. 4.11.5 Buddhist Literature The sacred books of Buddhism is the Tripitaka (Figure 4-69), also called the “Three Baskets.” The Triptika consists of the Vinaya Pitaka (Basket of Discipline), the Sutta Pitaka (Basket of Discourses), and the Abhidhamma Pitaka (Basket of Metaphysics). Variations occur in the Buddhist Triptika, dependent upon whether Pali or Sanskrit translations are used.
Figure 4-69 — The Tripitaka.
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4.12 OTHER RELIGIOUS REQUIREMENTS (MANUALS) In addition to the faith groups which are represented by military chaplains, commanders at all levels have a responsibility to persons of other faith groups in their command whose religious requirements and practices differ from those which have been presented here. Command chaplains assist commanders in this area by making provisions for the ministries appropriate to the rights and needs of all personnel assigned to their commands. 4.12.1 Religious Requirements for Non-Judeo and Non-Christian Faith Groups The determination of the religious services, rites, and activities which may be required by naval personnel and their dependents who are adherents to non-Judeo and non-Christian faith groups is made, not by the Navy, but by the faith groups to which these persons adhere. The command chaplain will make arrangements to the extent possible for adherents of these groups to practice their faith. These arrangements may include the use of command facilities contract chaplains as well as facilities and clergy within the civilian community. 4.12.2 Support Functions of the RP In Regard to Non-Judeo and Non-Christian Faith Groups As a RP you will provide support and assistance to persons and clergy of all faiths within the DON. Providing support and assistance to non-Judeo and non-Christian faith groups is indicative of the religious pluralism and freedom within our society and requires the RP to carry out the following actions when directed by the chaplain: Gather information required by the command chaplain to adequately support the religious requirements and practices of all persons assigned to the command Schedule CRP facilities for all faith groups which are included in the CRP Prepare CRP facilities to accommodate the needs of all faith groups included in the CRP A willingness on the part of the RP to facilitate the worship of every group of the chapel community is a vital aspect of every CRP if the religious requirements and practices of these groups are to be met. 4.12.3 Information Concerning Religious Requirements and Practices Information concerning the religious requirements and practices of non-Judeo and non-Christian faith groups should be made available in the ecclesiastical reference library for reference by the command chaplains and RPs. When available, Department of the Army pamphlets, Religious Requirements and Practices, Nos. 165-13 and 165-13-1, may be used. Standard civilian reference texts and materials may also be used. Answers to the following questions may be of use to the command chaplain: What are the worship requirements for members of the religious group? Are members required to participate in group worship or can they fulfill their religious obligations by individual worship? Must worship services for the group be conducted by ordained clergy or may lay leaders conduct worship services? What equipment or supplies are required for worship services? What are the dietary laws or restrictions, if any, of this group? Are there any special religious holidays which are observed? What are they and what is their significance? Are the members expected to refrain from work on any of these days? Are the members supposed to attend worship services on these days?
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What about funeral and burial requirements? Is there a requirement for a member of the clergy or other official of the group to be present when death is imminent or sudden? Is an autopsy permitted? (This is very important for hospital commanders.) Is cremation allowed? Is it required? Are members of the group required to wear any distinctive clothing or insignia which would conflict with military regulations? What is the teaching of the group regarding serving in the military in general and bearing arms in particular? 4.13 RELIGIOUS RITES Religious rites are common to most of the faith groups represented within the military chaplaincy. In addition to divine services, RPs must also assist the chaplain with preparations for religious rites. As an RP, support duties in regard to these rites are secular in nature. Support arrangements for these rites are made through the chaplains since their requirements differ to a marked degree. Several common religious rituals to become familiar with are Christian Baptism, First Communion, and Confirmation. These rites are discussed in the following paragraphs. 4.13.1 The Christian Rite of Baptism RPs may be required to assist the chaplain in the preparation and care of the articles and appointments used during baptismal rites. Baptism may be performed by immersion, sprinkling, or pouring, depending upon the guidelines of the faith group represented by each chaplain (Figures 4- 70, 4-71, and 4-72). Baptismal rites are governed by the guidelines set forth by these faith groups, the individual preferences of each chaplain, and the preference of the candidate(s). The procedures to be used will be determined by the chaplain prior to the baptismal service. 4.13.1.1 Baptism by Pouring or Sprinkling Rigging the chapel for the baptismal service normally is carried out in the following manner: 1. Clean the baptismal font (Figure 4-70) and fill with warm water.
Figure 4-70 — Baptismal font.
2. Place a small table next to the font and drape with a white cloth. One or more of the following items may be included: NOTE Remember to remove the cover prior to the service.
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– Oils (to be provided by chaplain) – A white baptismal robe for each candidate – Cotton balls – Baptismal candle to be held for the baby by a godparent or godparent substitute and given to parents to take home following the service – Cruet or baptismal bowl used to pour water on the head – Baptismal font (place font and table where the chaplain wants to conduct the service) – Baptismal water (either in the font bowl or the cruet) – Finger towel (for drying head and hands) – Baptismal prayer books for all participants
Figure 4-71 — An Orthodox baptismal font used for infant baptism. 4.13.1.2 Baptism by Immersion Baptism by immersion may be performed in any chapel that has a baptistry or baptismal pool. Preparations for this type of service are normally carried out in the following manner: 1. Ensure that the baptistry or pool is cleaned with a disinfectant. 2. Ensure that sufficient towels are available for use by each candidate after immersion. 3. Place a Bible so that the chaplain can read from it while standing in the baptistry/pool. 4. Provide a baptismal gown (weighted alb-like garment) for each candidate. 5. Fill the baptistry or pool with warm water to the depth desired by the chaplain. 6. Empty the baptistry/pool after the service and clean thoroughly. NOTE If the candidates for baptism are required to wear baptismal robes, provide an area adequate for changing clothing. The chaplain’s vestments are a matter of denominational or personal preference.
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These procedures are for baptism in a baptistry or baptismal pool. However, if a baptistry or baptismal pool is not available, baptism by immersion may be performed in any body of water (river, lake, swimming pool, etc.) large enough to completely submerge the candidate. Preparations for this type of service will be similar to the above, but must be planned to fit each occasion.
Figure 4-72 — Baptismal pool used for immersion baptism. 4.14 CARE OF ECCLESIASTICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES 4.14.1 Care of Baptismal Fonts Baptismal fonts or pools must be clean at all times. There is a wide variety of baptismal fonts used throughout the Navy. The cleaning of these fonts is usually reduced to two separate tasks: cleaning the outer casting and cleaning the inner bowl. Castings are usually constructed of three different materials and are cleaned by the following methods: Wood – Wipe with a soft cloth, dampened with liquid furniture polish Metal – Polish with non-abrasive metal polish. Care must be taken to protect soft metal surfaces; i.e., gold or silver, from damage Marble – Use mild ammonia solution with warm water and a soft cloth The inner bowl, which inserts into the stand and holds the water, must be cleaned frequently. The bowl is dried completely after each use. To clean bowls made of precious metals, use a mild detergent and soft cloth. Rinse thoroughly and dry completely. If the bowl is made of brass or a similar metal, a nonabrasive metal polish may be used. Ensure that the bowl is rinsed and dried thoroughly. When using chemicals, ensure all safety precautions are met by utilizing the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). 4.14.2 Care of Baptismal Pools Generally speaking, baptismal pools have the same significance as fonts and require the same degree of concern in terms of cleaning and maintenance. Most baptismal pools are made of metal finishes. It is not normally essential to polish the finish of a pool. It is necessary to wash the inside of the pool with a detergent and a brush to remove any film that may accumulate. 4.14.3 Care of Ecclesiastical Equipment and Supplies Most of the equipment and supplies used by the CRP ashore and aboard ship will be stored in an ecclesiastical gear locker. Ashore, this locker is commonly referred to by many chaplains as the sacristy or vestry. In the field, RPs will be dependent upon the chaplain’s field kits and mount-out
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boxes for storage of ecclesiastical equipment and supplies. Storage areas must be clean, dry places which are easily accessible. All items kept in an ecclesiastical gear locker, field kits, or mount-out boxes are for use during worship services. Clean items used for worship prior to returning for storage. The key to storage is an orderly and logical placement of equipment and supplies. The old cliché “a place for everything and everything in its place” is a good guideline for storage of ecclesiastical items. It is recommended that a list be made giving the location of each item and that a standard label maker be used to indicate the placement of all ecclesiastical equipment charged to your care. If ecclesiastical equipment is returned to its proper place after use, the items will always be available and inventories and inspections will proceed quickly and smoothly. Ensure special handling, storage, and security for high value items and items with very special religious significance (consecrated items, etc.) remains in effect. As a result of wear and breakage, it will sometimes be necessary to procure replacement or additional ecclesiastical supplies and equipment. These areas are discussed in the following paragraphs. 4.15 CARE AND CLEANING OF ECCLESIASTICAL EQUIPMENT AND LITURGICAL APPOINTMENTS Due to their importance and their visibility in the CRP activities, CRP facilities, equipment, and appointments must receive special attention. The care of CRP equipment, appointments, and facilities are discussed in the following paragraphs. 4.15.1 Care and Cleaning of Altar Linens Altar linens are normally laundered at a commercial laundry with cost paid from the command Operating and Maintenance (O&M) funds. Care must be taken to have linens properly folded, or have them returned as flatwork (unfolded and on hangers). 4.15.2 Care and Cleaning of Eucharistic Linens Two Eucharistic linens require special cleaning: Corporal – This cloth is used to catch any pieces of the consecrated host which may drop. These pieces must be properly disposed of in the sacrarium and the cloth thoroughly rinsed before laundering Purificator – This cloth is used to wipe the thin film of wine from the chalice after the service. Because it too comes in contact with Eucharistic elements, it must be thoroughly rinsed in the sacrarium before laundering The other Eucharistic linen, the finger towel, does not require special attention. It needs only regular laundering. 4.15.3 Care and Cleaning of Vestments When the chaplain conducts a worship service or officiates at a sacrament or ordinance, he may wear vestments (clothing which reflects his role as priest or minister to the congregation). Prepare these special garments for the chaplain in the sacristy before the service. After the service, return the vestments to the sacristy closet, and check them for tears, stains, or wrinkles. The RP must ensure there are always enough clean vestments on hand for the chaplain to wear while conducting the service. Vestments are usually chapel property. The cost of dry cleaning is paid from appropriated command O&M funds, Vestments that are modified for use in field and combat situations are usually smaller, lighter in weight, washable, and made of wrinkle-resistant material. Check the label for cleaning instructions
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because the material for each kind of vestment varies with the garment manufacturer. Each vestment requires individual attention. Some, like the surplus and alb, require frequent care. 4.15.4 Removal of Wax The best method for the removal of wax from cloth items (altar frontals and antependia, vestments, etc.), is to place the item on a flat surface, place a brown paper bag, paper towel, or ink blotter over the wax, then press with a WARM iron. The iron must be kept moving to prevent scorching. (Be careful with man-made fibers since an iron that is too hot could melt some of them.) If the cloth item is cleaned by laundering, an alternate method for removal of wax may be used. Run hot water from a faucet, or pour boiling water through the spotted area of the cloth. As the wax melts, it will be washed out of the cloth by the force of the water. (Never use this method for items which must be dry cleaned.) An overflow of wax onto metal objects such as candlesticks, candle followers, etc., may be removed with tissue paper or a soft paper product while the wax is still warm. The best way to remove hard, dried wax is to run hot water over the item to melt the wax, then wipe with a paper towel or soft cloth. (DO NOT attempt to scrape the wax, or remove it with steel wool, as this will scar the finish.) The best method for removing wax from wood (altar railing, pulpit, pews, etc.) is to gently rub the area with a plastic scratch pad until the wax is removed. Again, care must be taken not to rub hard since soft woods scar easily and the finish may be damaged. The warm iron method maybe used as outlined for cloth, but exercise extreme care since light woods will show burns easily. 4.15.5 Care and Cleaning of Communion Ware Requirements concerning disposal or storage of excess communion elements and cleaning communion ware vary according to denominational requirements and chaplains’ preferences. Consult with the chaplains regarding their requirements for handling communion ware and communion elements and follow their instructions carefully. Since traditions vary among religious bodies, retain specific instructions provided by each chaplain for whom support is provided. Although Jewish personnel do not practice communion, they do use wine and a Kiddush cup in their services. Seek their instructions for the proper handling, cleaning, and storage of these items. Again, there are differences among rabbis and lay leaders and the RP must know what the rabbi or lay leader desires. Communion ware and elements will normally be stored in the sacristy. Store the individual cup set with trays stacked and the cover on to keep the cups dust-free. Keep other communion ware in a cabinet and covered with a cloth to protect them from dust. 4.15.6 Care and Cleaning of the Individual Cup Set There are several different kinds of cups which may be used with the individual cup set, such as disposable paper or plastic cups, and glass cups. Many chapels now use inexpensive disposable paper or plastic cups which makes cleaning up an easy task. Glass cups are more expensive and must be accounted for after every use. Take the trays to the sink and wash them as soon as possible so that the juice does not have time to dry in the cups. Prepare warm soapy water for cups and trays. Remove cups from trays and wash and rinse both. Special care must be used with glass cups so that they will not chip or break. A plastic dishpan in the sink or a rubber mat in the bottom of the sink will usually keep the glasses from breaking on the hard sink. Do not place too many glass cups in the sink at once. Dry the cups with a clean towel or simply permit the cups to drain dry. (Towel drying will prevent water spots.) A device is available which fastens on top of the tray and holds all the glasses in the tray to permit washing and rinsing the whole tray at once. Never attempt to wash any kind of individual communion cup in a dishwasher as this may result in broken or melted cups.
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4.15.7 Special Handling Requirements for Communion Elements Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and some liturgical Protestant faith groups believe that the communion elements (bread and wine) become the actual body and blood of Christ when consecrated during Eucharistic services and, therefore, consider these elements to be very sacred items. Be aware of this fact and know the chaplain’s requirements for handling any consecrated elements that are kept following Eucharistic services. The RP will not normally be concerned with the disposal of consecrated elements following an Orthodox Liturgy or Roman Catholic Mass. The Orthodox or Roman Catholic priest will usually arrange to dispose of any consecrated elements remaining from the Divine Liturgy or Mass. A Protestant chaplain, however, may ask the RP to dispose of or store excess consecrated communion elements. Strictly adhere to the chaplain’s instructions for disposal or storage of communion elements when this situation arises. In some cases, wine or grape juice may be poured on the ground, into the sea, or into a sacrarium (special sink) in the sacristy (ecclesiastical gear locker). In some cases, excess Protestant consecrated communion wafers may be placed in the sacristy in a safe place designated by the chaplain. 4.15.8 Care and Maintenance of Wooden Chapel Equipment To polish items of wood such as retables, altar railings, altars, pulpits, pews, etc., use only a good quality furniture polish and a clean cloth. Clean wood surfaces on which wine or grape juice has been spilled as soon as possible. If the spill is dry, first clean with a damp cloth and a commercial wood surface cleaner, and then polish. 4.15.9 Care and Maintenance of Stained Glass Windows Stained (or decorative) glass windows are very expensive and often difficult to replace. Wash these windows carefully when cleaning them. Real stained glass windows are put together with lead strips between sections. If too much pressure is applied, the glass pieces can be pushed out. A commercial window cleaning solution or ammonia and water may be used. Since some of the newer stained glass windows are not real stained glass, but have color applied to regular glass, abrasives or stiff brushes could remove the color. 4.15.10 Care and Maintenance of Metal Altar Appointments The care and maintenance of metal altar appointments is as follows: Brass appointments – If the appointments have a lacquer finish, do not use an abrasive cleaner since this will damage the lacquer finish. Clean the item with warm soapy water to remove stains, and then polish with a nonabrasive polish. If the lacquer finish has been removed by use of a harsh polishing compound, clean the item with an abrasive cleaner and polish with a soft cloth to restore a high shine Gold, gold-plated, silver, or silver-plated appointments – Use only an approved gold or silver polish made specifically for these metals. Never use harsh polishes or steel wool. Abrasives will remove the metal and scar the finish, which may necessitate the re-plating of the appointment Chrome and chrome-plated appointments – Use only a soft cloth and rub briskly, then shine with a soft dry cloth. The use of a polishing compound is not recommended After metal altar appointments have been cleaned and polished, they should be re-handled with gloves or a piece of cloth to prevent body oil from soiling the finish. Wrap altar appointments in a soft cloth when storing.
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4.16 PHYSICAL SECURITY OF CRP FACILITIES Physical security of CRP facilities is an important aspect of an RP’s job. Two factors serve to make this responsibility more difficult: the range of activities conducted at the chapel and the large numbers of people involved. To ensure that all local security requirements are met, develop a security checklist to cover both routine security checks and the security checks to be conducted after particular activities are concluded. Special attention must also be given to the security of altar accessories since they may be of special religious significance to worshipers and are difficult and costly to replace. In addition, the sacramental wine and wafers/bread used in the various religious services must be properly stored and safeguarded, not only to prevent their unauthorized use, but to also ensure that they will not be rendered unusable by careless or malicious acts. 4.17 NAVAL FUNERALS “The Navy is not just a job, but a way of life.” The significance of this statement is exemplified by the unique customs, honors, traditions, and special ceremonies which surround all naval funerals. The primary purpose of the duties performed by the RP on these occasions is to support and assist the chaplains as they conduct religious rites and ceremonies for naval personnel and their families. In addition to an understanding of the religious rites, an awareness of the significance and meaning of naval customs and traditions will enable RPs to serve more effectively in their role of support to Navy chaplains. Before naval funerals are discussed in detail, it is important to note some elements of naval customs and traditions which play an important part in these ceremonies. The significance and origin of naval customs which relate to military funerals can be traced back to the American Revolution and the formation of the Continental Navy. Some of the customs which have been passed down to the present-day Navy and, in time, will be passed on to future generations are presented in the following paragraphs. The national ensign or flag of the United States of America represents our nation. John Paul Jones is thought to have been the first military commander to fly the American flag when it was first flown aboard his vessel, the Ranger in Portsmouth, New Hampshire on July 4, 1777. Sailing for France on November 1, 1777, Jones again flew the Stars and Stripes aboard the Ranger. At the same time, Jones carried word of the Battle of Saratoga to Benjamin Franklin, who was the American emissary in Paris. Entering Quiberon Bay on February 14, 1778, Jones found the French fleet in roadstead. As the Ranger sailed in at sunset with the American colors flying, the French saluted with “nine guns” – official recognition by the Royal French Government of the new American Republic. As a result of this gesture, Britain handed France an ultimatum and the French responded by joining the new American Republic in its war of independence against the British. Following this historical event, the American flag became the primary symbol of the United States and has had a central place in both civic and military ceremonies since that time. Our national ensign is always handled with great care and dignity. The union (the stars) of the flag is considered to be its point of honor. No flag or pennant is ever placed above the ensign of the United States except during divine services conducted on board ship by chaplains. When divine services are being conducted, either the Christian or the Jewish pennant, as appropriate, may be flown above the national ensign. When displayed in the chancel area of a Navy chapel, the national ensign is to the right of the chaplain facing the congregation. When the ensign is to cover the casket of a member of the naval service, its “union” is placed at the head of the casket over the area of the deceased member’s left shoulder. During burial, the flag must not touch the ground nor be lowered into the grave. The ensign of the United States, when placed over a deceased member’s casket (Figure 4-73) acknowledges
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that the member served the nation and its naval service. Navies of other countries permit the sword, the cap, and the chapeau to be placed upon their national flag when it is draped over a casket; however, nothing is ever to be placed atop the national ensign of the United Stated. Instead items to be placed on the casket should be placed under the national ensign. Our national ensign combines blue to symbolize vigilance, justice, and perseverance; white to symbolize purity; and red to symbolize hardiness and valor. Use of the flag signifies patriotism and the spirit of the American nation.
Figure 4-73 — The correct method of displaying the flag with a casket. The sword is a symbol of authority. At a naval funeral, the deceased officer’s sword may be leaned against the casket and/or may be placed in the casket at burial. The sword of John Paul Jones, the Father of the American Navy, rests near his marble sarcophagus in the crypt of the Naval Academy chapel. The sword is NOT to be unsheathed in a naval chapel. Three volleys are fired into the air at a naval funeral as an act of respect for the deceased member and the naval uniform. Taps, the last post, is sounded as a signal that the service of the deceased member has ended and that the time for rest has begun. The reversed arms are an acknowledgement that war is a sign of human failure to maintain the peace. The reversal of rank is an acknowledgement that at death all persons are equal. This form of “the last shall be first, and the first shall be last” is carried out in the recessional and processional in the placement of the honorary pallbearers. The personal salute is a tradition that was carried over from the British Royal Navy. The salute is the first part of the movement of uncovering which was the order promulgated by Admiral the Earl of St. Vincent, which stated that all officers were to take off their hats when receiving orders. In the early American Navy, one might touch and hold a lock of hair in the absence of a cover. Today, the salute is a significant military gesture of respect within the naval service. This gesture of respect is rendered in deference to the naval uniform and to the flag. The national ensign, placed over the body of a deceased member of the naval service, is rendered a salute on the occasions listed in Naval Funerals, NAVPERS 15956B, and Navy Military Funerals, NAVPERS 15555. These elements of naval customs and traditions have been presented to add flavor and meaning to the military honors and ceremonies which are held in conjunction with the religious rites conducted by Navy chaplains. These religious rites and military ceremonies celebrate important events in the lives of Navy and Marine Corps members and their families.
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The free expression of these rites and ceremonies is an affirmation of the freedom we enjoy as Americans and, as sea service members, are sworn to protect. OPNAVINST 1730.1, Chaplains Manual, Chapter 7, Rites, Ceremonies and Special Duties outlines the duties of the chaplain in regard to the ceremonies discussed here. RPs must become thoroughly familiar with all aspects of this chapter of the Chaplains Manual. 4.17.1 State, Official, and Special Military Funerals State, official, and special military funerals are conducted in accordance with OPNAVINST 5360.1(series). When directed, Armed Forces Full Honor funerals are conducted by the DOD. All other funerals for naval personnel are conducted in accordance with Navy Military Funerals, NAVPERS 15555. There are three general types of naval funerals: Full honor Simple honor Dependent funerals 4.17.1.1 Full Honor Funeral For the full honor funeral, a color detail and a ceremonial band are provided in addition to a specified escort. The band plays prescribed musical honors and/or a hymn during each movement of the casket. The color detail, band, and escort march in the procession and the casket is borne to the grave on a horse-drawn caisson. 4.17.1.2 Simple Honor Funeral For the simple honor funeral, no color detail or band is provided and the escort does not march in the procession. The casket is borne to the grave in a hearse. Full honor and simple honor funerals differ primarily in the size of the funeral escort. The basic elements of a full and simple honor funeral are: American flag draped over the casket Honors rendered during each movement of the casket The religious service The procession to the grave The graveside committal service Honors rendered at the grave while three volleys are fired and Taps are sounded Presentation of the flag to the next of kin by a Navy representative These basic elements described above form the foundation for all military funerals, whether ceremonies are being conducted for an enlisted person or final honors are being paid at the grave of a flag or general officer. 4.17.1.3 Dependent Funeral There are no military honors in connection with this funeral and no flag is provided. Normally, the casket bearer detail departs after placing the casket at the grave.
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4.17.2 The Religious Service The religious services which are conducted as part of the military funeral ceremony may be divided into three categories: Military funeral with chapel service Military funeral without chapel service Military funeral with only a graveside service Each of the above services is described below in general terms. Specific duties of the RPs are noted as appropriate. The services may vary somewhat according to the religious beliefs of the deceased and the circumstances surrounding each funeral. 4.17.2.1 Military Funeral with Chapel Service Prior to the funeral, the RP should ensure that the chapel is clean, in the proper order, and that all necessary materials are on hand and operable. The materials required must be reviewed with the chaplain in advance to ensure that nothing has been omitted. The arrangements of the altar or any other arrangements that are required must be made well in advance of the chapel service. Before the service begins, the funeral escort is formed in line facing the chapel entrance. The band forms on the flank toward the direction of march. Normally, members of the immediate family, relatives, and friends of the deceased are seated in the chapel before the casket is processed. For Roman Catholic funerals, the body precedes the mourners into the chapel. The RP or chapel ushers must ensure that a sufficient number of front seats on the right side of the chapel facing the altar are reserved for the immediate family. The two front pews on the left are reserved for the honorary pallbearers. If body bearers are used to carry the casket into position inside the chapel, seats need to be reserved for them in the rear of the chapel. The conveyance bearing the remains to the chapel should arrive a few moments before the time set for the service. Since the casket normally is covered with the national colors, the escort is called to attention and the escort commander salutes as the conveyance arrives. When all is in readiness to move the casket into the chapel, the escort commander brings the escort to “Present, ARMS.” At this command, the band renders honors. If a full honor ceremony is being accorded, this is followed by a hymn. At the first note of the hymn, the casket is removed from the conveyance by the body bearers and carried into the chapel. As soon as the casket enters the chapel, the band ceases to play. The escort is then brought to order and given “At Ease.” When honorary pallbearers are present, they are formed in two ranks, facing each other, thus forming an aisle from the conveyance to the entrance to the chapel. At the first note of the music, and while the casket is being carried between them, the honorary pallbearers uncover or salute as appropriate. They follow the casket in a column of twos into the chapel and sit in the front pews on the left. The funeral director, or designated person, moves the bier as previously prescribed by the officer in charge. If there is no bier, the body bearers carry the casket as instructed beforehand. At the conclusion of the chapel service, the body bearers follow the honorary pallbearers. If there are no honorary pallbearers, the body bearers follow the chaplain in a column of twos as the casket is moved to the entrance of the chapel. When honorary pallbearers are present, they form an aisle from the entrance of the chapel to the conveyance (caisson or hearse) and uncover or salute as prescribed. When the casket appears at the entrance of the chapel at the conclusion of the service, the funeral escort and band repeat the procedures prescribed for entering the chapel. The band ceases playing
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and the escort is brought to order when the casket has been secured to the caisson or placed in the hearse. After the casket has been placed on the caisson or in the hearse, the honorary pallbearers enter their cars. If they are marching, they form a column on each side of the caisson or hearse with the leading member of each column remaining even with the front wheels of the conveyance. The family group follows the casket out of the chapel and remains at the chapel entrance until the honorary pallbearers have broken ranks to take their position. The ushers then escort the family to their own cars. After the chapel service, the RP re-stows all items of equipment used and returns the chapel to a normal setting. Outside, the escort commander puts the band and escort in march, and the procession marches slowly to solemn music. If the gravesite is a considerable distance from the chapel, the escort – after leaving the chapel area – may march “at ease” and in quick time, with no band music. Upon reaching the grave, the escort is brought to attention. As the procession nears the grave, the marching elements move to their pre-designated positions. The band and military escorts are formed in a line behind and facing the foot of the grave, with other marching elements placed as near as practicable. The firing squad is positioned in such a way that it will not fire directly over the heads of the mourners. When the caisson or hearse comes to a halt, the honorary pallbearers again form in two ranks with an aisle extending from the conveyance to the graveside. If the grave is too near the road to permit this formation, the honorary pallbearers take their positions at the graveside before the removal of the casket from the caisson or hearse. When all is in readiness to remove the casket from the conveyance, the escort commander orders, “Present, ARMS.” At this command, the band renders honors, if appropriate, followed by a hymn. At the first note of the hymn, the body bearers remove the casket from the caisson or hearse. Preceded by the chaplain, the body bearers carry the casket between the ranks of honorary pallbearers to the grave and place it on the lowering device. The pallbearers remain in position facing the casket; then, they raise the flag from the casket and hold it in a horizontal position, waist high, until the conclusion of taps. As soon as the casket has passed between them, the honorary pallbearers face toward the grave and follow the casket in a column of twos to their position at the grave. The family members proceed to their designated places. When the casket has been placed over the grave, the band ceases playing and the escort is brought to order. The escort commander then commands, “Parade, REST.” The graveside service is now conducted by the chaplain. After the conclusion of the graveside service, the chaplain moves two steps to the side or rear. Upon the conclusion of the religious service, the escort commander brings the escort to attention. The escort commander orders, “Escort, less firing squad, Present, ARMS: Firing squad, FIRE THREE VOLLEYS.” The firing squad fires three volleys; then, they assume the position of “Present, ARMS” on the command of the noncommissioned officer or petty officer in charge. They remain in this position until the conclusion of taps, which is sounded by the bugler immediately after the last volley. The entire escort is then brought to order. The body bearers box the flag; the senior body bearer gives it to the chaplain or commanding officer who presents it to the next of kin, or a representative of the family. After the presentation of the flag, the band and escort are put in march by the escort commander. When retiring from the vicinity of the gravesite, care is exercised so as not to detract from the solemnity of the occasion.
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It must be remembered that there are some differences among the chapel services conducted for full honor funerals, simple honor funerals, and dependent funerals. These differences are specified in Chapter 4, NAVPERS 15956B, Naval Funerals and NAVPERS 15555, Navy Military Funerals. A chapel service is appropriate and may be used for all full honor, simple honor, and dependent funerals. 4.17.2.2 Military Service without Chapel Service When the funeral is without chapel service, the escort usually forms at or near the entrance to the cemetery. The officer in charge supervises the transfer of the casket from the hearse to the caisson (full honor) or makes provision for the hearse (simple honor) to be included in the procession, from the point of origin to the grave-site. When honorary pallbearers are present, they form in a single line facing the caisson or hearse. Their order of march is the same as described in the Military Funeral with Chapel Services. While the casket is being transferred, the escort is brought to “Present, ARMS,” the band plays appropriate music, and the honorary pallbearers uncover or salute as appropriate. The family and friends remain in their cars during the transfer of the casket. The funeral procession then forms and proceeds ─ as directed by the officer in charge ─ for the graveside service. 4.17.2.3 Graveside Service Only The military elements (chaplain, body bearers, firing squad, and bugler) participating in a graveside service are in position before the arrival of the body. The procedure for the graveside service is basically the same as for all military funerals. Upon the conclusion of the religious service, the leader of the firing squad gives the appropriate orders for the firing of three volleys and the bugler sounds “Taps” immediately upon completion of the last volley. The senior body bearer gives the order to march off after the flag has been presented to the next of kin. 4.17.2.4 Duties of the RP The duties of the RP will vary according to the type of funeral – full honor, simple honor, or dependent – and the type of religious service – with chapel service, without chapel service, or with a graveside service only, if a religious service is to be conducted. Duties will also vary according to the command at which the RP is assigned and the desires of the command chaplain; however, the duties of the RP will generally be as follows: Coordinate the schedule of the chaplain who is conducting the funeral service Coordinate the efforts of the chaplain with those of the funeral director and the OIC Initiate the necessary actions preparatory to the use of the chapel and the chapel staff in support of a military funeral in accordance with local instructions Ensure the cleanliness and good order of the chapel and its associated items prior to and following the funeral Lay out and restow the chaplain’s vestments and any other items needed for the funeral service Reserve pews for the immediate family and official participants for the funeral service in the chapel Ensure the correct altar setting, if any, and ensure the proper placement of the bier for receipt of the casket Position the funeral bier during the ceremony as requested by the chaplain
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Perform other related duties as required by the chaplain 4.17.2.4.1 General Information The RP obtains the following information in order to schedule and coordinate the chapel facilities and the staff used to support the religious and military aspects of a Navy funeral: Name, grade, and religious preference, if any, of the deceased member Name, address, and telephone number of the next of kin (NOK) Name, address, and telephone number of the chaplain who will conduct the religious portion of the funeral service Name, address, and telephone number (home/work) of the casualty assistance calls officer (CACO). Determine whether the CACO will attend the funeral service. If so, what will the duties and responsibilities of the CACO regarding the funeral service? Name, address, and telephone number of the funeral director. Obtain the following information from the funeral director: o Name and exact location of the cemetery and gravesite o Time and date of interment services o Name, address, and telephone number of the OIC of the funeral detail. Obtain the following information from the OIC: o What type of military funeral will be conducted? o What type of religious service will be conducted? (Worked out by chaplain and NOK o Will honorary pallbearers be present? o What type of graveside service will be conducted (Volleys/Taps)? o What type of funeral procession to the grave will be used? o Will ceremonies be conducted by fraternal or patriotic organization following the military funeral service? o The approximate number of relatives and friends of the deceased who will be attending the chapel service
4.17.3 Burials at Sea The burial at sea ceremony is one which remains fixed in the memories of most sailors who have participated in such a ceremony. It is one of the most somber ceremonies conducted at sea. In earlier days, burial at sea was an absolute necessity when a death occurred on board a ship under way. Today, it is seldom necessary to bury members at sea except in the time of war. Upon occasion, however, naval personnel who die ashore or naval retirees request burial at sea. These requests are honored whenever possible. Such requests are submitted to the cognizant naval area commander for approval. If burial at sea is authorized, the date of burial will be determined by the availability of the naval vessel concerned. NOTE If the OIC of the funeral detail is unable to provide this information, address questions to the cognizant CACO or NOK.
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The ceremony is composed of religious rites which consist of the reading of the scriptures, the prayers, the committal, and the benediction; and military honors which consist of the draping of the American flag over the casket, and the firing of three volleys after the Benediction, taps, and the folding and presentation of the flag to the commanding officer who receives it in behalf of the next of kin. Since burials at sea are ordinarily arranged in response to a specific request, a chaplain will generally be detailed by the fleet or force commander if the ship designated for the burial does not have a chaplain assigned. If a chaplain of the appropriate faith is not available, the religious services may be read by the CO, or an officer designated by him. 4.17.3.1 Consignment of the Remains to the Ship When death occurs on shore and permission for burial at sea is obtained from the cognizant fleet or force commander, the cognizant naval activity or funeral director ensures that casketed remains are consigned to ships in accordance with NAVPERS 15555, Article 2-5. It is the responsibility of the cognizant Naval Regional Medical Center (NRMC) to ensure that the casketed remains are properly prepared in a metal casket. The NRMC certifies to the OOD prior to acceptance of casketed remains that a minimum of six two-inch holes have been drilled into the base and lid of the casket to ensure the rapid entry of sea water. In the event the remains are encased in an inner seal casket, the NRMC also certifies that the inner plate has been removed or sufficiently loosened to permit the rapid flooding of the casket. Additional weight may have to be placed within the casket by the NRMC or the funeral director prior to being transported to the ship in order to offset the natural buoyancy of the casket and to permit the casket to sink. The OOD determines if the casket is properly certified by the cognizant NRMC prior to acceptance and receipt on board for the burial at sea service. If, at the time of the burial at sea service, the casketed remains do not submerge upon impact with the water, the CO of the vessel, while maintaining the dignity of the ceremony, shall take necessary measures to ensure its submersion. The casket is to be retrieved and proper steps taken to ensure that it will submerge, and returned to the sea. Under no circumstances will gunfire be used to cause the casket to submerge. In order to properly support and assist the chaplain in the preparation for the religious rites and military ceremonies to be performed, the RP must be familiar with the preparations necessary for a burial at sea; namely, the proper manner in which the casket is to be handled upon receipt at the pier and aboard ship, the necessary preparations for the burial at sea ceremony, the proper conduct of the ceremony itself, and the person or persons responsible for each of these functions. 4.17.3.2 Documents Required The following papers are presented to the OOD of the vessel before the remains are taken into his custody: The signed request and authorization from the person authorized to direct disposition of the remains A transit permit or burial permit issued by responsible civil authorities at the place of death, whether or not the remains are cremated An appropriate entry regarding the presentation of such papers, together with specific identifying data regarding them, is made in the ship’s log. After the burial, these papers are appropriately endorsed by the ship’s commanding officer as to the fact of burial and forwarded to BUMED or the Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC) as appropriate. Administrative tasks such as these are normally carried out or delegated by the ship’s XO.
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4.17.3.3 Receipt of Remains Shipboard The OOD takes custody of the remains when they are delivered to the ship. Eight body bearers are mustered and formed according to height on each side of the casket. The remains are carried aboard ship and placed in temporary quarters until the burial service begins. The casket is always carried feet first. The body bearers will be dressed in the uniforms specified for the service and will remain covered at all times while they are carrying the casket. Below decks, while not carrying the casket, the body bearers will be uncovered. In the compartment where the remains are temporarily placed, an honor guard will stand by the casket continuously until the remains are brought topside for committal. While in the compartment, the encased remains are draped with the national ensign. The cap and sword of the deceased are not displayed on the casket when it is draped with the national ensign. The union of the national ensign is placed over the head of the casket at the left shoulder of the deceased. The casket may be placed upon a board of suitable length and width which may later be fitted with cross battens underneath; these battens serve as handles. Low sideboards may also be utilized. When this is done, the casket is securely lashed to the board and secured to the deck. The in-port OOD, the MAA, or other delegated representative of CO the remains and ensure that all necessary preparations are made and all appropriate honors are rendered. Specific honors that should be given during the ceremony itself are prescribed in U.S. Navy Regulations, 1973. 4.17.3.4 Preparation for the Burial at Sea Service After departing from port and just prior to the ship’s arrival at the area of committal, the place on the deck which is selected for the committal is cleared and rigged so that when the body is brought on deck it may be placed securely on a stand with feet outboard, at right angles to, and extending over the side of the ship. This preparation is normally made by the deck division under the guidance of the chief master-at-arms. As the casket/remains are carried on deck for committal, “Attention” is sounded. The body bearers, preceded by the CMAA, carry the casket on deck. All crew members in the area stand at attention and execute a hand salute as the cortege passes on its way to the place selected for the committal. When the remains have been placed on deck at the committal site, the hand salute is terminated and a sentry is posted beside the casket until the burial service begins. The service must not be conducted between sunset and sunrise, except under unusual circumstances. When it is necessary to bury the dead at night, such funeral services as are practicable will be conducted. Any part of the service may be omitted as necessary except that the committal should be rendered if at all possible. At the beginning of the burial at sea ceremony, the ship will be stopped if practicable. Failure to bring the ship to a complete stop will result in strong updrafts causing ashes to return to the ship instead of the ocean. The ensign is displayed at half-mast from the beginning of the funeral service until the remains have been committed. 4.17.3.5 A Guide to the Burial Service The ceremony for burial at sea is carried out as follows: The firing squad, body bearers, and bugler are stationed. A CPO is designated to take charge of the eight riflemen who will fire the volleys. The chief MAA directs the body bearers during the service until the flag is folded and delivered to the CO. The assembled ship’s company will respond to the orders given to the firing squad regardless of whether they are separately commanded Officer’s call: The word is passed “All hands bury the dead” (the ship should be stopped and colors displayed at half-mast) Assembly (Figure 4-74)
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Figure 4-74 — Deck plan for burial of the dead at sea. Adjutant’s call (ship’s company is still being assembled) Ship’s company (not on watch) is brought to parade rest Burial service (Figure 4-75): – Scripture (parade rest) – Prayers (parade rest, heads bowed) – The appropriate Protestant, Catholic, or Jewish committal is read (attention, hand salute) – The benediction (parade rest, heads bowed)
Figure 4-75 — The burial service at sea is read. After the committal is read, the body bearers tilt the board until the body slides along the board under the national ensign, overboard into the sea. The body bearers retain the board and the national ensign, and stand fast. Three volleys are fired (attention, hand salute) at their conclusion
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Taps (hand salute at the last note of Taps); the order is given to close-up colors and to resume course and speed The flag is encased (attention) Retreat If practicable, photographs of the ceremony should be taken by the ship’s photographer. If the NOK could not attend the services, the flag used during the ceremony, the photographs, a description of the service, and the latitude and longitude of the at-sea service is forwarded to the CACO with an appropriate covering letter for presentation to NOK. A similar letter is forwarded to the CACO for the parent or parents, if they are not the NOK. Copies of the letters are furnished to BUMED and the appropriate branch of service. These actions are administered by the XO. 4.17.3.6 Duties of the RP The primary duty of the RP will be to support and assist the chaplain. Other than the general areas described in the previous pages, which are specific to the burial at sea ceremony, the RP’s religious support duties will vary little from those which support a military funeral ashore (Figure 4-76). The RP will be responsible for the preparation and arrangement of the chaplain’s vestments, and other religious objects needed; e.g.., tenser, crucifix, holy water sprinkler, etc. Additionally, the RP must be familiar with the reference material outlined in the following paragraphs.
Figure 4-76 — A casket and urn. 4.17.4 References Guidelines for the respective religious services for the burial at sea ceremony for Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant, and Jewish deceased members are delineated in the MILPERSMAN. Guidelines for these services are also found, in part, within NAVPERS 15046A, Ceremony for Burial of the Dead at Sea. These references provide basic information in regard to the military honors and religious rituals which are conducted as parts of the burial at sea ceremony. The chaplain, however, is not bound to use any prescribed format. The manner in which the service is conducted is determined by the member’s faith and the customs and traditions of the chaplain conducting the service. 4.18 NAVAL WEDDINGS As defined within OPNAVINST 1730.1, Chaplains Manual, a military wedding is one in which a marriage service is conducted for a bride and groom, at least one of whom is in the uniform of the Armed Forces and whose ushers are also in uniform.
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4.18.1 Chapel Weddings The RP must understand that a military wedding ceremony conducted in a Navy chapel is not a military ceremony but a religious one. The traditional “Arch of Swords” or “Arch of Rifles” ceremony takes place on the chapel steps after the wedding ceremony. The “Arch of Swords” and the wearing of the uniform are the only distinct military features of the wedding. The wedding ceremony is conducted in accordance with good social custom and etiquette, the wishes of the couple and chaplain, and the regulations and format of the appropriate faith group. There is no single “correct” procedure; therefore, the RP must be guided by the chaplain regarding the procedures to be used. Many weddings conducted at Navy chapels are not formal, do not meet the criteria given above for a “Military Wedding,” and require very little in the way of special preparation. While social customs for weddings vary widely, the succeeding paragraphs offer some guidelines for the RP to follow. 4.18.1.1 Planning the Wedding Commands may have a brochure outlining the wedding procedures to serve as a guide to prospective couples. The brochure should include answers to basic questions concerning the planning of the wedding and should include the form which must be submitted requesting the use of the chapel. Items which could be addressed within the brochure include the following: A statement of policy by the commanding officer regarding the use of the chapel Who can be married in the chapel How weddings are scheduled Who may conduct the wedding If visiting clergy may participate Premarital counseling Description of the military wedding ceremony The wedding rehearsal Chapel policy regarding music, flowers, and photographs Policy regarding the throwing of rice and other grains Policy regarding uniforms and dress Policy regarding wedding receptions 4.18.1.2 The Application for the Use of the Chapel The application is the first official step in planning a wedding at a naval chapel. Following this step, an appointment should be made with the chaplain for further information about premarital counseling and scheduling the wedding. The original application is kept on file at the chapel with a copy being given to the applicant at the time of submission. Normally, applications will be processed on a first come, first served basis. 4.18.1.3 Entitlements There is a distinction between the entitlement of military and sea service personnel to use the Navy chapel facilities for a wedding and entitlement to have the ceremony performed by a chaplain. The latter is a religious rite rather than a Government benefit. If possible, chapel facilities should be made available to all personnel desiring to use them in accordance with local instructions. However, the question of whether or not a particular chaplain can officiate is one that the chaplain alone can answer, on the basis of ecclesiastical regulations and the chaplain’s personal conscience.
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4.18.1.4 The Chaplain If a religious ceremony is planned, it is important that the engaged couple consult the chaplain (clergyperson) well in advance of the wedding date. Premarital counseling with the couple is required by most chaplains prior to the performance of the wedding ceremony. Although chaplains will officiate at most ceremonies held in the chapel of the command to which they are assigned, civilian clergypersons or visiting chaplains may officiate as requested by the couple. The officiating chaplain or clergyperson will most likely be of the same faith as the couple. Since chaplains, like other Navy personnel, are subject to being transferred, it can be expected that customs and procedures regulating marriage ceremonies in chapels will often change over time. When this is the case the chapel brochure reflects current practices in the chapel. 4.18.1.5 Fees Chaplains conducting weddings in the capacity as a Navy chaplain, whether active duty or reservist, are prohibited from accepting fees or gratuities for services rendered to military personnel and their dependents. 4.18.1.6 Premarital Counseling The preparation for marriage includes much more than arranging for the ceremony. Whether it is to a formal military wedding or a simple ceremony, the chaplain or clergyperson may desire to spend time in counseling the couple before the wedding takes place. Some faiths have special requirements associated with premarital counseling. The RP will need to obtain this information from the officiating chaplain or clergyperson. The RP should schedule premarital counseling sessions in coordination with the request of the chaplain and the couple concerned. The RP should schedule the wedding, rehearsals, and related activities as directed by the chaplain. The chaplain may specify, in writing, any special items or areas of concern which need to be addressed prior to the scheduling of the rehearsal or the wedding ceremony. These instructions should be placed on file with the application for use of the chapel to permit immediate follow-up by the RP and for future reference. 4.18.1.7 The Chapel The chapel is usually reserved on a first come, first served basis in accordance with command policy. Permission for its use should be obtained as soon as possible in order to secure the desired date and hour for the wedding. Whenever possible, applications should be made in writing to the chaplain’s office well in advance of the event. Any changes or conflicts in the scheduled use of the chapel facilities should be immediately noted by the RP and brought to the attention of the cognizant chaplain or military supervisor. There is no charge for the use of the chapel, but a donation to the chapel fund can be accepted. Donations which are received are used to support special ministries as a part of the CRP. When a donation is made by check, it must be made out to the Religious Offering Fund (ROF) designating the proper account, such as Protestant, Catholic, or Jewish. The use of rice and confetti is normally prohibited inside or outside the chapel. Wedding receptions are not normally held in the chapel. Where possible, dressing rooms should be made available to the bride and groom and their attendants. 4.18.1.8 Flowers and Decorations Rules for decorating military chapels vary according to command policy. At the Academy chapels, flowers, candelabra, and white hangings are furnished by the chapel altar guild and are the same for
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all weddings. Two vases of flowers are usually permitted and may be the only decorations permitted at both informal and formal weddings. The aisle posts or reserved pews may be decorated, or greenery alone may be used in some chapels. Generally, military chapels do not furnish flowers or decorations. However, for chapel weddings held during the holiday seasons, such as Christmas and Easter, flowers and decorations used by the chapel for holiday services will be present. If flowers or decorations are to be provided by the couple for the wedding service, the RP needs to be aware of the time and date of delivery, the manner in which they are arranged, and whether or not the flowers are to be removed after the wedding service. Any decorations which require alterations to the chapel (fastened to pews or walls) are not permitted without the approval of the command chaplain. 4.18.1.9 Music Since wedding ceremonies are traditionally religious ceremonies, the organist will usually be asked to play religious wedding music. These selections can normally be obtained for the chapel music file. The selection of music to be played at the wedding service is made by the couple in consultation with the officiating chaplain or clergy person. In the case of chapel weddings, organists who are members of the armed forces on active duty receive no fee for their services. However, civilian musicians are normally paid for their services. If an organist and/or soloist are utilized at the rehearsal, there may be an additional fee. The RP may assist the couple in determining the expenses associated with their particular wedding plans. A handout itemizing normal expenses would be helpful. Ensuring that the religious music file or library is properly maintained and cataloged is also an important function of the RP. A properly stocked and maintained sacred music library can provide organ and choral music sufficient in quantity to meet the needs of the chapel music program. 4.18.1.10 Preparation of the Chapel Before the Wedding Candles will usually be lit 15 minutes before the hour of the ceremony. The RP or ushers proceed to the front of the chapel and light the candles with the aid of tapers. Hand-held matches or cigarette lighters are considered inappropriate. The ends of pews are frequently marked by ribbons or sprays of flowers. A runner is sometimes used in the chapel to prevent the bride from soiling her gown and train. If a runner is to be used, two ushers will march in step to the chapel chancel steps, grasp the runner, face the back of the chapel, and walk until the runner is extended as far as it will go. When the chapel does not have a single central aisle, but has two aisles, one aisle may be used for the processional, and the other aisle for the recessional. The bride’s family is then seated in the front pews on the left side of the center section, and the bridegroom’s family is seated in the front pews on the right side. At this stage, prior to the ceremony, the RP ensures that the chapel has been properly rigged, that the chaplain’s vestments and other necessary items have been laid out and prepared, and that any other necessary preparations have been carried out. The cleanliness and proper order of the chapel must be assured. 4.18.1.11 The Rehearsal The wedding rehearsal is an area of primary concern to the RP. The RP may be expected to conduct rehearsals without the presence of a chaplain. It is very important then that the RP be thoroughly familiar with all aspects of the wedding ceremony in order to be able to assist the members of the
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wedding in the performance of their respective roles at the wedding ceremony. Some weddings conducted at Navy chapels are not strictly formal and may not require a rehearsal. However, most couples and chaplains prefer a rehearsal to reduce the anxiety of the couple and to ensure that the ceremony will proceed smoothly. The date and time of the rehearsal are determined by the chaplain and the couple. An alternate date and time should be scheduled in the event that the first date cannot be met. At the rehearsal for a formal military wedding, the RP may be required to brief the members of the wedding party concerning the wedding ceremony. Ushers should be instructed as to their role and should be aware of any etiquette or protocol requirements associated with the ceremony. The members of the wedding party should be instructed in the procedures for the processional to the chancel, the recessional from the chancel, and the “Arch of Swords/Arch of Rifles” ceremony. The RP also provides information, if directed by the chaplain, regarding the religious rites to be conducted and any special instructions to the couple and wedding party. A general description of the religious rites for weddings for various denominations is provided later in this chapter. The areas in which the RP provides general instruction and guidance at the rehearsal are as follows. 4.18.1.12 Ushering The following paragraphs contain general instructions, subject to modification as necessary, which should be provided to the ushers by the RP at the wedding rehearsal. When guests arrive at the chapel (Figure 4-77), ushers may ask the guests if they wish to be seated on the bride’s side or on the groom’s side, or they may ask “Are you a relative (or friend) of the bride, or the groom?” Friends of the bride are seated on the left side of the chapel facing the chancel; friends of the groom are seated on the right side of the chapel. An usher always offers the right arm to a female when escorting her down the aisle. The ushers should attempt to place people having no seating preference on that side of the chapel where fewer persons are seated. A woman who arrives with her husband or other male guest is escorted to the proper pew by the usher; the man is asked to follow them. Children follow their parents. If a man is attending alone, he walks beside the usher. Traditionally, each woman is escorted to a pew unless there are many guests waiting to be seated. Under these circumstances, the usher may offer one of the ladies his right arm and ask the others in the party to follow. He may make appropriate remarks while escorting them to their seats, but quietly, and in keeping with the dignity and reverence accorded the event. Guests should not be hurried to their seats, but the seating must be done with a minimum of delay; guests are generally not seated during the presentation of special music (solos, duets). Guests who arrive first may be given the choice aisle seats while later arrivals take the inner seats. At a formal wedding, the head usher may be given a typed alphabetical list of guests and the seating arrangement. The CO of the bride or groom, and the commanding officer’s spouse, may be invited to sit in the front pew if the parents are unable to attend. If the parents are in attendance, the CO’s party may be seated with the family. Flag and general officers, other COs or dignitaries, may be seated in accordance with rank or station just behind the families of the couple, but rigid military protocol is not adhered to on these occasions. The head ushers are so designated by the groom. One usher escorts the groom’s mother to her pew on the right. Just before the ceremony is to start, the head usher escorts the bride’s mother to her pew on the left – and she is the last person to be seated. All guests should be seated before the exact time designated for the wedding to begin. When there is a soloist, guests should wait quietly at
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the rear of the chapel until the conclusion of the song before they are seated. Latecomers are expected to seat themselves in the back of the chapel; however, guests are not expected to be late.
Figure 4-77 — The chapel or church with two aisles; wedding procession. 4.18.1.13 The Processional General instructions at the wedding rehearsal for this portion of the ceremony are as follows: The procession forms upon the completion of the ushers’ duties, with the ushers taking their places at the head of the procession in the back of the chapel The first note of the wedding march is the signal that the ceremony is beginning. By this time, everything is in order, and everyone is in place. The order is: – The chaplain enters the chancel area and takes his place before the guests (Figure 4-78)
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– The groom enters, followed at about two paces by the best man, and both are in the same marching step as paced by the chaplain. Upon reaching the chancel steps, they turn and face the guests and the direction from which the bride will enter – Simultaneously with the appearance of the groom and best man, the first ushers start forward in pairs. The pairs of ushers are separated by the approximate distance of six pew spaces. Ushers are paired so that the shorter ones precede the taller. (In some chapels the ushers may process singly) – The ushers face the front of the chapel until all are in position, then they turn together and face the approaching bride – The bridesmaids follow the ushers, walking singly with the approximate space of six pews between them. The bridesmaids face the front of the chapel until the arrival of the maid of honor. (The bridesmaids may also walk in pairs) – The maid or matron of honor is approximately eight pew spaces behind the bridesmaids. She also faces the front of the chapel, and then she and the bridesmaids together turn and face the assembled guests – When a ring bearer and flower girl are used (in that order), they walk approximately five pew spaces behind the maid or matron of honor, and five pew spaces in front of the bride. (A ring bearer and/or flower girl may walk singly or in pairs) – The bride processes to the front of the chapel on the right arm of her father (guardian or family representative). The members of the bridal party are now facing toward the chaplain, and the guests are facing the front of the chapel – When the bride reaches a point between the groom and the maid of honor, the groom advances to meet her and the wedding party turns to face the front of the chapel – The guests may be seated or remain standing throughout the ceremony as directed by the chaplain. The procession is ended and the wedding ceremony begins. (The various wedding ceremonies and religious rites are discussed later in the chapter)
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Figure 4-78 — When the bridesmaids are in position, the chaplain will advance toward the bride and groom. 4.18.1.14 The Recessional The bride and groom are the first to leave the chancel, with the bride on the right arm of the groom. The maid of honor and the best man walk out together, followed by the bridesmaids and ushers in pairs. Designated ushers will escort the bride’s mother and the groom’s mother to the back of the chapel. The chaplain may choose to depart the chancel area by joining the recessional at this point.
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There is no effort made to keep step with the music during the recessional, but everyone walks at a normal pace. Following the recessional, families, friends, and guests leave in no particular order of departure. At a military wedding ceremony, it is the duty of the ushers (in fair weather) to see that all guests go outdoors immediately after the wedding for the Arch of Swords/Arch of Rifles ceremony. An usher will courteously request, in a tone of voice which may be heard by all the guests, “Please proceed to the chapel steps.” Members of the bridal party will usually stand at either or both sides of the outer door of the chapel, with guests standing at any convenient place along the steps or walk to observe the Arch of Swords/Arch of Rifles ceremony. 4.18.1.15 The Arch of Swords/Arch of Rifles Ceremony General instructions for this portion of the ceremony, if conducted, are as follows: For a formal military wedding the Arch of Swords ceremony (Figure 4-79) may be conducted for officers. A similar ceremony utilizing rifles may be conducted for enlisted personnel. It is customary that six or eight ushers (or designated sword/rifle bearers) take part in the ceremony. At a Navy chapel, swords and rifles are only unsheathed or made ready outside of the chapel. The head usher, just prior to the recessional, will lead the designated sword or rifle bearers outside the chapel onto the chapel steps where they form an arch, facing each other in equal number. For the Arch of Swords ceremony, as the couple prepares to depart the chapel, the head usher will give the command, “Officers, DRAW SWORDS.” This action is carried out in one continuous motion, tips of swords touching. The newly married couple will pass under the arch (only they may do so) and then pause for a moment. The head usher then gives the command, “Officers, RETURN SWORDS.” (Swords brought to the position of “present arms.”) Swords are returned to the scabbards for all but three or four inches of their length. The final inches of travel are completed in unison, the swords returning “home” with a single click. The ushers designated as sword or rifle bearers must completely understand their duties. The rehearsal is a good time for participants to practice this part of the ceremony. Ushers should be told by the couple to bring the necessary items required for the Arch of Swords/Arch of Rifles ceremony to the rehearsal.
Figure 4-79 — The Arch of Swords. 4.18.1.16 Religious Rites The religious rites of the wedding ceremony are planned and celebrated by the chaplain. At the rehearsal, however, the RP may be called upon to brief the members of the wedding party as to how
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the religious rites will be conducted. At most formal military weddings, the religious rites will follow the processional. Any exceptions to this will be determined by the chaplain in consultation with the bride and groom. General descriptions are offered here of the wedding rites conducted by Christian and Jewish religious groups commonly represented within the Navy chaplaincy. These descriptions are, of necessity, general and may not apply for all religious groups. The chaplain conducting the wedding is always the most reliable source of information regarding the wedding ceremony. 4.18.1.16.1 The Christian Rites Christian wedding ceremonies vary widely. The following descriptions are a very general description of some of the aspects of the various Christian ceremonies which are conducted. The officiating chaplain or clergyperson is the best source of information regarding the manner in which each ceremony will be conducted. 4.18.1.16.1.1 Roman Catholic A Roman Catholic wedding may include a wedding or nuptial Mass, which will lengthen the time required for the ceremony; this aspect must be considered when scheduling the chapel. Preparation for the nuptial Mass and wedding is generally the same as for any other Mass except that a ‘‘prie dieu” or “double kneeler” for the couple may be used as well as a sprinkler for holy water. Other items may be used as the priest directs. When a nuptial Mass is omitted, a simple ceremony may be conducted. 4.18.1.16.1.2 Eastern Orthodox An Eastern Orthodox wedding does not normally include the celebration of the Divine Liturgy as an integral part of the ceremony. The wedding ceremony is generally conducted at a table set near the chapel sanctuary but not directly at the altar. Prior to the wedding, the bride and groom traditionally make confessions and partake of communion. Wine may be used during the ceremony and may be taken by the couple from a common cup. Simple wreaths of flowers may be used as crowns for the couple for the wedding ceremony; or more ornate silver and gold crowns may be purchased by the couple for use in the ceremony. The Orthodox chaplain, however, will provide guidance in planning the ceremony. 4.18.1.16.1.3 Protestant and Other Christian Bodies Within the Protestant group and other Christian groups not specifically mentioned previously, wedding ceremonies vary widely. These ceremonies will vary from denominations which have very formal, prescribed wedding rites to denominations which have very simple wedding rites conducted in accordance with the conscience of the officiating chaplain and the desires of the couple. The officiating chaplain will determine the manner in which the religious rites are to be performed and will direct the RP in the manner in which the entire wedding ceremony will be conducted. 4.18.1.16.1.4 The Jewish Rites Jewish wedding ceremonies, customarily, are not held between sundown Friday and sundown Saturday. Jewish weddings may occur after sundown Saturday or on Sunday. Jewish weddings do not normally occur on Jewish holy days, and on certain days between Passover and the holidays of Shavuot. These customs are generally observed by the Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform branches of Judaism. In Orthodox and Conservative ceremonies (Figure 4-80), the ceremony is generally conducted under a canopy (chuppah) with the rabbi positioned beside a table on which two glasses of wine are present. The language used by the rabbi maybe Hebrew. Yarmulkas (skullcaps) are generally worn by males.
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Figure 4-80 — Orthodox Jewish ceremony under a canopy at the altar. At Reform Jewish weddings, the service may be in English or Hebrew, and the use of the yarmulkas and the canopy is optional. Only one glass of wine is generally used at the Reform ceremony. The Betrothal Benedictions open the Orthodox ceremony, followed by the ceremony of the ring, and the reading of the marriage contract (kesubah). After the blessing of the wine, the rabbi passes the glass of wine to the groom who sips from it and then passes it to the bride. The ritual is completed in the act of drinking the second glass of wine by the bride and groom and the subsequent crushing of the glass under the groom’s shoe. In Reform Jewish ceremonies, the glass may be left intact. The rabbi, however, determines how the ceremony will be conducted and guides the RP, as necessary. 4.18.1.17 Duties of the RP The RP can be expected to assist the chaplain in the following areas: Ensuring that the couple is provided with a current brochure if one is available, which outlines all policies and procedures regarding the use of chapel services and facilities Scheduling of premarital counseling sessions, wedding rehearsals, and wedding ceremony Coordinating with the chaplain regarding any special requirements, items, or instructions needed to conduct the wedding rehearsals or ceremony Coordinating with the chapel organist in scheduling the wedding rehearsals and ceremonies. and ensuring availability of the chapel music file as requested Ensuring the cleanliness and proper rigging/unrigging of the chapel spaces prior to and after the wedding rehearsals and ceremonies Ensuring that the appropriate vestments and appointments have been laid out and/or set up as needed Ensuring that any civil, ecclesiastical, or military directives necessary to the conduct or a wedding by a chaplain are available Ensuring that any administrative tasks associated with the wedding are performed Performing other appropriate duties that the chaplain may direct
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END OF CHAPTER 4 MINISTRY SUPPORT AND ACCOMMODATION Review Questions 4-1 Which of the following clergy members may conduct services for the command in the military chapel?
A. Military chaplains only B. Auxiliary and military chaplains only C. Military chaplains and civilian clergy only D. Military chaplains, auxiliary chaplains, and civilian clergy
4-2 If clergy of a particular faith group are unavailable, a lay leader for that faith group may conduct services in the CRP facilities.
A. True B. False
4-3 The responsibility for implementing Navy policy regulating the use of the command facilities rests with which of the following persons?
A. Command chaplain B. RP C. Activity commander D. Each of the above
4-4 The schedule for the use of the chapel should be formulated by which of the following people?
A. Activity commander B. RP only C. Command chaplain only D. Command chaplain and RP
4-5 The requests for use of the CRP facilities must be approved by which of the following people?
A. Command chaplain B. Command chaplain and the CO C. Command chaplain and the RP D. Command chaplain, CO, and the RP
4-6 Which of the following information should NOT be entered on both the CRP facilities worksheet and the master schedule?
A. A description of the function B. The name and telephone number of the requester C. The number of people expected to attend D. The exact location of the function
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4-7 The RP’s responsibility in regard to scheduling CRP activities includes which of the following actions?
A. Gathering pertinent information B. Briefing the requester C. Ensuring that facilities are ready for use D. Each of the above
4-8 Which of the following information need NOT be included in the handout or brochure prepared for people who request the use of CRP facilities?
A. Safety measures B. Policies and procedures C. Security measures D. List of scheduled events
4-9 The area occupied by the chaplain as he or she conducts services is called the what?
A. Narthex B. Altar C. Chancel D. Nave
4-10 The area in the chapel where worshipers are seated is called the what?
A. Nave B. Chancel C. Narthex D. Lectern
4-11 The entryway to the chapel is called the what?
A. Altar B. Vestibule C. Nave D. Narthex
4-12 The reading desk from which the scriptures are read is called the what?
A. Lectern B. Chancel C. Nave D. Altar
4-13 The area in which ecclesiastical appointments are stored is known as the what?
A. Altar B. Sacristy C. Baptistry D. Ark
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4-14 The cabinet in which the Jewish Torah is kept is known at the what?
A. Bimah B. Yad C. Ark D. Sacristy
4-15 The area set aside for conducting baptisms is called the what?
A. Baptistry B. Sacristy C. Altar D. Narthex
4-16 The focal point for worship ritual is called the what?
A. Sacristy B. Chancel C. Nave D. Altar
4-17 The location selected for religious services aboard ship may vary due to which of the following circumstances?
A. The weather B. The noise C. The tactical situation D. Each of the above
4-18 On an aircraft carrier, the RP may need assistance in preparing the shipboard space for services. This help should be supplied by which of the following personnel?
A. The senior petty officer of the ship B. POIC of the working party C. Supply officer D. Other RPs
4-19 In a combat situation, what should be the primary concern in selecting a location for a field altar for religious services?
A. Physical safety of the chaplain and congregants B. Availability of seating capacity C. The ground cover D. The distance from supplies
4-20 When the chapel is not in use ashore, or being prepared for a service, how should it be arranged?
A. Orthodox arrangement B. Protestant arrangement C. Roman Catholic arrangement D. Nonsectarian arrangement
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4-21 If the chancel area of the chapel is on a raised platform or higher than the congregation, where should (a) the American flag, and (b) the church flag be displayed?
A. On chaplain’s right; (b) below the American flag B. On chaplain’s left; (b) below the American flag C. On chaplain’s right; (b) on chaplain’s left D. On chaplain’s left; (b) on chaplain’s right
4-22 If the chancel area is on the same level as the congregation, where should (a) the American flag and (b) the church flag be displayed?
A. On chaplain’s left; (b) on chaplain’s right B. On chaplain’s right; on chaplain’s left C. On chaplain’s left; below the American flag D. On chaplain’s right; below the American flag
4-23 When the chapel is not in use, which flag, if any, should be displayed in the chapel?
A. American flag only B. Church flag only C. American and church flag D. Neither flag
4-24 The Torah is a handwritten Hebrew scroll which contains the first five books of the bible.
A. True B. False
4-25 The eternal light (Ner Tamid) should be kept burning continuously if possible.
A. True B. False
4-26 Which of the following statements is NOT true in regard to Orthodox icons?
A. Icons are religious paintings of the various biblical prophets B. Icons are used in Orthodox worship services C. Icons are venerated only in the Narthex D. When Orthodox members kiss the Icon, they feel they are kissing the person depicted by the Icon
4-27 The piece of material bearing a representation of the figure of Christ laid out for burial is called the what?
A. Antimension B. Artophorion C. Prothesis D. Prosphora
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4-28 In the Orthodox Sanctuary arrangement, the item that stands at the back of the altar table is called the what?
A. Antimension B. Artophorion C. Prothesis D. Prosphora
4-29 What is the glass or metal vessel or bottle—usually in the form of a jug and having a handle and a beak—intended to be used to contain the wine or water for a Catholic Eucharistic service called?
A. Ciborium B. Cruet C. Paten D. Pyx
4-30 In the Orthodox religion, the small altar table containing holy vessels and communion ware is called the what?
A. Prosphora B. Prothesis C. Antimension D. Artophorion
4-31 In the Orthodox religion, the special leavened bread stamped with a wooden seal before being baked is called the what?
A. Antimension B. Artophorion C. Prothesis D. Prosphora
4-32 Which of the following is the correct method for cleaning a marble baptismal?
A. Wipe with a cloth dampened with furniture polish B. Rub gently with a soft scratch pad C. Polish with nonabrasive polish D. Use mild ammonia with warm water and a soft cloth
4-33 Which of the following is the correct method for cleaning a metal baptismal font?
A. Polishing with a nonabrasive polish B. Wiping with a soft cloth dipped in ammonia and warm water C. Polishing gently with a soft scratch pad D. Using a cloth dampened with furniture polish
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4-34 Which of the following is the best method for cleaning a wood baptismal font?
A. Rub gently with a soft scratch pad B. Wipe with a cloth dampened with furniture polish C. Polish with nonabrasive polish D. Use mild ammonia with warm water and a soft cloth
4-35 When aboard ship, where are ecclesiastical equipment and supplies stored?
A. Vestry B. Mount out box C. Ecclesiastical gear locker D. Storage tent
4-36 If you elect to have linens laundered by a commercial cleaner, from what fund would the cleaner be paid?
A. O&M funds B. Petty cash C. Out–of–pocket D. ROF
4-37 It is the responsibility of the RP to check the chaplain’s vestments after each use for which of the following?
A. Wrinkles only B. Stains only C. Wrinkles and stains only D. Tears, stains, and wrinkles
4-38 How should the vestments used in the RMF be cleaned?
A. Hand washed B. Machine washed C. Commercially laundered D. In accordance with the instructions on the label
4-39 Which funds are used to pay for the dry cleaning of vestments?
A. O&M Funds B. ROF C. NAF D. None of the above
4-40 Which of the following is the best method of removing wax from an altar railing?
A. Rub gently with furniture polish B. Use tissue paper or soft paper C. Run hot water on the area that is covered with wax D. Rub gently with a plastic scratch pad
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4-41 Which of the following is the best method of cleaning wax from candlesticks?
A. Use tissue paper or soft paper B. With a warm iron C. Rub gently with a plastic scratch pad D. Run hot water over the affected area
4-42 By which method should wax be removed from washable cloth items?
A. Rubbing gently with furniture polish B. Using tissue paper or soft paper C. Running hot water on the area that is covered with wax D. Rubbing gently with a plastic scratch pad
4-43 Depending on the chaplain, some communion elements require special handling and storage.
A. True B. False
4-44 The individual cups used in communion ware may be made of which of the following materials?
A. Glass B. Plastic C. Paper D. Each of the above
4-45 How would you wash individual glass communion cups?
A. In dishwasher B. Rinse with cold water C. Hand wash with warm soapy water D. Hand wash with cold soapy water
4-46 Which of the following is the proper method of cleaning and polishing wooden pulpits and pews?
A. Rubbing with a soft dry cloth B. Using furniture polish and a clean cloth C. Washing with warm soapy water, and then polishing with a nonabrasive polish D. Washing with a solution of ammonia and water
4-47 Which of the following is the proper method of cleaning and polishing stained glass windows?
A. Rubbing with a soft dry cloth B. Using furniture polish and a clean cloth C. Washing with warm soapy water, and then polishing with a nonabrasive polish D. Washing with a solution of ammonia and water
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4-48 Which of the following is proper method of cleaning and polishing lacquered brass appointments?
A. Rubbing with a soft dry cloth B. Using furniture polish and a clean cloth C. Washing with warm soapy water, and then polishing with a nonabrasive polish D. Washing with a solution of ammonia and water
4-49 How should chrome and chrome-plated appointments be cleaned and polished?
A. Using furniture polish and a clean soft cloth B. Washing with warm soapy water and a clean soft cloth C. Rubbing with a soft dry cloth D. Rubbing with a damp soft cloth
4-50 Gold, silver, and silver-plated chapel appointments should be cleaned only with a soft clean cloth and warm soapy water.
A. True B. False
4-51 The first official recognition of the colors of the American Republic was given by France (a) in what year, (b) in what place, and (c) to what naval command?
A. 1778; (b) Quiberon Bay; (c) the Ranger commanded by John Paul Jones B. 1778; (b) Quiberon Bay; (c) the Bon Homme Richard commanded by John Paul Jones C. 1776; (b) Quebec Bay; (c) the Serapis commanded by John Paul Jones D. (a) 1776; (b) Bay of Biscay; (c) the Providence commanded by John Paul Jones
4-52 A religious flag or pennant may be flown above the ensign of the United States when services are conducted (a) by whom, and (b) in what location?
A. Chaplains; (b) on board ship B. Chaplains; (b) in the chapel C. Layleaders; (b) on board ship D. Layleaders; (b) in the chapel
4-53 When the ensign of the United States is placed over the casket of a deceased member of the naval service, what does this signify?
A. The member served the nation and its naval service B. The service of the deceased member has ended and the time for rest has began C. The member had been wounded in action D. The member had served in active duty
4-54 State, official, and special military funerals are conducted in accordance with regulations outlined in which of the following references?
A. OPNAVINST 5360.1(series) B. OPNAVINST 1730.1(series) C. NAVPERS 15555(series) D. Each of the above
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4-55 The duties of the RP in regard to naval funerals will vary according to which of the following circumstances?
A. The type of funeral which is to be conducted B. The type of religious service which is to be conducted C. The desires of the command chaplain and the type of command to which the RP is attached D. Each of the above
4-56 In order to schedule and coordinate the chapel facilities and the staff used to support the religious and military aspects of a naval funeral, the RP should obtain which of the following items of information?
A. Name, grade, and religious preference, if any, of the deceased member B. Name, address, and telephone number of the chaplain who will conduct the religious portion of the funeral service C. Name, address, and telephone number of the funeral director, as well as the name and exact location of the cemetery and gravesite and the time and date of interment services D. All of the above
4-57 The burial at sea ceremony is composed of which of the following elements?
A. Religious rites only B. Military honors only C. Religious rites and military honors D. Fraternal rites and veteran’s ceremonies
4-58 To ensure the rapid entry of sea water into the casket following the burial at sea ceremony, which of the following actions should be taken prior to the acceptance of the remains aboard ship?
A. A minimum of six two-inch holes should be drilled into the base and lid of the casket B. In the event the remains are encased in an inner seal casket, the inner plate of the casket should be removed or sufficiently loosened to permit rapid flooding C. Additional weight should be placed within the casket to offset the casket’s natural buoyancy to permit it to flood D. Each of the above
4-59 How many riflemen are normally utilized to fire volleys at the burial at sea ceremony?
A. Five B. Six C. Seven D. Eight
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4-60 When the ship is stopped and colors are displayed at half-mast, what order is normally given to assemble the ship’s company for the burial at sea ceremony?
A. “All hands bury the dead” B. “All hands not actually on watch, assemble to bury the ship’s dead” C. “Close up colors” D. “Attention”
4-61 What is normally considered to be the first official step in planning a wedding which is to be held in a naval chapel?
A. The wedding rehearsal B. Premarital counseling C. Announcement of marriage vows D. Submission of an application for use of the naval chapel
4-62 If flowers or decorations are to be provided by the couple for the wedding service, the RP should obtain all EXCEPT which of the following information?
A. Whether the flowers are to be removed after the wedding service B. What color flowers are to be used C. The time and date of delivery of the flowers D. The manner in which the flowers are to be delivered and arranged in the chapel
4-63 Which religion does not normally include the celebration of the Divine Liturgy in its wedding ceremony?
A. Eastern Orthodox B. Roman Catholic C. Islam D. Buddhist
4-64 What is the name of the canopy under which the Jewish bride and groom stand during their wedding ceremony?
A. Challah B. Chuppah C. Yartzeit D. Minyan
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